Wu Ze (1913-2005)，Formerly known as Wu Yaoqing，Born in Wujin, Jiangsu。In the summer of 1930, he was admitted to Shanghai Daxia University (now East China Normal University) Affiliated Middle School。September 1933，Enter the Department of Economics of Peiping China University，Master Li Da and Lu Zhenyu from famous Marxist theorists，Start systematically learning Marxist theory，and gradually embark on the road to academic research。

1935，Wu Ze participated in the "One Two Nine" Patriotic Student Movement，Actively devoted to the torrent of the struggle for national salvation。After the 77th Incident，Wu Ze returns to his hometown Changzhou，Founding "Anti -enemy Herald"。He was arrested and jailed for publishing "The Future of the Japanese War from the Shanghai Anti -Japanese War"，After the rescue of many parties, it was released。Later to Chongqing，Church at Fudan University and Chaoyang Law School，Written "Is Chinese History stagnated and backward?" "" Chinese Raise Origin Theory "and other papers，For imperialism、Criticism of fascist aggression history。The author of "Chinese History Research Law", "Chinese Primitive Society History", and "Brief Crossing Chinese History"，and an important book "Chinese History and Ancient History"。October 1946，Join the Communist Party of China，After the underground party members, adhere to the theoretical position，Working for the establishment of New China。

F also the fallacy of the "third road" in the academic ideological world at that time，Wu Ze continuously published "The Reactionary and Program of the Emperor's Party", "The False of the Emperor's Thinking and the False", and "Liang Qichao's Holding Yuan and Poin Yuan" to refute。From May 1949，Wu Ze serves as a member of the Daxia University School Affairs Committee、Director of Academic Affairs and Dean of the Academy of Literature。After the establishment of East China Normal University in 1951，Director of the Department of History for a long time。He also participated in the creation of the Chinese History Society and the Shanghai History Society。Starting from the mid -1950s，Wu Ze gradually shifted the focus of academic research to the field of Marxist oriental theory and the field of ancient oriental history，Published a series of important papers such as "Research on Asian Production Methods", "Features of Ancient Oriental Society", "Ancient Communes and Communes" and other important papers，Become one of the representatives of the theory of the "Western Zhou Dynasty" theory of the ancient historic community。

Starting from college，Wu Ze accepted Marxism。1946，Introduction to Huagang and Huagang，Wu Ze joined the Communist Party of China。His collection of revolutionaries、Historian、Educator Yu Yi，In academic research in more than 70 years，Always adhere to the use of Marxism's theory and method，Combining academic research with revolutionary struggles，supported by deep Chinese knowledge，Pass rigorous historical research，Based on solving real problems，、Pre -Qin History、History of thought、Social History、Economic History、History of thought、Overseas Chinese、Hakka Xue and other fields have achieved outstanding achievements。As early as 1954，Entrusted by the Ministry of Education，Wu Ze recruited and guided the first batch of graduate students in Chinese history in New China，3 times before and after，A total of more than 30 places。After reform and opening up，It was awarded by the Disciplinary Disciplinary Disciplinary Discipline of Chinese History and Chinese History History Disciplinary Discipline by the Degree Committee of the State Council，Training and guiding 29 doctoral students，The establishment of education and history for New China、Make a great contribution to development。"Pointing Jiangshan，It is said that the future of Jingwei Heaven and Earth "is his lifelong pursuit。

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1913，Wu Ze was born in a peasant family, Hehuaba Village, Wuheqiao Town, Wuheqiao Town, Wujin District, Wujin County, bet365 best casino games Jiangsu Province。Lost due to childhood，Family situation is poor，Wu Zejian is discriminated against and bullied，His young heart，Early buried resistance compression、Strive for equality、Pursuing the upper thought seeds。After receiving new education，Tour in Wuxi、Reading in High School in Changzhou。1931，Entering High School in Shanghai Daxia University Affiliated Middle School。1931，Japanese militarism launched the September 18th Incident。Wu Ze and Shanghai students go to Nanjing to petition with the Kuomintang authorities，On the eve of the Spring Festival。On the eve of the Spring Festival，Wu Ze wandered into a pair of Spring Festival couplets: "Freedom flower outbreak of iron blood，The skull casts an equal fruit "，Class batch of "Return to My Mountain"，Put it on the door。The pursuit of ideal，Independence of the nation、The expectation of the country's rich and strong，Inspired Wu Ze's firm revolutionary ideal，Also pursued the truth for him、Accept Marxism，Eventually on the road of revolution, it laid a solid foundation。

During studying in Shanghai，Wu Ze began to contact the works of early Marxists，Especially Li Da’s "Overview of the Chinese Industry Revolution" and other books，Began to understand the root of the poor and bankruptcy of Chinese farmers and handicrafts，The strong desire of the teacher from Li Da。Autumn 1933，Economic Department of China University。At that time, the famous teacher of the Department of Economics of the University of China: Director of the Department of Economics and Economics of the Department of Economics of China: Director of the Department of Economics and Economics of the Department of Economics of China:，Huang Songling teaches China's rural economy and land problem classes，Lu Zhenyu talked about Chinese socio -economic history，Zhang Youyu opened an international relationship class，Du Shulin on the history of socialist thoughts，They all use Marxist thoughts、Views、Method analysis Question。Under the influence of these "red professors"，Wu Ze learned Marxist theory more systematically，Learn to use Marxism's position、Viewpoint and Method Study Historical Questions，Combining the historical inspection of the economy with the economic survey of history，Pay attention to analyzing and studying ancient society from the social and economic form。

