In the history of Western thought，bet365 bonus code louisiana refers to "a beautiful place of nowhere"，The dual dimension of ideals and fantasies。However, some Western Marxists in the 20th century attempted to reinterpret this concept，Ibloch、Represented by Marcuse and others，The formation of a utopian trend。They try to equate bet365 bonus code louisiana with socialism，This kind of behavior is not only ridiculous，They “ignore the historical development of the proletariat”，“Being superstitious about the miraculous effects of your own set of social sciences”；And it’s in vain，Any claim to revive bet365 bonus code louisiana is just a fanatical fantasy。

Background of bet365 bonus code louisiana Reconstruction

Early 20th century，In Western ideological circles，A group of liberal theorists have set off a wave of dystopia。In their opinion，Historical action called "bet365 bonus code louisiana Movement"，Failed to bring people the happiness it promised，Instead, it caused some of the heaviest disasters in human history。Because they equate bet365 bonus code louisiana with socialism，Thus not only makes bet365 bonus code louisiana’s presence suspicious，And the legitimacy of socialism has also been eroded。As a way of rebuttal，A group of Western Marxists have not clarified the boundaries between socialism and bet365 bonus code louisiana，Rather, it attempts to give legitimacy to the concept of bet365 bonus code louisiana，Putting the cart before the horse, they began their self-righteous "socialist salvation"。

Traditional utopian theory is obsessed with specific and sophisticated political designs，Many ridiculous "social blueprints" have been planned in the name of the good of the community。The uniform clothing of "Utopians"、The gorgeous urban planning of Sun City、Twelve exquisite dishes on the French table，From Falenstel to Little Igaria，These “illusions beyond class struggle” remind Western Marxists，bet365 bonus code louisiana is originally a "land of nothingness"。They are aware of these problems，But it is solved in a self-deceptive way - since the traditional bet365 bonus code louisiana is illusory，Then reconstruct a new bet365 bonus code louisiana to replace it。

Bloch、Marcuse、Jameson and others have tried hard to establish a link between Marxism and the illusory "utopian spirit"。For true Marxists，The positive significance of bet365 bonus code louisiana is only that it is a valuable material that once inspired workers’ consciousness。In other words，bet365 bonus code louisiana is legitimate only in a prehistoric sense；But for Western Marxists，bet365 bonus code louisiana has become a "universal panacea"。On a theoretical level，They ignore the illusion of bet365 bonus code louisiana，Only recognize its ideality，The concept of bet365 bonus code louisiana becomes the measure of value for evaluating everything。On a realistic level，These new “utopians” try to change the alienated human living conditions in post-capitalist society simply through awakening the utopian spirit and radical cultural criticism。

　　Three basic ways to reconstruct bet365 bonus code louisiana

Generally speaking，Western Marxists reconstruct the concept of bet365 bonus code louisiana in three ways。

The first way is speculative “ontological” reconstruction，Complete through the phenomenological reduction of bet365 bonus code louisiana and utopian spirit。In Bloch’s opinion，The reason why people act，It is driven by impulse；“Hunger” is the most basic human impulse，So people always "expect" something to eliminate "hunger"；When the thing "expected" is something that "does not yet" exist in reality，This "expectation" is "hope"。Bloch believes that this "consciousness of hope" pointing to "not yet existing" is the core of the utopian spirit，As an instinctive structure that produces human action，Everything that is progressive in history、Revolutionary thoughts and actions are “utopian”。But when Bloch asserts that "impulse" exists ontologically before "body"，The "roots" of idealism of dualism have already been laid。The utopian spirit may be hidden in past history in the form of a spiritual outflow，But what really promotes the development of social history，It can only be the material force of reality。

