Capital comes to the world,Create a management system for labor time, namely bet365 bonus code pa,To focus on precise control of labor。So bet365 bonus code pa is labor time in the modern world,Closely related to the capital system。The capitalization of working days is an important mechanism of the capitalist mechanism,Reshape the real space of human existence with precise labor time,Comprehensive integration of social order and social relations in the form of rationality。bet365 bonus code pa advances in tandem with the capitalist industrial revolution,Making bet365 bonus code pa the standard working time for workers’ collective production。We can describe the production scene of the modern working day: industrial production to the workshop、Machine、Division of labor and product assembly lines and other forms,Siphoning a large number of workers from traditional societies,Making the latter continuously adapt to modern production models,Form an orderly organization of workers、The machine roars、The pace of labor is accelerating、New production scenarios for the expansion of commodity production。
"Das Kapital" systematically criticizes bet365 bonus code pa,Uncover the mechanism of capital operation,Provides a realistic starting point for transcending and eliminating capital。As Marx wrote to Engels on February 10, 1866,“I made a historical expansion of the section “Working Days”,This is beyond my original plan”,This highlights the core position of the critique of bet365 bonus code pa in Marx’s critique of capital。The reason, Unlike other thinkers who ignore bet365 bonus code pa,Marx directly used the criticism of bet365 bonus code pa to comprehensively display the social scene of the confrontation between labor and capital,Because it is directly related to the linkage of capital exploitation mechanism、Worker life time materialized、Contents such as the union of the labor production system and the social confrontation revolutionary movement,To truly solve the problem of alienation of labor time in the modern world。
The theoretical horizon of bet365 bonus code pa
bet365 bonus code pa as a hidden issue in capitalist society,deeply embedded in many theoretical reflections。
First, the view of classical economics,bet365 bonus code pa is the rational mechanism of capital production,It is the time freedom of wealth creation。As Adam Smith thought,bet365 bonus code pa is equality between labor and capital、An important sign of free communication。Working days are based on wages as the trading principle,Highlights the equal relationship and free exchange between labor and capital,Decided by friendly economic discussions between the two,"Ordinary wages of workers,Everything depends on the contract between labor and management”。But the problem is,Smith didn’t really understand,Under the control of capital logic,The wages of working days are only reflected as part of the surplus value of capital transfer,To satisfy the workers’ group survival,To maintain the continuity of exploitation。As for the length of working days、Wage content and exploitation nature, etc.,Smith avoided talking about it due to his economic stance。So when facing long working days,Smith did not condemn,But I think it’s enough to just protect workers’ survival。So much so that Michael Peroman thought,Smith and others only demonstrated the rationality of the mandatory establishment of a modern capital exploitation system on working days,“In the Utopia of Early Classical Political Economy,Poor people work every waking moment”,But they turned a blind eye。
The second is the view of radical philosophy,bet365 bonus code pa is an important part of transforming labor equality,Is an important starting point for improving capitalist society。They use bet365 bonus code pa as the content of social reform,While making capital production relations eternal,Attempt to violently eliminate the means of capital exploitation such as commodities、Currency, etc.,such as economic radical reform。Proudhonism proposes interest-free credit、Bank reform and measures such as “issuing hourly coupons”,Just as Marx criticized Dalimon,Dalimonists do not understand the essential relationship between money and commodities,Because "hour coupons are contrary to all commodities,Represents a conceptual labor time”。The radical transcendence of anarchism,They intend to eliminate the government’s power interference,Making bet365 bonus code pa a prerequisite for free communication,Achieve fair and equal wage income,Destroy country forms related to working days。Bakunin believes that "everything must be destroyed,And especially and above all the destruction of property and its inevitable consequences - the state"。Romantic Reflections on Mutualism,They believe that bet365 bonus code pa can be a form of mutual aid,But as long as the competition mechanism on working days is eliminated。The more typical one is Kropotkin’s theory of mutual aid,Aid intended to eliminate competition and preserve mutual benefit,"Whether it is in the animal kingdom or in humans,Competition is not the rule”,Wait。
But the problem is,These theoretical thoughts,Because it has not risen to the level of criticism of modern capital,Then these reflections only stop at the empirical demonstration and theoretical confirmation of optimizing capital production during bet365 bonus code pa。Including Smith、Proudhon and others due to their class stance and ideological stance,Not really facing modern capital issues,It is easy to conclude that working days are conducive to the growth of social wealth、Optimize class interests、Conclusions such as improving class confrontation。
bet365 bonus code pa research field
