Basic research and applied research are two important components that are related to each other in philosophy and social science research，The former provides academic support for the latter，The latter provides a practical path for the former，Promoting the organic integration of the two is conducive to achieving better development for each。In this regard，As a leading figure in the restoration and reconstruction of Chinese sociology，bet365 premier league odds. Fei Xiaotong has set an excellent example for future generations in the academic world。

When he came back to regain the opportunity for academic research in the late 1970s，bet365 premier league odds. Fei, who is in his 70s, said，He only has ten dollars in his pocket，To gather together and buy something you love。This is to say，It will take the remaining ten years of my life to continue completing the two unfinished articles。These "two articles"，One article refers to the research on ethnic groups and border areas initiated by his 1935 Dayaoshan survey in Guangxi，The other article refers to the rural development research initiated by his 1936 Jiangcun Survey in Nanjiang。bet365 premier league odds. Fei not only used “ten yuan” to write “two articles”，I also made full use of the extra "more than ten yuan" to write the "third article" - proposing and advocating "cultural consciousness"，This is also his "last article" in his later years。"Three articles" written by bet365 premier league odds. Fei，Each article is a model case combining basic research and applied research。Limited to space，This article only takes "an article" on bet365 premier league odds. Fei's rural development research as an example，Let’s discuss his academic practice of organically integrating basic research and applied research。

　　Refining theory from empirical bet365 premier league odds

Summer vacation of 1936，bet365 premier league odds. Fei went to Kaixiangong Village (Jiangcun), Wujiang County, Jiangsu Province, where his sister Fei Dasheng is working in rural areas to recuperate，By the way, I did a month-long village survey。He was extremely impressed by the living conditions of local villagers who were "standing on the edge of starvation"，So much so that in the book "River Village Economy" published based on his doctoral thesis, he concluded that "the real problem in China's rural areas is the problem of people's hunger"。Always a land of plenty、Jiangnan Village, famous as the hometown of silk，Why did we end up like this？bet365 premier league odds. Fei started with a special arrangement in local land ownership (the land is divided into two layers: bottom and surface) and the large presence of non-landownership，Go deeper step by step。Local farmers have been engaged in family silk industry for thousands of years，The silk industry is the main source of income after agriculture，But when bet365 premier league odds. Fei conducted the investigation，Due to the plummeting export and price of handicraft silk silk，The traditional cottage industry has collapsed。Farmers whose income has dropped sharply have no choice but to turn to municipal funds for assistance，The other side of the inflow of municipal funds is the outflow of rural land rights (field ownership)，Peasants changed from yeoman farmers to tenant farmers，A heavy rent burden is placed on our shoulders。Exchanging land rights for municipal funds is like drinking poison to quench thirst，Farmers’ livelihoods are getting worse，Land rights continue to shift outward，Up to 70% of households have become landless tenants，“A vicious cycle consumes farmers’ blood and sweat”。Therefore，“The root of rural problems is the decline of handicraft industry，Concretely manifested in economic bankruptcy and finally concentrated on the issue of land ownership”。After investigation in Jiangcun and later in three villages in Yunnan，bet365 premier league odds. Fei formed his own explanation logic for rural decline: China’s traditional economic structure is a “rural economy mixed with agriculture and industry”，Farmers rely on both agriculture and cottage industries for support，Be able to maintain a well-off life without hunger or cold；With the expansion of Western industry in the past few decades，Rural industry is in decline，The traditional economic structure is impacted，Farmers’ livelihood is in trouble；The seriousness of the previously latent land issue has become apparent，Conflicts between tenant farmers and landlords tend to intensify。bet365 premier league odds. Fei agrees with the land reform advocated by the Communist Party，Regard it as a necessary and urgent step to relieve the suffering of farmers；He also thinks，The fundamental solution to the problem lies in restoring rural industry and transforming it into a modern one。He said: “The final solution to China’s land issue will be closely linked to China’s industrialization issue。”

bet365 premier league odds. Fei’s "River Village Economy" was hailed by his mentor Malinowski as "a milestone in the development of anthropological field investigation and theoretical work"。Leave aside the value of this book in the history of subject development，Only on its theoretical innovation，As Gan Yang pointed out，"Jiangcun Economy" uniquely grasps rural industry as the central link in analyzing China's problems，Point out its influence on the changes in Chinese society。This is the first step taken by the Chinese School of Sociology，But it has fully demonstrated a high degree of research originality。