The second way is spiritual “aesthetic” reconstruction，Completed by building a critical aesthetic bet365 bonus code louisiana。Marcuse believes，The disease of Western society lies in the "extra repression" brought about by the capitalist system，Technically creating an external power that in turn enslaves and oppresses people；Creating false needs in consumption to stimulate people’s desires；The essence is that additional suppression limits the scope of "love" activities，Therefore, human liberation is the liberation of "love"。On the issue of how to realize the liberation of "love"，Marcuse used "bet365 bonus code louisiana" as a "magic weapon"，Proposed an instinctive revolutionary theory centered on the reconstruction of aesthetic bet365 bonus code louisiana。On the one hand，Aesthetic bet365 bonus code louisiana is spiritual，Performed by overthrowing mechanical stereotypes、Copyable art creation mode，Restore the uniqueness and "aura" of art。On the other hand，It is also used as the program and principle of political action，If the proletarian revolution is replaced by "instinctive revolution" and "cultural revolution"。As a result, this aesthetic bet365 bonus code louisiana cannot change reality，Because pure aesthetic redemption as a spiritual force lacks fundamental changes in material life，The relationship between the economic base and the superstructure has been reversed。At the same time，It cannot achieve true criticism and transcendence，Because the homogeneous social reality in post-capitalist society cannot leave room for the expected transcendence。

The third way is conceptual "conversion" reconstruction，Done by playing with concepts。Russell Jacoby believes that “Blueprint utopianism” has exhausted its power，But “iconoclastic utopianism” should be revived。The targets of liberal criticism are all kinds of "blueprint" utopian traditions in history。In the tradition of anti-idolatry in Judaism, there is another special utopian paradigm，It does not describe a specific social blueprint，Rejected language、Reject image，Describe the ideal life in a negative way。However, this kind of bet365 bonus code louisiana that insists on denying，Avoid any positive political platform，In fact, it also makes people fall into political apathy and incompetence，This kind of utopian theory that lacks constructive significance is also more divorced from the "foundation of the real life world" than traditional utopias。

　Criticism and reflection on bet365 bonus code louisiana reconstruction

No matter how Western Marxists reconstruct bet365 bonus code louisiana，Their basic positions are “utopian”，That is, unreal and fanatical。Liberal view，If history were predictable，Then history has come to an end in the era of capitalism；If history is unpredictable，Then all social ideals are at best a "myth" or myth。But the problem with this claim is，The "heaven on earth" promised in the post-capitalist era is the real fantasy，The real social and historical trajectory has shown that history is far from over；The regularity of the historical development of human society has also been proved by objective facts。Therefore，Rebutting liberal indictments does not require a path to bet365 bonus code louisiana，The reconstruction of bet365 bonus code louisiana is worthy of recognition only if one is consciously aware of the “illusionity” of bet365 bonus code louisiana。Otherwise，The so-called reconstruction of bet365 bonus code louisiana is a misinterpretation of the laws of social development，Separating the fundamental connection between social ideals and social reality，Exaggerating the significance of “bet365 bonus code louisiana” as a social ideology。

The utopian reconstruction of Western Marxism is a response to the criticism of Western socialism in the 20th century，But no matter which reconstruction method，It is impossible to succeed。They still regard bet365 bonus code louisiana as a kind of bet365 bonus code louisiana with its own "spirit"、Moral、The independent existence of "the foundation of freedom"，Empty goals set apart from the actual historical development process。Therefore，Compared to the "classical utopian tradition"，The utopian reconstruction of Western Marxism while breaking the limitations of political design，Also fell into a deeper "access dilemma"。As Engels pointed out，Traditional utopian theory lacks understanding of means，Therefore it is utopian。Compare to，The bet365 bonus code louisiana of Western Marxists is even less accessible。In Art、Aesthetic、Architecture、Resurrection of bet365 bonus code louisiana in religion and other fields，Or exist in all realistic new things in the form of a weak utopian spirit without considering the issue of implementation，Or use up your last strength in empty ideals pointing to the future。

These "new utopians" realize that the 20th century criticism of socialism was absurd，The attack from liberalism cannot withstand scrutiny in theory or fact。But these theorists have chosen a “path of defense” that puts the cart before the horse，Replacing the true proposition of the legitimacy of socialism with the false proposition of the legitimacy of bet365 bonus code louisiana。bet365 bonus code louisiana as a beautiful but unrealistic dream，It can only be an interesting but niche cultural branch。These “new utopians” are essentially just dreamers with good intentions，Although specific scenes no longer appear in their dreams，But filled with bubbles and hazy illusions。

(Author’s unit: School of Philosophy and bet365 bonus code louisiana Sciences, Jilin University)