Only Marx truly launched the most thorough criticism of the modern working day。First of all, what is a working day?Economists easily confuse working days with wage days,So much so that Senior proposed to "shorten the last hour",Naive assertion to eliminate capital exploitation。Then,What is a working day?bet365 bonus code pa is capital’s labor commodity as the “material cause”,Continuously absorbing and occupying the latter's life time,The time process of converting it into surplus value。This time process is the sum of necessary labor time and surplus labor time。
bet365 bonus code pa realizes capital appreciation through two basic ways: First, the time logic of bet365 bonus code pa,Absolutely extend workers’ working hours,To obtain absolute residual value,Therefore, capital’s “only concern is to maximize the use of labor power in a working day”;The second is the technical logic of working days,It uses scientific and technological means and management mechanisms,Breaking through the social boundaries of bet365 bonus code pa and the physiological boundaries of workers,The purpose is to limit the life time of workers,Relatively extended remaining labor time,Maximize the release of production time that creates surplus value,Create more surplus value for capital。So,bet365 bonus code pa forms a strange and cruel social phenomenon: the bourgeoisie can freely control social production time,Guarantee the free development time of this class。The reason,“In a capitalist society,One class enjoys free time,It’s because all the people’s living time has been converted into labor time”。Oppose it,The proletariat becomes increasingly miserable due to bet365 bonus code pa,Time design and technical means that are highly subject to the logic of capital proliferation。Anyway,Their physical fate and survival time,With the automatic production process of large-scale machine industry,Increasingly controlled precisely by capital: life time is highly abstracted into measurable machine production time,Being absorbed into the social mechanism of capital exploitation;The spiritual world has been extremely materialized into a precise procedure for commodity production,Formation includes commodity fetishism、Currency fetishism and capital fetishism, etc.。
Marx’s social production scene of bet365 bonus code pa in "Das Kapital"、Detailed examination of social content and theoretical nature,Specify its philosophical nature。
First, the specific display of the production scene: the capitalist bet365 bonus code pa is the time regulation of capital’s control of the body。The purpose of capital control of working days is to materialize the proletariat,Intended to obtain excess residual value。Capital transforms the life form of workers into an industrial body running machines,Forcing workers to continuously contribute their life time,To ensure the rapid operation of large machines。At the same time,With the blessing of working days,The shaping mechanism and coercive system of capital production,Promote the rapid transformation of the natural order of survival into the order of industrial automation and even intelligent production,Focus on the time planning and technical settings of capital’s exploitation of labor。
The second is the detailed expression of social content: bet365 bonus code pa is the social time of the logic of capital expansion。The logic of capital expansion is essentially capital’s desire for power to dominate the life and time of the proletariat,“Capital is the all-dominating economic power of bourgeois society”。First,Desire for possession of proletarian life time。Early working days are extended indefinitely,The purpose is to satisfy the logic of capital and occupy the life time of the proletariat to the maximum extent。Such as Joseph Townsend、William Temple、Fletcher、George Berkeley and John Locke both advocated letting children work early,As Locke appealed,“You can start working at the ‘mature age’ of 3 years old”,To satisfy the desire for capital growth。Secondly,The desire to dominate the proletarian body。The logic of capital allows arbitrary disposal and exploitation of the body contents of the proletariat through bet365 bonus code pa。For example, the purpose of the early workhouses was to legally force the proletariat to complete the task of body transformation,Enable capital to freely dominate the body of the proletariat。Finally,Desire for accumulation of surplus value。The purpose of capital production is value appreciation,Enable yourself to continuously expand and reproduce,In this way, we must constantly absorb the life time of the proletariat。This can easily be understood as the external contradiction between machines and working days: machines serve as technical conditions for shortening working days,But it is converted into a means of control for capital to achieve growth;The inherent contradiction is the strict confrontation between capital expansion and proletarian free time。
The third is the scientific display of the theoretical nature: in terms of the nature of economic philosophy,Working days are the logical possession of capital、The time range and technical settings that govern and control workers’ lives。System design of working days as production time,Deeply integrated into the power mechanism of capital proliferation,Intended to forcefully exploit the surplus labor time of the proletariat,To achieve unlimited capital growth。Therefore,In the roar of machine production during bet365 bonus code pa,The social images of capitalists and workers are completely different,“The original possessor of money as a capitalist,Move forward with your head held high;The possessor of labor power as his worker,Following behind。A smiling face,Ambitious;A trembling person,Hold back,Like selling one’s skin in the market,There is only one future - let others tan”。
Focus on conflicts during bet365 bonus code pa days
