Supply Chain Finance refers to regarding the core enterprises on the supply chain and its upstream and downstream supporting enterprises as a financial subject，The bank provides financing services for all companies on the entire industrial chain。Supply Chain Finance realized the transformation from bank credit from static evaluation to dynamic assessment，Breaking the credit rating in the traditional financial business、Mortgage Guarantee、Restrictions on credit approval，Can effectively solve the financing constraints of all companies on the supply chain。but，Supply Chain Finance involves many subjects，Complex business process，Financing links depend on each other，problems occur in any link may involve other links，Then affect the normal operation of the entire supply chain。

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Supply Chain Finance requires all corporate cooperation in the bank and the supply chain system。Banks must not only pay attention to the production process of credit -granted companies、Business mode、Market Quotes，It is necessary to pay attention to whether the core enterprises in the supply chain system and the upstream and downstream supporting enterprises have certain stability，Starting from the perspective of managing the entire supply chain，Explore the risks that may contain the business links of the supply chain。

　　First is the credit risk of core enterprises.The core enterprise in the supply chain is integrating information flow、Fund flow、Key characters of product flow，It represents the core value of the entire supply chain。The operating status of core enterprises、Development prospects directly affect upstream and downstream supporting companies。Banks are mainly based on core enterprises' credit increase in the credit chain upstream and downstream supporting enterprises。If a credit crisis appears in the core enterprise，The chain reaction will inevitably form，As the supply chain spreads to upstream and downstream supporting enterprises，Then endanger the overall security of supply chain finance。Credit risks of core enterprises mainly include: first，Whether the guarantee capacity of core enterprises can support the financing risk of the entire supply chain，Once the credit guarantee is formed or liabilities exceed the limit of core enterprises，It will definitely lead to a crisis of redemption in the entire supply chain system; second，When there is a problem with the development of the entire industrial chain，Core enterprises may use its strong position in the supply chain，Requires upstream and downstream supporting companies to obtain financing to banks，so that the bank is facing malicious credit risk。

　　Followed by the authenticity of business activities.Supply Chain Financial Business，A account receivables formed by the bank's use of upstream and downstream enterprise transactions、Prepaid account、Inventory as pledge，Provide financing services to related companies。The real transaction relationship between the upstream and downstream enterprises of the supply chain is the basis for the bank to develop the supply chain financial business，Self -compensation is a significant feature of supply chain finance。If the supply chain upstream and downstream supporting enterprises are fictional transactions, malicious sets of bank credit，The existence of account receivables for credit enterprises、Questions of legality，or pledged property ownership and quality flaws，It will inevitably pose a major threat to the security of bank loans。The supply chain financial risk event that has occurred in recent years，The common characteristics are all the authenticity of business activities，Forge basic contracts in account receivable financing business、Invoice、Shipping single sets of bank credit occur from time to time.。

　　Once again, it is the bank's internal operation risk.The innovation of supply chain finance is to incorporate the warehouse bill and logistics process into the scope of pledge，Involved in capital flow、Information flow、Commodity flow in core enterprises、Supporting Enterprise、Transmission and circulation between third -party logistics companies，This will inevitably lead to participating subjects、Increase in the working session。In this background，The internal operation risk of the bank's credit on the supply chain will inevitably increase。The internal operation risk of the bank mainly includes: first，fluctuations in the market price of pledged objects、Quality affected by seasonal factors may cause damage to its value，Insufficient pledge guarantee; second，Bank staff may have a moral risk of operating errors or cheating fraud，The value of over -assessment of pledged objects，Credit to bank credit brings greater risks。

　　Finally, the risk of regulatory logistics enterprises.In order to effectively reduce the cost and risk of pledge management，When the bank is developing the supply chain financial business，Generally not ownership of the pledged object、Quality、Transaction activities and other information for direct dynamic supervision，Instead of outsourcing it to a third -party logistics company，The supervision of pledged objects on behalf of third -party logistics companies。In this case，There is an agency relationship between the bank and the third -party logistics enterprise，Due to information asymmetry，It is easy to induce the regulatory risk of third -party logistics enterprises。Third -party logistics companies may conspire with the credit company for their own interests，Make behavior that harms the interests of the bank，or due to the lack of professional technology、Improper operation、Unpleasant supervision and other factors lead to losses in pledged objects。

