The life expectancy of the population is continuously extended，Old age、Disable、The rapid increase in the population of dementia and the increasingly slightly slightly slightly slightly micro family function，Establishing and sound long -term care service system is the fundamental way to deal with the crisis of the elderly population in my country in the future。Long -term care service system does not exclude informal family care，On the contrary，Family members are the crucial care provisions and care arrangements for long -term care resource systems。"Planning of the Fourteenth Five -Year Plan of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the Metropolitania Target in 2035，In improving the pension service system, "Support the Family Pension Function"。Family caregiver is the main force of providing daily care and spiritual comfort to the elderly in the family，Supporting family caregivers、Make full use of family care resources、Improve family care ability，is the improvement of my country's pension service system、Improve the content of the long -term care service system that cannot be ignored。

　　bet365 Play online games

Fourth time in the living conditions of the elderly in urban and rural people in China，my country Disable、Semi -disable the elderly more than 40 million。Insufficient supply of long -term care services in socialized、Family care cultural preferences are obvious and family purchase service capabilities are limited，The main care of the elderly at home by the disabled elderly is a common real country in my country。

Family caregivers of the elderly who are disabled at home are a very large number of groups。Beijing "Precision Assistance" demand survey results show，Family caregivers of disabled elderly people Bet365 app download are mainly children and spouses of the elderly，Middle -aged and elderly people aged 50-69，Family caregivers in the industry are nearly 30 %。The survey also shows，Disabled elderly families take care of the elderly up to 11.5 hours a day，Half of the daily care time is more than 8 hours，The average care period of care for nearly 12 years。The care content provided by home caregivers is very wide，Involved in daily life care、Home Cooking、Disviation and other activity arrangements and hospitalization accompaniment，Many family caregivers also need to do some basic care work，For example, monitoring the elderly's life signs、Injecting drugs、Wound care and emergency injury treatment, etc.。But most home caregivers have not received education or training about the elderly for the elderly in disabled，Carers generally lack certain care knowledge and skills。

Due to long -term high -intensity care for disabled elderly people，Family caregivers are very easy to feel fatigue、Increase bad emotions，Social network will also be limited，Economic difficulties are prone to occur，Family care and work conflict in home caregivers。Beijing "Precision Assistance" demand survey data shows，Nearly 70 % of the family caregivers feel the pressure of care for the elderly for the disabled。Where，Half of the family caregiver has physical pressure，45%of economic pressure and social interaction restrictions，More than 30%of family caregivers have psychological pressure，Care and work conflict in home caregivers in the industry is close to 30%。

Long -term under pressure of heavy care will damage the physical and mental health of the caregiver，It is easy to cause elderly abuse，Reduce the quality of family care for the elderly for the elderly。Current，my country's elderly population queue is basically not affected by the family planning policy，Family care resources are relatively abundant。But in the future, with the parents of only children gradually entered the age、Disordable period，Family caregivers will face the lack of daily bet365 Play online games assistance of family members，Even the dilemma that there is no temporary emergency replacement for care，It can be imagined for its care pressure。

　　Family caregiver support policies and practice are still exploring the exploration stage

Affected by the traditional family pension culture，Family caregivers for the elderly have always been a group that has not received enough attention in the public domain。In recent years，There are some contents of sporadic policies related to national and local pension care services.，There are also some urban areas to carry out some pilot services that support family caregivers。Generally speaking，Policies and practice supported by the elderly family caregivers in our country are still in the exploration stage，There are still many deficiencies。

First，There is no legal basis for supporting family caregivers，It has not formed a policy and regulations for unified national level，Lead of insufficient policy authority、Insufficient driving force。The relevant policies that are currently supported by family caregivers are mostly local policies，Policies and regulations that urgently need authority and stability to promote social concepts and the development of family caregivers。

Second，Systemic insufficient systemic insufficient supporting policy，Limited content and form。Long -term care of the negative effects of the elderly for the elderly on the family caregiver is multi -faceted。From the perspective of international experience，Although the support policies of home caregivers implemented in different countries have different support policies，But generally includes asthma support、Economic support、Psychological support、Information support and relieving caregivers five aspects:。Current，Domestic home caregiver asthma service、Care skills training and children's care leave have some explorations，But other aspects of supporting content involves less，And the existing support service form is extremely limited。

third，Family caregiver support service covers bet365 live casino games limited objects，The characteristics of the supplemental type are obvious，and the existence of service supply is not precise。Take domestic caregiver's asthma service as an example，Local governments pilot the piloting of asthma service through purchasing services，But limited by local financial payment capabilities，The range of service objects is very limited，Preferential poverty、Sinoma、Low income and other families focusing on，The characteristics of the supplemental type are obvious，and only use the unilateral characteristics of the elderly as the degree of disability as a career to obtain an asthma service。In the pilot of the training service of family caregivers，Many caregivers who need to take care of skills training are too busy to take care of the elderly to participate in training or participate very low，Some really urgent training needs have not been effectively met effectively。

