2019 is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China，It is also the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia。After 70 years of development，Sino -Russian comprehensive strategic collaboration partnerships enter the best period of history。Economic and trade cooperation is an important part of China -Russia relations，It is an important guarantee for the common prosperity and development of the two countries。Looking forward to the future，Sino -Russian economic and trade cooperation is facing huge development opportunities，There is also a series of challenges，Need to continue innovative ideas，Digging potential，Convert the unprecedented high -level political relations between the two countries into the results of pragmatic cooperation，Realize the quality increase and balanced development of economic and trade cooperation。

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Sino -Russian pragmatic cooperation covers economic and trade、Investment、Finance、Energy、Technology、Agriculture、Infrastructure Construction、Local cooperation and other fields。In recent years，The scope of economic and trade cooperation between the two countries continues to expand，The level of cooperation is continuously improved。As of now，China has maintained the status of Russia's largest trading partner for 9 consecutive years。2018，Sino -Russian trade volume exceeds $ 100 billion for the first time，Creating a new high in history，increase to 27.1%，The growth rate ranks first among the top ten trading partners in China。

2016-2018，Russia has maintained the status of China's largest crude oil supply source for three consecutive years。2018，Russia's export of crude oil to China is 71.49 million tons，nearly 20 % increased from 2017，The proportion of the total amount of crude oil exports and Chinese crude oil imports in Russia reached about 15%，Form a certain degree of energy interdependence。Agriculture becomes a new highlight of China -Russia cooperation。2017，China has become Bet365 app download the largest food importer in Russia。2018，Food and agricultural raw materials become the third largest product of Russia exports to China，Sino -Russian agricultural product trade value reached 5.23 billion US dollars，Become a prominent highlight of bilateral trade。Except for agricultural products trade，Agricultural Development、Long industrial chain cooperation is also actively carrying out。In the field of service trade，2018 China -Russia realized service trade amount 17.59 billion US dollars，increased by nearly 1 times year -on -year。Sino -Russian cross -border e -commerce trade volume exceeds 5 billion US dollars，China has become Russia's largest e -commerce trading partner。In the field of infrastructure，Sino -Russian cross -border channel construction orderly advance，After many years of consultation、Planning and Construction，Tongjiang — Below Ningskuye Railway Bridge、Heihe -Blagowevsk Highway Bridge completed He Long in the first half of 2019。The completion of the Jiehe Railway Bridge and Highway Bridge of the two countries，It will make the connection of Northeast China and the Far East of Russia more closely，It is conducive to the sustainable development of China -Russia economy and trade。Sino -Russian production capacity cooperation also made breakthroughs，Moscow Metro Tunnel, undertaken by China Railway, has been completed，During the construction process, the shield machine independently designed and developed by China。This is not only the first time Russia introduced foreign companies in subway construction，It is also Chinese technology、Equipment and construction team advanced to the European subway market for the first time，Become a model for China and Russia to carry out production capacity cooperation。Under the increasingly close background of the two countries，Sino -Russian financial cooperation rapid development，The scope of cooperation is continuously expanded，The level of cooperation gradually deepen，The cooperation method is also constantly innovating，Especially in the cooperation mechanism、Capital settlement、Cash for cash、Cross -border financing、Active progress has been made in the UnionPay card payment，RMB has entered bet365 live casino games the Russian reserve currency basket，Industrial and Commercial Bank of China has been allowed to conduct RMB settlement business in Russia。

Generally speaking，After more than 20 years of development，China and Russia have become highly complementary、Interdependent economic partners，Sino -Russian economic and trade cooperation has entered the development expressway，Prospects are available。

　　Sino -Russian economic and trade development opportunities and challenges coexist

Current，The world is in a big change，The international pattern is accelerating consolidation，The world economy is still in a deep adjustment period，The trend and policy orientation of major economies continues to differentiate，Geopolical factors are more prominent，Local turbulence here，International peace and regional security facing challenges。Under the international change，Fundamental changes in the external environment of China -Russia economic and trade cooperation，Both countries are under severe sanctions and suppression of the United States，The uncertainty and even resistance brought by the external environment continues to rise。

Under the international change，Sino -Russian economic and trade development opportunities and challenges coexist。In the just -concluded President Xi Jinping's state visit to Russia，Sino -Russian parties jointly signed two joint statements and 23 cooperation agreements or memo，From it, we can generally see the opportunities and main areas of future cooperation。

First，Energy cooperation will still play the role of the locomotive。Energy cooperation is the heaviest weight among the cooperation between the two countries、The most achievements、The wide range of areas。Due to China Petroleum、Reality and the existence of long -term crude oil supply contracts increased in natural gas demand，The scale of oil and gas trade between China and Russia will continue to remain at a high level。Current，Sino -Russian energy cooperation has expanded to above、Middle、downstream entire industry chain，On large projects in the field of oil and gas，China and Russia each take what they need，Is a win -win cooperation，There is no possibility that there is no significant steering。June 7，President Xi Jinping and President Putin attended the China Bet365 lotto review -Russia Energy Business Forum，Proposal to tap new potential，Promote the upgrade of China -Russia energy cooperation。And one day before，Sinopec has been with Russian Nuowakk、Russian Gas Bank signed an agreement on the establishment of a joint venture in China and the Chinese company to participate in the LNG projects of Novark in the Russian Arctic，The natural gas mined in this project will be supplied to Chinese consumers。Except for oil and gas projects，China Nuclear Industry Corporation signed the Xudabao Nuclear Power Station with Russian Atomic Group 3、Unit No. 4 Construction Agreement。Two units will be put into production in 2027 and 2028, respectively。The implementation of this project will effectively drive bilateral trade and industrial cooperation，Improving the scientific and technological content and level of practical cooperation between the two state -owned cooperation，Further deepen the integration of bilateral interests。