　2. Supply chain financial risk management and control strategy

Supply Chain Finance has a guarantee property、Fund supply structure、Specific use of funds、Participate the characteristics of the subject diversification。Compared to the traditional credit business，The technical means used in supply chain financial risk management and control are more complicated。Banks must adhere to the principle of real trading background，Do a good job of due diligence，From access system、Operation Regulations、Prank screening、Third -party logistics enterprise supervision and other aspects of comprehensive strategy，Comprehensively strengthen the supply chain financial risk management and control。

　　First, we must effectively strengthen access management.Supply Chain Finance is a comprehensive credit business carried out from the entire supply chain perspective on the entire supply chain.，Therefore, we must combine the overall operating status of the supply chain and the business capabilities of each participating entity、Performance situation、Make a comprehensive and objective assessment of development prospects，Effectively build the supply chain financial business access system。First，The operating status of core enterprises should be、Credit grade accurately evaluate，Based on the credit level of core enterprises to judge whether it is to conduct financing services for companies on the entire supply chain。2，To objectively evaluate the credit status of upstream and downstream supporting companies in the supply chain，Can't just rely on the credit growth of core enterprises to blindly relax the credit access standard，Choose close cooperation with core enterprises、Main business prominent、Good supporting companies with good credit records for credit。

　　Second, we must formulate operating procedures scientifically.The operation link and process of supply chain finance are more complicated than traditional credit business，Banks need to formulate scientific detailed operating procedures for the supply chain financial business，Establish a sound credit investigation and verification system、Credit dynamic grading system、Customer data collection system and other related system，Effectively prevent the moral risk of internal staff。Banks need to strengthen the control of cash flow of credit companies，It must be required to set up a special fund management account for credit enterprises，Make sure the loan fund is closed and runs，Prevent funds from misappropriation。At the same time，Must require third -party logistics companies to establish a sound pledged object to enter the library、Shipping、Operation rules for inventory and daily supervision，Effectively improve the level of warehouse management，Eliminating the inventory of credit -granting enterprises will be charged for the second time、Make up the risk of replenishment when picking up the goods。

　　Third, strictly screen pledge.The pledge in the supply chain financial business is a material guarantee for bank credit，Its monetization ability is a factor that the bank must focus on the credit business。Banks must be with professional asset evaluation agencies、Third -party logistics companies strengthen cooperation，The realization of the campaign、Objective assessment of market value，Carefully choose pledged objects，Ensure that the realization of pledged assets。For inventory pledge，It should be required to have a good inventory.、Easy to store、Clear ownership、Strong monetization ability，Pay special attention to the price or quality of the pledged objects. In the next period of time, a large risk of changes may be changed。For creditor's pledge，The confirmation of the account receivable must be fully complete，It shall fully investigate various original files corresponding to the pledge assets，Make sure the authenticity of the trading scenario，Payment obligation to effectively implement the payment responsible person。

　Fourth to improve the supervision and inspection mechanism.Supply Chain Financial Business，Banks use third -party logistics companies to regulate the supervision of pledges to achieve the connection between commodity flow and capital flow。Third -party logistics enterprises have the exit of the entire supply chain upstream and downstream enterprise inventory、Enter the library、Dynamic information in transportation and other aspects，Supervisor of the inventory、The role of the intermediate and the information center。So，Effectively prevent regulatory risks of third -party logistics companies is particularly important。Banks must establish and improve the supervision and inspection mechanism of third -party logistics companies，Parade the third -party logistics enterprise from time to time; it is also necessary for banks to establish a dynamic selection mechanism for third -party logistics companies，Resolutely clear up logistics companies that are not in place for pledged materials。

(Author Unit: Academy of Accounting, Hunan Institute of Finance and Economics)