If the emergence of modernization theory in the 1950s and 1960s is taken as a symbol of the formation of bet365 games sociology,So since the late 20th century,In the process of continuous questioning and criticism of modernization theory and developmentalism,The new bet365 games theory has formed a relatively heavy theoretical accumulation。Especially in recent years, the unprecedented and complex evolution trend of global bet365 games caused by changes in the globalization process around the world and the epidemic of the new coronavirus pneumonia,Makes the world bet365 games pattern face huge uncertainty。At the same time,A major developing country with profound cultural heritage represented by China,Facing great changes unseen in a century,Proposed a new bet365 games stage、New bet365 games concept、New bet365 games pattern and other new bet365 games theories,Promote the new bet365 games practice with the country as the main body to a new historical stage。Use this as background,Traditional disciplinary system of bet365 games sociology、Academic System、The discourse system needs to be updated urgently,New bet365 games sociology is about to emerge。On the basis of efforts to respond to changes in the contemporary world order,Many researchers strive to promote the bet365 games of the sociology discipline system and the transformation of the discourse system,Exhibit strong ability to interpret and respond to reality,To a certain extent, it breaks through the limitations of the existing bet365 games research paradigm,New theoretical systems and research paradigms emerge at the historic moment。As an emerging branch of sociology,“New bet365 games Sociology” Discipline System、Academic System、The construction of the discourse system involves the expansion of subject research objects、Establishment of discipline theory support system、Adjustment and conversion of research topics、Refinement of multiple bet365 games models and case systems、The establishment of a characteristic theoretical analysis framework and the study and judgment of the operating trends of human society and many other major issues,Becoming the key to realizing the transformation from bet365 games sociology to new bet365 games sociology。
一,About the expansion of research objects in new bet365 games sociology。The beginning of bet365 games sociology,This established the disciplinary research goal of taking the "bet365 games" of developing countries as the specific research object。This has caused bet365 games sociology to be regarded as a typical "sociology of developing countries" for a long time。However, due to the inherent correlation between the bet365 games processes of developed and developing countries,And the gradual integration of the bet365 games of countries around the world under the background of modernization and globalization,This makes it difficult for bet365 games studies in the early stages of developmental sociology to focus on developing countries to explain complex bet365 games-related phenomena,It cannot cover the real evolution process of world social bet365 games,The research objects and research paradigms of its disciplines need to be adjusted accordingly。As a discipline that aims to explore the laws and experience patterns of social bet365 games after humans enter modern industrial society,New bet365 games sociology must of course focus on developing countries。However,Repeatedly creating bet365 games miracles in late-developing countries、In the historical context of successive rises,Developed countries in the process of postmodern bet365 games,Also began to face a series of new bet365 games problems and dilemmas,Naturally it should also be included in the scope of research。In addition,The new sociology of bet365 games should also go beyond the existing sociology to develop early、Analysis framework of late-developing countries,Focus on the overall topic of "global bet365 games" from a holistic perspective。September 2021,President Xi Jinping proposed the "Global bet365 games Initiative" for the first time at the United Nations,Emphasis on giving priority to bet365 games、Adhere to the people-centered approach、Adhere to inclusiveness、Insist on innovation-driven、Adhere to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature、Adhere to action orientation,Advocate to build a global bet365 games community with a shared future,Causing strong response from the international community。The "Global bet365 games Report" released in June 2022 also pointed out,Next 10 years,Although the forces of anti-globalization will continue to rise one after another,But the basic trend of changes in the balance of global power will not change,Emerging markets and developing countries will continue to rise,Constitute the most noteworthy new bet365 games force in the field of global bet365 games。New bet365 games sociology needs to pay close attention to this,Realize new expansion of disciplines。
Second,Renewal and reconstruction of the theoretical support system of the newly developed sociology discipline。If the main goal of bet365 games sociology at the beginning was to explore and refine the rapid industrialization and urbanization of developing countries、The bet365 games experience and model to achieve modernization,Then the core task of new bet365 games sociology can be expressed as: in realizing industrialization、Based on urbanization,Further seeking balanced economic-social bet365 games with the balanced bet365 games of urban and rural areas as the core content。While economic bet365 games,Highlight the orderliness of bet365 games、Sociality、Ecological、Cultural。In the genealogy of developmental theory,The composition of the new bet365 games theory is relatively complex and rich,His many views on new developments, although expressed in different ways,But what they have in common is,Emphasizes that the social bet365 games of developing countries should explore a bet365 games path suitable for their own national conditions,Form a bet365 games model with its own characteristics,His views are worthy of our serious study。In a nutshell,New bet365 games sociology established based on new bet365 games theory and innovative bet365 games practices of developing countries,The problems it faces are more complex,Mainly including globalization and anti-globalization、Ecological Civilization and Social bet365 games、Theories related to network society、The future of bet365 games、The theory of balanced urban and rural bet365 games、New bet365 games policies, etc.,Need to construct a theory of integrated bet365 games、A new discipline system of bet365 games sociology that integrates bet365 games policy and bet365 games practice。
