From the perspective of sociological history，Most applied countermeasure bet365 free bets is based on sufficient theoretical and empirical bet365 free bets。Marx's "Das Kapital"、Durkheim's "On Suicide"，Even Weber’s bureaucracy bet365 free bets，Nothing less than that。In fact，Good experience works，Often written by theorists or scholars with a certain theoretical style。It can be said，The bet365 free bets tradition of sociology is rooted in the observation of concrete experiences、In-depth theoretical thinking on it、Based on a set of logic that provides a plan for final reform and even revolution。For the present，Basic theoretical bet365 free bets、Empirical bet365 free bets and applied countermeasure bet365 free bets，This tradition should also be upheld，This is the disciplinary mission and vitality of sociology。

　　There is a distinction between theoretical and empirical bet365 free bets within the discipline

However，Within Sociology，Theoretical bet365 free bets and empirical bet365 free bets gradually show greater differences due to their different direct bet365 free bets objects and abstract levels。Compared to the era of the older generation of sociologists，The current division and even estrangement between theoretical bet365 free bets and empirical bet365 free bets，In the context of the detailed division of labor within the discipline，More and more obvious。Especially after the empirical bet365 free bets paradigm of American sociology became the mainstream paradigm of the entire sociology，This gap is more obvious。It can be said，To some extent，Merton’s middle-range theory has influenced many people’s knowledge and understanding of theory，Some people use this to determine what the theory supporting empirical bet365 free bets should look like，Or what a theory derived from empirical bet365 free bets should look like。

　For scholars engaged in empirical bet365 free bets，On the one hand, due to the rapid changes in society、Increased complexity，They have an urgent need for theory；On the other hand，They have no suitable theory available and they are interested in higher abstraction levels、Theories that cannot directly guide specific empirical bet365 free bets are “out of reach”。The usefulness of a theory is often determined by whether it can support empirical bet365 free bets。However，For scholars engaged in theoretical bet365 free bets，They do not think they are in crisis because of this。Compared to scholars engaged in empirical bet365 free bets，It is more self-sufficient，But it is this self-sufficiency that allows them to engage in "pure" academic bet365 free bets without fully grasping real-life experience，Will selectively ignore Mertonian mesoscopic bet365 free bets。So，Scholars engaged in theoretical bet365 free bets will inevitably accuse scholars engaged in empirical bet365 free bets of flocking to new trendy theories due to lack of guiding theory，Also belittles the value of their repeated studies due to lack of theoretical insights。

The gap between theoretical bet365 free bets and empirical bet365 free bets，To some extent，Further promoted the interdisciplinary movement in sociology。The following scenario is no longer unfamiliar: scholars engaged in theoretical and empirical bet365 free bets in sociology understand and absorb the progress of other disciplines，In many cases, it is better than understanding and absorbing each other。For example，For example, corporate governance、Big data、bet365 free bets on finance and even agricultural development issues，There is also historical sociology、bet365 free bets on organizational sociology，The bet365 free bets inspiration or perspective was not obtained directly from within sociology at the beginning。There is nothing wrong with this interdisciplinary movement，And it should be supported，But also explain，The creativity created by sociology based on the discipline itself and internal interactions has become insufficient。So，Only by straightening out the cooperative relationship between scholars engaged in theoretical bet365 free bets and empirical bet365 free bets，In order to produce more and better applied countermeasure bet365 free bets。

　　Approximating basic theory from empirical bet365 free bets

Actually，It can be seen from the demand for theory among scholars engaged in empirical bet365 free bets，Middle-range theory guiding empirical bet365 free bets has an irreplaceable status。The gap between empirical bet365 free bets and theoretical bet365 free bets，largely because，Basic theoretical bet365 free bets on fundamental issues in reality cannot provide operationalized specific theories for empirical bet365 free bets。Basic theory is generally called "grand theory"，The current status quo is，This type of theoretical bet365 free bets will not be actively "downgraded" due to the needs of empirical bet365 free bets，In fact，"Grand theory" is difficult to break down into small theories that can be used in American-style mesocosm empirical bet365 free bets。But at the same time，The demands of scholars engaged in empirical bet365 free bets just show that，They have a deep theory，That is, a theory that is more fundamental than middle-range theory also has an appeal，Especially when researchers become increasingly dissatisfied with repeated or fragmented bet365 free bets，This feeling will be more obvious。From this，More abstract basic theoretical bet365 free bets，Starting to become acceptable，It is expected to expand and innovate at the theoretical level。

