Pursuing the origin of the source，Italy's sociology is the same as China.。In the struggle of the legalization of the subject，Sociology in Italy has been accused of bragging and exaggerating American theory，Regardless of its supporters or critics，No exception to look at it as an imported product。Introduction to the development of the subject of social science in Italy，Watch the stone of its mountain，Tudes this discipline dynamics from the Mediterranean -South European countries，To compare and deeply understand the development trajectory and process of sociology in my country。

Just as many scholars' predictions，Italian sociology has a brilliant origin、Complicated past and abnormal contradictions。Paibita and Mosca, well -known Social scientists in Italy, have advocated "elite cycle theory"，Putting the Gini of the Gini coefficient，Olivetti and Ferrarotti。Now，Well -known social scholars active on the world stage are also many Italians，Such as the chairman of the International Work Education Alliance Anna Maria Camppani。From the world's perspective，The comprehensive strength of a southern European country's sociological discipline is evident。But，Since Parsons，The focus of international science began to move from Europe to the United States，Many theories and methods are also blindly "the most dazzling American style"。Next，Let's put their attention to the sociology of this Mediterranean -Southern European country，Focus on academic journals、Disciplinary education, school, and associations to spy and understand its disciplines。

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There are three major publishing groups in Italy to jointly promote the development of sociology，great contributions in the introduction of foreign theory and discipline self -construction。First，Odizioni Di Comunita, the publishing company of Oliveti, is the largest sociology publishing company in Italy，In the field of academic publication, it has always been in a pioneer。A series of popular and elite readers published by the agency，Including Dirkim、Weber、Man Ham、Berkell's classic works。Here is also a grand show of Italian sociologists for a time，In addition to publishing the research results of Oliveti himself，It also includes the works of some well -known scholars，Religious sociological work of "ACquaviva)" The Holy Sun Eastern in Industrial Civilization "、Gallino's "Economic and Industrial Sociology Survey"。As the second largest publishing house，Mulino translation and publishing Parsons's "Structure of Social Action"、Morton's "Social Theory and Social Structure" and a series of works from Razhafield。Galler, who claims to be "Pasonist", handed over the "Social System" he translated to Olivetty's company。The third major publishing house is einaudi，This agency has a clear left -wing tendency，Italian communist thinker、The General Secretary of the Communist Party of Italy Grandi's "Notes in Prison" is issued by this publisher。Many of its editors are well -known Italian Communist Party literati。other，It also promoted many scholars of the Frankfurt School such as Malkasa、The works of Hawkheimer and Adono。Others worthy of attention are Weber sociological methodology writing、Gobman's "Shelter"。

At the same time，There are also a number of sociological academic journals that bet365 Play online games have performed outstandingly in Italy，such as "Quaderni Di Sociology)、"Sociology and Social Studies"、"Bellettino Delle Recerche Sociali)。The above -mentioned issues focus on the comprehensive development of the discipline，In addition，There are also some journals in the field of sub -disciplines，such as "Societa Urale) focuses on introducing agriculture、Rural、Research results in farmers。It can be said，These journals have laid an important structural factor for the establishment of a small circle of sociology，Most sociologists play an important role in academic journals，Editor or member of the editorial board。On the one hand，Scholars can build a subject alliance characterized by high degree of loyalty to small groups，They recommend academic agents and make them have a full right to speak in the distribution of symbolic capital in the circle。On the other hand，Scholars can also identify academic teams through journals，They are published，Especially published in specific publications，Establishing your own academic logo，Integrated and placed in a certain academic network。

　　Academic Research Center prepares for the School of Sociology

For a long period of time before World War II，The sociology of Italy is not an independent discipline，Although Gini and his team have a small amount of research on the academic activity of weight -level research，But due to the manipulation of fascist forces，Disciplinary development presents a vacuum state。Sociology first appeared as a basic course in the college，The professor of the course is mostly as a lecturer (Libero Docyte)。This position is not the formal position of the college，Similar to Privatdozent in Germany (German is a foreign lecturer)。