Third,Changes in the world’s bet365 games pattern drive the transformation of research themes。New bet365 games sociology in the process of building a theoretical system,Theoretical difficulties that must be overcome are mainly reflected in the following two aspects。First,Rewriting of the “Traditional-Modern” Relationship Theory。The traditional bet365 games view of sociology of bet365 games,Facing the reality that developed countries in Europe and America take the lead in realizing modernization,Developing countries can only abandon their own traditions,In order to achieve modernization。It is based on this theoretical assumption,Some developing countries are in the process of modernizing,Often triggers fierce anti-traditionalism,Trigger serious social consequences。Overall,A developing country with a long history of civilization and rich cultural heritage,To achieve real bet365 games,We must face up to its traditional value,In this way, the creative transformation and transformation of its tradition can be achieved。Therefore,New bet365 games sociology should place its own ideological and cultural traditions within the larger system of world civilization,Re-evaluate yourself,And strive to creatively transform it into a positive factor that promotes social bet365 games。For developing countries,With changes in the international situation,Some traditional factors can play a role as a deep "boost" for modernization,It is difficult to summarize with simple positive and negative propositions。In addition,Enter the 21st century,The relationship between globalization and localization has undergone new changes worthy of attention,Globalization has not brought the process of localization to an end,On the contrary, localization is activated。Therefore,How to bring the concept of cultural capital into the social bet365 games evaluation system,Reactivate traditional culture,Achieve a continuous bet365 games,Become the core goal pursued by the new bet365 games sociology。Second,Re-evaluation of outbound and inbound analysis models。bet365 games sociology analyzes the modernization process of developing countries based on the "traditional-modern" dichotomy,The most direct conclusion is to summarize its bet365 games process into two types: "endogenous" and "exogenous",Thus forming a relatively solidified bet365 games model,This ignores the “endogenous power” of developing countries。The new bet365 games sociology believes that,The initiation of modernization of later-developing societies is not just about imitating the modernization of early-developing societies,But based on the tradition of one's own society,Develop a bet365 games route suitable for one’s own social conditions,Also possesses the power of “inner bet365 games”。This type of endogenous bet365 games is considered to be the opposite of exogenous bet365 games,Focus more on bottom-up participation,A bet365 games model that generates sustainable bet365 games capabilities。
Fourth,Transformation from “bet365 games model” to “bet365 games model hierarchy”。Everyone knows,Model research in bet365 games sociology is mainly carried out based on developing countries or regions,Focus on the macro-strategic perspective,Emphasize the universality and replicability of the model,Ignoring the hierarchical nature of the bet365 games model and the objectivity of the empirical basis。This does not emphasize enough subnational “local” and “individual actors”,Thus showing obvious emptiness。In the creation of the bet365 games model of new bet365 games sociology,Emphasize that we cannot just focus on the macro structure and general laws of model operation,Special attention should be paid to the empirical nature of the model,To establish the compatibility and complex relationship between the model and the local society in which it is located。Especially the research on "pattern hierarchy" rooted in the classification of multiple types of patterns,Mainly includes the macro bet365 games model with the country as the unit、The meso-level bet365 games model with regions as the unit and the micro-level bet365 games model with “individual actors” as the unit。Through the transformation from "bet365 games model" to "bet365 games model hierarchy",To provide bet365 games research with more solid theoretical and empirical support,Promote the sociology of new bet365 games from general "principles and definitions" to empirical research rooted in local experience case systems,Realize the transformation and upgrading of sociological research on new bet365 games。
Fifth,The substantial connection between new bet365 games theory and bet365 games policy。In the disciplinary system of developing sociological tradition,“bet365 games policy” mostly refers to the policy planning and implementation process with demonstration and assistance from outside developing countries,What it highlights is the role of external forces。And from the perspective of the new bet365 games sociology discipline,It highlights the “top-down” implementation process of policies led by the state,Emphasis on the close connection between policy and theory。In general,Theory often comes from bet365 games experience,It is a theoretical summary and abstract refinement of policy practice。And the formulation of many policies,Also often requires the support of a certain school of bet365 games theory。As in the theoretical perspective of developmentalism,Its bet365 games policy focuses on integrating developmentalism into the specific process of policy formulation and implementation,One-sided emphasis on the universality of the experience of the first modernizing countries。The bet365 games policy under the perspective of new bet365 games sociology focuses on the correction and criticism of developmentalism,Combining the historical traditions and realistic situations of non-Western countries,Emphasize the locality and locality of its bet365 games,And strive to achieve balanced economic and social bet365 games through policy intervention。Anyway,New bet365 games sociology must play an important role in the field of bet365 games research with a new attitude,We must first develop theory、Make your own explorations in terms of model selection and policy system,Form a practical and characteristic analysis framework composed of "theory-model-policy"。
Sixth,Research and judgment on the complexity of the bet365 games trend of human society。Long time,bet365 games sociology shows a linear view of bet365 games with strong certainty。Divide a country’s economic and social bet365 games process into traditional social stages、Preparing to take off、Take-off phase、Towards the mature stage、The mass consumption stage and the process beyond the mass consumption stage,The process is often highly deterministic and irreversible。In this bet365 games curve,We are seeing an ongoing、Determined straight-line rising process。Some scholars summarize this view of bet365 games as based on "structural rationality",Through "abstraction-integration" at the normative level and "rationality-calculation" at the operational level,Thus achieving a “certain pursuit” of bet365 games。But in reverse globalization、Under the direct impact of risks such as the epidemic of the century,The uncertainty of bet365 games gradually becomes more prominent,Has a great impact on the deterministic picture of traditional bet365 games sociology。In addition,Long time,The academic community seems to have paid more attention to the normal operation of human society,Ignore the abnormal operating conditions。In recent years,Based on the changes in the globalization process and the epidemic of COVID-19 as the background,Human beings seem to have a more complex and profound understanding of the true functioning of current society。How to re-understand the complexity and uncertainty of the bet365 games of human society,It has become a new topic faced by the newly developed sociological theory。
(The author is a professor at the School of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Jilin University)
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