Precarious bet with bet365 careers in the West reflect neoliberal approaches that weaken labor protections。bet with bet365 careers are increasingly based on market-driven values ​​and pressures，Higher education institutions are increasingly focused on profit rather than the public good，Many colleges and universities do not pay enough attention to labor ethics，"bet with bet365 employees" increasingly become the "career-precarious workforce"。Driven by a professional culture of instability and overwork，bet with bet365 staff want to keep their jobs，Weakened resistance to workplace exploitation。From an employment perspective，The “golden age” of academia may be over。

bet with bet365 research has now become an important employment choice，Even an ideal career in many people’s minds。However，In recent years, Western bet with bet365 circles have seen a decline in the stability of scientific research work，Scholars due to financial pressure、Interruptions in bet with bet365 careers due to mental health impairment and other issues are on the rise。A new bet with bet365 writing theme - "exit literature" becomes popular。“Exit literature” refers to what researchers publish on public platforms such as social media、An article explaining the reasons and process of leaving academia。A scholar reminds me，"Quitting literature" should not be regarded as a simple emotional catharsis，The deep-seated problems it reflects are worthy of vigilance。

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"Exit literature" last attracted much attention in 2018。Erin Bartram, who was a visiting assistant professor of history at the University of Hartford in the United States at the time, published an article on her personal blog after her application for tenure failed，Describes his unstable bet with bet365 work experience and career prospects in his field，Expressed the regret and pain of having to leave the position of university teacher。she wrote，“I am sad、Upset，But I feel I have no right to grieve”，Because she knows that the probability of getting tenure is very low and her professional background is not deep enough。“I lost a huge part of my identity，What hurts me most is that my failure has been repeated countless times，And will continue to be repeated countless times。"Compared with other "exit literature" works，Bartram unequivocally dissects disappointment in blog post、Pain、The emotion of anger。

Bartram’s article spread rapidly and widely on the Internet，Read more than 80,000 times in 4 days，So much so that her blog was temporarily paralyzed。This article also prompted other scholars to further understand and think about "withdrawal from literature" and the career options of scientific researchers。Lara McKenzie, a researcher at the School of Social Sciences at the University of Western Australia, Australia, analyzed the "exit literature" works published on the Internet by scholars with career instability or early career scholars in English-speaking countries from 2013 to 2019，And interviewed several Australian scholars。She discovered，“Exiting Literature” Authors’ reasons and processes for leaving academia vary。The withdrawal of some scholars is “active” or “rebellious”，There are also some scholars who are “mundane” and “have no choice”。Their reasons for leaving included the lack of hope for tenure、Poor treatment、Unreasonable work arrangements、Deterioration in mental health，and loss of enthusiasm and hope for an bet with bet365 career。

It’s worth noting，Some authors who “quit literature” later returned to academia，Even return to the organization where you worked bet with bet365 past to continue doing work of the same nature；Although some people have expressed their intention to leave，But bet with bet365 end, he stayed in an unstable position for a long time。A common reason for returning or staying is financial hardship、Can’t afford a state of no income、No other job found，Perhaps career prospects outside academia are expected to be equally bad or even worse。Some scholars said，“Exit” bet with bet365 context of “withdrawal literature” is better said to be “exited”—you have no choice but to try your best and still be unable to stay。Ruth Barcan, associate professor bet with bet365 Department of Gender and Cultural Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia，Not all cases of leaving academia are explicitly considered “decisions to exit” at the institutional level，Many scientific researchers "disappear" quietly after the expiration of short-term contracts。For some people, leaving is a straightforward decision，Others are gradually "retreating" or being excluded。

In addition，Career-precarious academics must strive for more than just the hope of tenure，Also strive to show hope。This situation of forcing yourself to show a positive attitude，Interpretation of the current situation of Western society revealed by American cultural theorist Lauren Berlant in the book "Cruel Optimism"，People are obsessed with pursuing unattainable wishes for a better life，Although this society no longer provides opportunities to realize these wishes。McKenzie informed through interviews and literature review，If researchers refuse to "perform" optimism，Exhibiting a critical attitude or less than positive emotions，Often subject to subtle punishment from all parties、Ignore、Accusation，For example, career opportunities are withdrawn、Losing the support of senior scholars、Being questioned about not being loyal enough to the bet with bet365 profession, etc.。

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“Quiting literature” has also encountered a lot of criticism。Some people say that "quitting literature" is self-praising，Or a mixture of bet with bet365 insecurity and privilege，"Quit literature" authors should realize the value of scientific research work instead of spreading pessimism。Professor of Film and Media Studies at Washington University in St. Louis, USA、Ian Bogost, a special writer for the American "Atlantic Monthly", once published an article in the magazine "No one cares if you quit"，Ask “Why people should give a thumbs up to someone for quitting something？What is more commendable is to find a way to accept reality。Please come up with more ‘leave’ articles”。