Next，Agricultural cooperation potential will be further released。Current，Sino -Russian agricultural cooperation positive degree over run -in period，Enter the project investment、Industry upgrade、New stage of rapid development。The Sino -US trade war provides new opportunities for Sino -Russian agricultural cooperation，Among the 23 cooperation agreements signed this time，6 copies related to the export of agricultural products。The Russian Federal Federal and Factory Health Supervision Bureau signed an agreement and memo with the China Customs General Administration and other departments，Solve Russian poultry meat、Dairy products、Soya、Market access of rapeseed oil exports to China。According to the Russian Soy Soy Federation estimate，In the next 5 years，Russia's export of soybeans on China may increase from 846,000 tons in 2018 to 10 million tons，The two parties will cooperate on the basis of expanding investment。

again，Small and medium -sized enterprises innovative cooperation space huge。Large project has always been a key area for China -Russia cooperation，SME cooperation potential needs to be excavated。Regardless of scientific and technological innovation、In terms of capacity cooperation，Bet365 app download Still carrying e -commerce、Create more employment opportunities、Provide supporting services for large enterprises、Reduce its production and operation costs，SMEs have their unique advantages。June 5，The Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Russian Ministry of Economic Development signed an agreement，Established Russian -China Science and Technology Innovation Fund for $ 1 billion from Russian Direct Investment Fund and China Investment Co., Ltd.。

Last，Service trade promotes further deepening bilateral economic and trade。In recent years，Financial、E -commerce、Travel、Transportation、The rapid development of Sino -Russian service trade represented by engineering contracting, etc.，Become a necessary condition for promoting the continuous deepening of bilateral economic and trade cooperation and even the economic transformation and upgrading of the two countries。With the development of the big project and the advancement of the "Belt and Road" multilateral cooperation，Service trade will maintain rapid development trend。

　　Promote the in -depth development of China -Russia economic and trade relations

President Xi Jinping pointed out: "Carrying out international cooperation cannot be separated from sincere mutual trust、Volunteer partners。Russia is China's largest neighbor and comprehensive strategic collaboration partner，It is also an important partner for cooperation in various fields。"under the leadership of the leaders of the two countries，Sino -Russian relations have entered a new stage of development。Sino -Russian economic and trade cooperation must be stable and far away，Still adhere to the top -level design，expansion field，Scientific Plan，Coordinated development。

First, further strengthen strategic mutual trust。In the trend of globalization、Trade protectionism、Unilateralist look up，The international situation is full of uncertain background and pressure，China and Russia want to hold a group heating，Borrowing each other for strength。Although the current Sino -Russian relations are in the best period of history，But various potential constraints are not eliminated，The future of China -Russia relations still needs to be carefully maintained and shaped by the two bet365 Play online games countries。The two countries need to focus on the long -term strategic needs of the future，Dynamic changes to adapting to the international and regional situation，Adapt to the domestic reform and development process of both parties，With new thinking、New methods and new paths promote the in -depth development of Sino -Russian relations，Forms deeper mutual benefit and win -win。The second is to optimize the cooperation mode。The advantages of the use of high -level exchanges between China and Russia and cooperation mechanisms in various fields，Strengthen the development strategy of the two countries，Improve the level and predictability of the institutional arrangement of China and Russia。Endogenous motivation to stimulate the actual cooperation between the two state -owned cooperation。Implementation of strategic projects、While consolidating cooperation in traditional fields，Deepen excavation potential，Continuously developing agricultural products trade、E -commerce、Local cooperation、New growth points such as Arctic Development，Promote cooperation upgrade。Third, insist on equal cooperation、and different、The principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences，​​Seek further cooperation in the field of consensus。Sino -Russian is a compound interdependence relationship，Due to the asymmetry of economic volume and international influence，In many cases, the demands of interests are not the same，In the future, the cooperation between the two parties should take the enterprise as the main body，market -oriented，The principle of adhering to mutual benefit，Comply with international traffic rules。The two sides seek the balance of interests in cooperation in various fields，Only complement and compromise with each other，can Chinese and Russian economic and trade cooperation be more flexible。Fourth is to innovate and improve the investment and financing mechanism，Increase investment cooperation。In the context of investment risks and financial risks,，Persist in the diversification of the source of financing，Vigorously develop industrial investment funds and regional equity and bond market construction，Actively bet365 live casino games attracts the credit financing of the International Financial Organization，Form multi -level、Multi -channel financing system。Five is to improve the investment environment and business environment，Strengthen the docking of market supervision rules。Policies and legal support provided by the other party should be relatively stable、Reasonable charges、Strict law enforcement，Create an investment environment that can protect the rights of investors。Improve the level of trade and investment convenience，Expand the mutual investment market access，Create good conditions for the economic and trade cooperation between the two parties。

　　(the author is a researcher at the Eastern European and Central Asian Institute of Russia of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)