In recent years，The sociological community has deeply realized this problem，And made many important attempts。However，Domestic basic theoretical bet365 free bets、Integrated development of empirical bet365 free bets and applied strategy bet365 free bets，Rarely initiated by theoretical researchers，Most of them are promoted by scholars doing meso bet365 free bets。Before this，Some scholars have tried to integrate theoretical bet365 free bets and empirical bet365 free bets for reflection。Take Li Dan's "Understanding Peasant China: A Case Study of Social Science Philosophy" as an example，The main purpose of reflection is not only to analyze the cases and explanation logic of specific empirical bet365 free bets，Look at the logic and empirical reasoning characteristics of its sociological explanation，Also trying to evaluate its validity or explanatory power。In addition，《Possession、Management and Governance: Three-level Analytical Concepts of Township Enterprises" also has similar ideas。However，Although the intent is similar to that discussed here，But insufficient consideration is given to the practical aspects of bet365 free bets，or，It has no such direct appeal。But，Theoretical bet365 free bets in empirical bet365 free bets promoted by other domestic scholars doing mesoscopic bet365 free bets，Make up for this。They use a method similar to the entire industry chain in academia，Promoted the integrated development from basic theoretical bet365 free bets to applied countermeasure bet365 free bets。

Such integrated development can also be exemplified by property rights bet365 free bets and bureaucracy bet365 free bets in organizational sociology。Different from purely inductive description and empirical bet365 free bets with simple analysis using theory，This type of bet365 free bets originated from organizational bet365 free bets in the United States，But when encountering China’s practical experience，Start from the two most basic theories of property rights and bureaucracy among organizational elements，And constantly adjust the relationship between these two theories and real experience。Researchers try to answer these two basic questions: In the process of market transformation，What is the essence of property rights，How to respond to the multiple interest demands of all parties by answering this question，In order to facilitate social stability and progress；As the most important national governance experience in China，The specific bureaucracy it carries，bet365 free bets on it，No doubt telling Chinese stories well、An important breakthrough in producing sociological Chinese theory。This attempt to approach basic theoretical issues from empirical bet365 free bets，Its significance to reality is undoubtedly the most direct and effective。Scholars involved，In terms of policy recommendations，also plays an important role。

　　From separation to integration: Promoting the fruitfulness of applied countermeasures bet365 free bets

Theoretical bet365 free bets in empirical bet365 free bets，The bet365 free bets path is not a denial of pure theoretical bet365 free bets，It is not a disparagement of inductive descriptive bet365 free bets and theoretical application analytical bet365 free bets，Instead, we try to build several pathways between basic theoretical bet365 free bets and applied countermeasure bet365 free bets，To achieve the purpose of integrated development。

Such a mechanism is needed within sociology to drive and stimulate the integration of theoretical bet365 free bets and empirical bet365 free bets，The following is still taking the study of bureaucracy as an example。First，From the perspective of theoretical bet365 free bets，bet365 free bets on bureaucracy has received support from all parties in theoretical bet365 free bets。Such as recent bet365 free bets on Weber's bureaucracy and official mottos of traditional Chinese bureaucracy，all greatly support the current bet365 free bets on bureaucracy in organizational sociology，Help them break away from corporate explanations and move towards more complete theoretical explanations。In other words，Although empirical bet365 free bets has strong theoretical appeal，However, due to limitations in bet365 free bets field and energy, it often falls short of theoretical bet365 free bets capabilities，The help of theoretical researchers plays a great supporting role here。Secondly，For the empirical bet365 free bets itself，The same is true for bet365 free bets on bureaucracy，Based on such theoretical appeal，What it leads to is even the most basic inductive descriptive bet365 free bets and the simplest theoretical application analytical bet365 free bets，They are also constantly enriching and expanding the connotation and extension of the study of bureaucracy。From this，From various empirical bet365 free bets to basic theoretical bet365 free bets，The path of its integration is established。

Obviously，This is also a problem for the academic community。How to actively respond to the requirements of the times，Continuously refine corresponding academic issues，And use these questions to carry out theoretical bet365 free bets in empirical bet365 free bets，It will undoubtedly re-energize the discipline，Academic productivity that serves society will also be released。

　(Author’s affiliation: School of Humanities and Development, China Agricultural University)