Social scholars were bet365 best casino games in the beginning (mainly some research centers) at the beginning (mainly some research centers)，Through these institutions，Scholars have begun to seek the expansion of the relationship between the network and the source of project funds。Different geographical location，A representative research institution mainly includes the following three。The first is Milan's National Social Security Center (CNPDS)。This center has a special status in Italian sociological research，Through the UNESCO、Academic Symposium on the Co -organized by the Mourino Association，There are a group of scholars for fans。The second is the IL Mulino Association (IL Mulino)。It has Catholic background，The founders are also mostly philosophical and law，Early academic activities concentrated on the cultural magazine of the same name。This association promotes the development of social science through attracting entrepreneurs，Publishing company based on the same name of the association，Created a series of sociological collection。Internal scholars within the Association refer to the academic division of labor at the School of Social Relations of Harvard University，With a clear research field and academic agent。The third is the Social Relations Office of Ivrea (Ufficio Relazione Sociali)。The association was founded by the Oliti Consortium，tend to be related to the development of sociology and modernization，Highlight the practical characteristics of Italian sociology。Core character Oliti himself also travels around the world to seek long -term cooperation between the agency and the outside world。These academic research centers have reserved a lot of sociologists，They accumulate academic and political networks，Prepare for the academicization of sociology。

bet365 live casino games The Department of Sociology has not been established in the first ten years after World War II，Until 1962 Terrano University established an independent Department of Sociology and began to grant a bachelor's degree in sociology。Since then，Sociology has taken a milestone step on the road of its discipline comprehensive legalization。After entering the academic circle of social scholars，The job system is a lifelong professor、Editor -in -chief lecturer、Non -final associate professor、Lifetime assistant teaching assistant and auxiliary teaching assistant。This traditional setting has also been criticized，giglioli (1979) describes it as "centralization and fragmentation of contradictions"，High centralization in form，Management pursues Balkanism but attaches importance to individualism。At this time, universities in other places only launch sociological courses in the School of Political Science, which just obtained autonomy，With Milan、Bologna、Akina and other universities have opened sociology majors，The academic employment market for social scholars has gradually opened。Social scholars have also begun to make comprehensive efforts in professionalization，Research Center、Academic Network、Academic journals、Professional research institutions and foreign cooperative relations with a solid foundation，Sociology in Italy slowly entered academic vision。

　　The school is in the change

1958，Italy established the Social Science Association，The purpose is to do sociology、Cultural anthropology and social psychology institutionalization。The establishment of the Italian Social Society has been postponed until 1979 before discussing and establishing the following year。to bet365 best casino games this day，Italian sociology scattered a number of academic camps and interest groups nationwide，It mainly contains three major genres。First of all, the local indigenous scholars in Milan and Turin，They brag about their own ancient Roman descent cultural nobles and have strong international connections。Followed by Ardigo, who is known as the "Father of Italian Sociology," and Catholic Sociologists represented by his followers，They are part of their missionaries，The works are mainly published in "Sociology and Social Studies"。Relying on the academic network of Adoko，This genre is mainly involved in humanistic research such as literature, history, philosophy、Daily life and reflection sociology。Finally, the applied school represented by Agnoli，Mainly study the labor market、Volkswagen spread、bureaucratic organizational structure and social policy、Medical sociology and other aspects。Different from the first two factions，Its spokesperson frequently changes and there are some unwritten internal internal informal rules。With the development of the times，Scholars of each genre are facing the road of academic professional development。Due to the changing academic network，Their publication strategy、Research methodology and scholars' practical role are undergoing subtle changes。

Tongguan's development of Italian sociology，Each stage and side is more like the arrangement of the time and place of people and people。Today's Italian Sociology，According to the Italian sociologist Kosu and Potarini，Just like Odyssey that is about to cross the Strait of Mexi，On the one hand, the scylla banshee，On the other side is the dangerous Charybdis vortex。Social scholars are facing academic or non -academicization、bet365 live casino games Theoretical reflection or application research、Sociology as a humanistic discipline or a multi -distinction of sociology as a sociology of social sciences。Multide，More social scholars in the new era make clear positioning。

　　(Author Unit: School of Humanities and Foreign Languages ​​of Qingdao University of Technology)