Fourth，Family caregivers lack sufficient support、Stable funding source，Policy support and lack of funds for the lack of funds for policy support。Future support for family caregivers will continue to develop in normalization and inclusive，If you only rely on the government's financial support，It will continue to increase the government's fiscal pressure and cause supporting policies to be difficult or actual.。

　　Improved policy support of family caregivers

In a country with a very advanced process of population aging，The formulation of long -term care policies for the elderly includes not only policy support for disabled elderly people，Also focused on supporting their family caregivers。We should learn from certain international experience on the basis of their national conditions，Construction and improve the support policy system of family caregivers in my country。

First，Coordinating and standardizing family caregivers with national policies and regulations。Issuing a special family caregiver bill or relying on existing laws (such as the "Protection Law of the Elderly")，Incorporate family caregiver into the scope of legislative Bet365 app download protection。Develop a unified home caregiver support policy and regulations at the national level，Promoting the orderly development of family caregivers to support practice。At the same time, strengthen the interpretation and publicity of the caregivers support policies and regulations，Enhance the public's understanding of the family caregiver group，Create a good social atmosphere of caring and supporting family caregivers，At the same time, I can improve the right to the right to seek social support at the same time。

Second，Policy means using a variety of combinations to improve the comprehensiveness and comprehensiveness supported by caregivers。Learn from the experience of developed countries，Comprehensive use of economic subsidies (career allowances、Training subsidy for caregivers)、Tax reduction、Social support service (asthma service、Support hotline、Psychological Dust Guide、Career support team)、Legal holidays and other policy means to give family caregivers a comprehensive social support。During the formation of the policy system，Pay attention to the dependency relationship between different types of support，For example, supporting caregivers participating in skills training may require supporting asthma services。At the same time, pay attention to the construction of various caregivers support information and the construction of the welfare policy information integration platform for caregivers，Let the caregiver be able to obtain all the relevant support information in one stop。

third，Establish a scientific operating demand evaluation standard，Improve the fairness and accuracy supported by the caregiver。The degree of support for home caregivers will be taken care of by the caregiver、The influence of the elderly and family situation of the caregivers，This leads to the complicated support of the caregiver's support for the demand。Refer to foreign experience and combine the national conditions，The economic status of the individual and disabled elderly people according to the caregiver、Bet365 lotto review Care intensity such as caregivers and other factors determine the economic subsidy object，Subsidy subsidy standards for the formulation of caregivers for local conditions。In other support services，Comprehensive consideration of the degree of disability of the caregiver、The care intensity of the caregiver、Family support、Career care pressure and other factors identify key support objects，and clarify the required service content and suitable service provision form。

Fourth，Strengthen funding protection，Make sure the continuity of the caregiver support。Incorporate asthma service into the scope of long -term care insurance payment，Implementing the government、Common responsibility for corporate and personal responsibilities，and refer to the payment standard for other long -term care services，Set differentiation and payment level according to the income of the family participation objects。Governments at all levels include the funds and funds required to support the work of family caregivers in the fiscal budget，Establish a multi -channel fund raising mechanism。At the same time，Encourage social organization、Pension service agencies, etc. actively provide free consultation hotline for family caregivers、Psychological Dust Guide、Group training、Temporary asthma and other support services。

Fifth，Constantly strengthen the basic guarantee of supporting the support policy。First, a large -scale survey is carried out regularly。Can be included in the information module of the main family caregiver in the survey of large -scale elderly population samples in China，Understand the basic situation of family caregivers and social support needs，Provide strong data support for formulating relevant policies。Second is to strengthen the support of caregivers support policy effects，Comprehensive inspection of disabled elderly、Family caregivers and support service providers such as feedback and evaluation，Find problems at the time of the pilot stage、Summary experience、Timely adjust。bet365 Play online games Third is to encourage the people to set up more social organizations with the interests of group caregivers group，Follow the family caregiver，Innovative caregiver support service solution，Actively speak for family caregivers。

　(Author Unit: College of Social and Population of Renmin University of China)