At the same time，Various solutions to “exit” are emerging。Christopher L.Catlin (Christopher L. Caterine) served as a visiting assistant professor at the university after obtaining a doctorate in classics from a prestigious university in the United States，Later switched to business management consulting work。In the process of career change，He interviewed many “former bet with bet365 staff” who entered other industries。Based on personal experience and research results，Catlin published the book "Leaving Academia: A Practical Guide" in 2020，In order to avoid being trapped in the "lifelong trap"、Concise and easy-to-follow career advice for academics looking for new opportunities and those interested in non-bet with bet365 work。

No matter how you look at "withdrawing from literature"，In some Western countries，The temporaryization of bet with bet365 careers is becoming an unavoidable fact。A report from the Royal Society said，The probability that a doctoral graduate will obtain the title of "Professor" in the future is 0.5%。Based on survey data from the British Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) 2017-2018，1/3 of bet with bet365 staff on fixed-term contracts，The number increased by more than 9,000 compared with 2007-2008。Data display from the National Science Foundation (NSF)，2000-2019，The proportion of PhD recipients entering bet with bet365 careers is declining in nearly all disciplines。Mentioned in Bogost's book，Only about 7% of graduate students in the humanities and social sciences eventually receive tenure。The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) states，Different from the perceptions of many students and parents，Tenured positions are not “mainstream” among U.S. college teachers—the proportion of non-tenured positions was as high as 73% in 2016。According to the National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) of Australia，Since entering the 21st century，Significant increase in precarious work in Australian universities，In 2017, faculty members holding fixed-term contracts and temporary contracts accounted for 22% and 43% of the total number respectively。

Mackenzie emphasized，Evidenced from statistics and interviews，Most authors who “quit literature” do not leave voluntarily because of boredom，They may be trapped in difficult working conditions，Or had to quit due to failure to renew the contract。Research on academia in Australia and New Zealand by Kate Bone, assistant professor at Massey University School of Management, New Zealand，Precarious employment is often seen as a temporary state。Many academics devote a large amount of their lives to pursuing higher levels of education、Engaged in scientific research activities，Many people also shoulder huge student loans，Giving up a lifelong bet with bet365 career dream may be equivalent to an "earthquake" for them。However，Dreams can also be illusions，It will trap them at the intersection of continuing to "invest" or changing direction。

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Born told this reporter，Precarious employment embodies neoliberal approaches that weaken labor protections。bet with bet365 careers are increasingly based on market-driven values ​​and pressures，“bet with bet365 employees” are impacted by business-oriented corporate changes，Increasingly becoming a "professionally unstable labor force"。Higher education institutions are increasingly focused on profit rather than the public good，Many colleges and universities do not pay enough attention to labor ethics，Not only a large number of fixed-term staff and temporary staff，Also extended the probationary period for tenure-track positions，Increased workload for all faculty。Driven by a professional culture of instability and overwork，bet with bet365 staff want to keep their jobs，Weakened resistance to workplace exploitation。From an employment perspective，The “golden age” of academia may be over。

Career instability reflects political and social instability，Deregulation of labor standards and labor protection，Increased unpredictability of life events。Today，Not just an bet with bet365 career，Other industries and even people’s lives in general are becoming more unstable。This trend is always associated with the shortcomings of capitalism and neoliberalism，And generated many related bet with bet365 discussions。Much of the discussion focused on career areas，Like part-time job、Low-paying jobs、Lack of guaranteed jobs，But some scholars regard instability as an "existential truth" that affects everyone、New lifestyle。In the field of higher education and scientific research，With the adjustment of the system based on the so-called market principles，Especially the radical reforms since the 1980s，The instability has increased significantly。Reduced government funding for universities and scientific research institutions，An increase in fixed-term or temporary positions。Scholars with unstable careers often need the help of interpersonal relationships or scholars with more stable "status" to obtain employment opportunities and resources。

Born said，In the neoliberal society and its educational and scientific research model，Protect workers、Open a career path、Coping with precarious employment falls largely on the individual。This may create a huge existential insecurity，Making precarious workers vulnerable to exploitation。They lack a sense of control and dependence on their work，Continuously making "identity efforts"，To be accepted、Be heard、Adjusting one’s identity by participating in a cause，Change your usual preferred way of doing things。In Bone’s opinion，All bet with bet365 staff must defend the legitimate rights of themselves and their colleagues，Protecting bet with bet365 careers from market thinking。Daily Actions、Social support、Public boycotts can help improve the bet with bet365 experience for both scholars and students，Everyone should have the responsibility and space to play a role，We cannot passively watch the bet with bet365 world being dominated by neoliberal self-interest and backwardness、Unequal leadership model destruction。