　　Back to bet365 premier league odds to test theory

Develop rural industry，It is one of bet365 premier league odds. Fei’s important academic propositions。He not only made important theoretical contributions to the study of rural industrialization，And has made significant contributions to promoting the development of township enterprises and China's industrialization。Three visits to Jiangcun in 1981，bet365 premier league odds. Fei was happy to see，Because the village has shifted from one-sided development of food to vigorous development of family sideline business，Industry in the village collective economy has increased significantly，Village income has been greatly improved。He said: "I feel particularly excited to see here that the goal I imagined decades ago has appeared in reality，And it shows signs of the characteristics of China’s economy in the future。”In the following twenty years，bet365 premier league odds. Fei “do it again, do it again”，Continue to conduct follow-up investigations on the development of rural industries in various regions，proposed the famous southern Jiangsu model、Wenzhou model and Pearl River model, etc.，Encourage and advocate for the development of township enterprises。Partly due to bet365 premier league odds. Fei’s efforts，China’s township and village enterprises are mushrooming and developing rapidly，Once became the most active part of the Chinese economy，In the national industrial output value, “one-third of the world’s total”。Comrade Deng Xiaoping said: "Rural reform is ongoing，The biggest gain we didn’t expect at all，That is, township and village enterprises have developed，Suddenly appeared in various industries，Build a commodity economy，Build various small businesses，Sudden rise。”Advocating rural industry and a new industrialization path based on China’s reality，Perhaps bet365 premier league odds. Fei’s greatest contribution to Chinese sociology and the development of Chinese society。As far as the topic of this article is concerned，bet365 premier league odds. Fei discovered problems and proposed theories from practice，Return to practice to test the theory，In this repetitive process, academic theory has been developed and social progress has been promoted，It can be said to be an excellent case of the organic integration of basic research and applied research。

In fact，This article along the lines of rural development，bet365 premier league odds. Fei continues to follow up and expand，Multiple achievements have been made from it。For example，While advocating the promotion of rural industrialization，He is keenly aware of the importance of urbanization and adjusting urban-rural relations，Promptly put forward the important proposition of "big problems in small towns" and the strategic concept of small towns as the "population reservoir" of China's urbanization，Has a wide range of influence in academia and society，Becoming an important part of China’s urbanization development strategy in the following period。

Another example，bet365 premier league odds. Fei continues to expand his research along the idea of ​​"river villages - small towns - small and medium-sized cities - economic regions centered on big cities - a game of chess across the country" (he jokingly calls it "from the countryside to the city")，He also put forward a series of important propositions on economic regional development and had far-reaching influence。While observing and studying economic and social phenomena in various places, he noticed the fact of regional economic development that transcended administrative divisions，This gave rise to the concept of regional economy and coordinated regional development。Early 1990s，Proposed by bet365 premier league odds. Fei，Take Shanghai as the leader，江、Zhejiang is the two wings，The Yangtze River Basin is the hinterland，Rebuild the Eastern Port，Establish the Yangtze River Delta Economic Development Zone，Promote national economic development。After the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta becomes a national strategy，bet365 premier league odds. Fei seized the opportunity and led the team to actively carry out research on "Peasant Issues in the Development and Opening up of Pudong"，This in turn promotes basic theoretical research on farmers and social transformation。Today’s Yangtze River Delta region has become the most active and developed region in China’s economic and social development，Zhejiang Province within the region has also become the only demonstration area for high-quality development and common prosperity in the country。In addition，bet365 premier league odds. Fei also proposed the establishment of Linxia and Haidong Economic Cooperation Zones、Establish a multi-ethnic economic development zone in the upper reaches of the Yellow River、Strategic concepts such as "Tanghulu" to develop economic belts along the Beijing-Kowloon Railway。

　　Social science bet365 premier league odds serves society

bet365 premier league odds. Fei pointed out，Social scientific research should serve society，Intellectuals should assume social responsibilities。During early years of study，He expressed his attitude clearly: "We can write hundreds of articles to discuss whether the Zhou Dynasty had the custom of 'cannibalism'，But even if this kind of knowledge is obtained，What is the use of real life？…‘real scholarship’ as I know it，It is ‘useful knowledge’。Academics can be used as decorations，Can also be used as food，If you ask me to choose，I choose food。" he emphasized，Unless social science researchers accept the responsibility of dealing with society，Otherwise social science will always be empty、Nothing important。

In bet365 premier league odds. Fei’s view，There are two approaches to the practicality of social science research，One is to make arguments for established decisions，“The practicality of following behind”；The other is to lead，“Point out a general direction”。He disdains the former，firmly chose the latter。To develop knowledge that can truly lead，It takes a lot of effort to understand and master rich social facts。Seeking knowledge from reality，It is bet365 premier league odds. Fei’s consistent views and distinctive features of his scholarship。"Down to earth，Think about the overall situation，Aiming to enrich the people，The bright head will not move"，This is his summary of his life ambitions and career in his later years。bet365 premier league odds. Fei’s academic life course，It is a vivid portrayal of “doing knowledge for the people” and “writing thesis on the land of the motherland”。

bet365 premier league odds. Fei once borrowed a poem by Huang Zhongze from the Qing Dynasty in tribute to Li Bai, "It should be Hongmeng who borrowed the hand of the emperor" to express that history has reached a certain time，We must find a group of people to respond to the issues of the times，As for who exactly they are，Not very important。Indeed，The issues and calls of the times are right there，Let others choose，But who has the vision and ability to respond to the issues of the times，Be able to live up to the great trust of Hongmeng (Era)，That’s another story。For that matter，Dedicate your life to enriching the people、bet365 premier league odds. Fei who seeks knowledge from reality，is a well-deserved inductee of the era。

　　(Author’s unit: Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of bet365 premier league odds Sciences)