There were many such legal texts and research reports in Marx’s era,Such as "Act Amending Factory Labor Regulations (August 5, 1850)" "Factory Inspector's Report。October 31, 1858" (London Edition), etc.。The legal form of working days cannot really solve social conflicts。Despite the blessing of the law,Workers can enjoy more rest time。But this does not mean that bet365 bonus code pa can be used as a technical guarantee for improving capital exploitation。"Das Kapital" believes,bet365 bonus code pa is just a social design for capital to exploit labor,As long as it does not rise to the level of principle of criticizing capital,Then bet365 bonus code pa must show the time mechanism and technical means of capital power。
bet365 bonus code pa demonstrates the inherent contradictions of the capitalist world: bet365 bonus code pa contains the dual content of the civilization and negativity of capital。The "Communist Manifesto" shows this inherent contradiction in bold lines,"Das Kapital" further confirms this contradictory content through the criticism of bet365 bonus code pa。On the one hand,Working days use new technological means to break up high levels of personal dependence,Highlight the important content of labor time to realize the self-verification of life,Content that highlights the civility of modern working days。Capital creates a large amount of social wealth and liberation content through working days,Allows workers to have more time to participate in social practice that has the potential to develop in an all-round way,such as leisure consumption、Art Exchange、Sharing culture, etc.。Working days have the potential to increase workers’ social participation,Free elements that enhance life activities,Provide social content and time support for the free and comprehensive development of human beings。On the other hand,bet365 bonus code pa is just a time exploitation mechanism under the control of capital,Continuously amplifying the inherent negativity of capital。The negativity of capital is to create its own "gravedigger"。Capital exploitation will inevitably lead to the accumulation of poverty of capital and the accumulation of poverty of labor,Infinite expansion due to the system design of working days,In turn intensifying conflicts and confrontation、Cause social revolution。
Critical bet365 bonus code pa on Workdays
With the rise of digital economy,Digital capital is getting farther and farther away from bet365 bonus code pa,Continuously transform the mechanism form of capital exploitation, that is, the digital working day。On the one hand,Digital survival through digital labor forms,Become a technical form that dominates production,So digital labor dissolves the institutional appearance and technical limitations of the traditional working day,Making bet365 bonus code pa more and more distant from the social living space;On the other hand,Human survival procedures become more digital、Virtualization,Even illusory,So humans have a new working model that resists the traditional working day,No longer seems to be bound by the alienation program shaped by bet365 bonus code pa。Modern new humans can escape from the workday,Enter the subjective imagination、Interactive design and new production space with free access。So,Such as game surfing、Personalized customization、Smart Internet、Virtual aesthetics and digital sharing, etc.,All of them highlight the “fact”: bet365 bonus code pa has been completely eliminated by digital existence,Transformed into a poetic imagination。
In fact,The digital workday still serves as a social regulation,deeply embedded in the social operating mechanism。Digital survival makes the workday more automated、Acceleration and generalization,“People are at work all the time” has become the current way of life,That is, it allows people's entire life time to be transformed into social production time invisibly,Workers become essentially subordinate "useless proletariat" in the new working world。At the same time,The digital workday is more efficient than the traditional workday、Forcibly absorb the worker’s life time at an extremely fast rate,Comprehensive transformation of life time into new workday content。So,This digital working day still belongs to the category of working days: as long as it is subject to the temporal content of capital expansion,All belong to the overall planning of bet365 bonus code pa。
Therefore, for cracking the intelligent illusion of "workday dissolution",Marx’s critique of bet365 bonus code pa remains valid。"Das Kapital" believes,Only the elimination of capital,Only in this way can the working days loaded on capital production be truly eliminated,In order to eliminate the huge gap between labor time and development time,The historical process of realizing the transformation of labor time into free development time。In other words,bet365 bonus code pa contains civilized content - the design of bet365 bonus code pa is undoubtedly an important initiative in the history of human civilization,A social form that demonstrates the possibility of freedom and equality;But only capital control working days,Whether it is a traditional working day or a digital working day,It will inevitably become the system design and time regulation of surplus value exploitation。So on the one hand,"Das Kapital" highly activates this social fact,In today’s highly developed socialist market economy,bet365 bonus code pa still has the technological advantage to unlock human wealth creation,Can provide material guarantee for mankind to move towards a new society。On the other hand,"Das Kapital" promotes such a critical space: only the final elimination and end of capital,To dismantle the negative content of bet365 bonus code pa,Turn bet365 bonus code pa into a free and comprehensive leisure time and development time,In this way, the historical mission of bet365 bonus code pa will be completed。
(The author is an associate professor bet365 bonus code pa School of Marxism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
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