Shortly entering to enter college，Wu Ze used political economics theory to analyze the development trend of the international economy at that time，Write his first academic papers "Review and Outlook of International Economics in One Year"，Published in Beijing's "Monthly Monthly" (No. 3, 1935)，Later historical development proves that his analysis is basically correct。July of the same year，Wu Ze published the article "Economic Examination of the Summer in the Summer" in the 1st issue of "Journal of Economics", edited by Huang Songling，This article is the examiner modification draft after he heard Lu Zhenyu's "Chinese Social Research" course of Lu Zhenyu。April 25, 1962，In the letter of Lu Zhenyu，He recalled this experience，This article I wrote "One Writing Attempt I made under the guidance of this book"。

Wu Ze during his studies，The academic world is surrounding the nature of Chinese society、Revolutionary nature and social history issues develop unprecedented arguments。Guo Moruo advocated the original society of Yin Dynasty and the saying of slavery society in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Lu Zhenyu based on his own research，The theory of slavery society in the Yin Dynasty and the feudal theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty。But the "New Life School" and "Power School" believe that slavery society is just ancient Greece、Special cases of Roman society，Not a must -have stage for the development of human society，Ancient Chinese "blank" of the era of slavery。Discussion on Chinese social nature，It will inevitably involve a specific understanding of the historical development process of China: Does the development of Chinese history move from low -level to advanced in accordance with the five social and economic form doctrines of Marx? The Chinese Revolution that has attracted worldwide attention，Is it inevitable for the development of Chinese history? Is there a regular development of Chinese history?，What are the laws of development? Bet365 lotto review To correctly understand the nature and revolutionary nature of China，You must answer this series of questions。This argument mainly focuses on the following three problems: one is the issue of the Asian production method; the other is whether there are slavery society in Chinese history; the third is the so -called "business capitalist society" or "former capitalist society".。Available Li Da、The influence of Lu Zhenyu，On the basis of in -depth study of Marxist original and various remarks，In Nanjing "Labor Season" 1935 Vol. 1, 5、6 issues of "Economic Research on Yin Dynasty" and "Legendary Xia Dynasty Family Slave Economy"，Both articles were modified and introduced by Lu Zhenyu; in Nanjing "China Economic" magazine, Vol. 5、6 issued "General Criticism of the" Society of Slave Owners "in the issue of" Social Society "(Part、below) and other articles。The first two articles are studying Oracle Care、Based on the physical and literary materials，Production from agricultural、Business、Handicraft Industry and other Yin Dynasty socio -economic life demonstrates that Yin Dynasty economy is a slavery economy organization、The social system of Yin Dynasty is a slavery society; the latter two essays discuss the stage of "inevitable" in the development of human society in the history of human society，Refucarring the "blank theory" of slavery society，even "three forms" and "four forms" and other views。To negate slavery society is a stage that must be passed in the process of historical development、Take the Asian production method as a unique social form and "top" the slavery society and other remarks，Strictly criticized。During reading，Wu Ze also systematically studied the original history of China，Write the manuscript of "Chinese Pioneer Social History"，Lu Zhenyu specifically prefaced this book，Write "" Preface to "Chinese Pioneer Social History"，Recommend to the academic community。Unfortunately，This manuscript is lost in the cannon fire of Japanese invaders。

　　The History of the Elderly Deldio of the Bust Luo

July 1937，Just when Wu Ze graduated from Chinese university，Luogou Bridge Incident explosion。After many folds，Wu Ze returns to his hometown in Changzhou。Facing severe national crisis，Wu Ze and several old students jointly founded the "Anti -enemy Herald" in their hometown，Inspiring the people's confidence，Planning to save death，Promote the anti -Japanese anti -Japanese。On the innovation number，Wu Ze uses Hu Zhefu's pen name，Published "The Pride to See the Japanese War from the Anti -Japanese War"，Because the author is accused in the text，He was arrested and jailed，After the rescue of relatives and friends, he was released from prison。After being released from prison，He published "Tingxun" in Nanjing's "Jinling Daily"，Discover the interruption question when the prison is tried，Demonstration of the dark inside of the Kuomintang prison，also explained the view of the future of the war。October，Wu Ze moved to Zhenjiang with his family members、Wuhan。spring 1938，Arrive in Chongqing，I saw Li Da、Lu Zhenyu、Hou Waulu、Zhang Youyu and 翦 翦、Huagang and other teachers and friends。Under their recommendation，Wu Ze coached the Department of History of Chongqing Fudan University and Chongqing Chaoyang Law School。While engaged in teaching and academic research，He is still promoting the anti -Japanese -saving propaganda among young students and friends，achieved fruitful results。"Chinese Primitive Social History", "Chinese History and History" and "Simple Chinese History" are the representative works of Wu Ze's period。

"Chinese Primitive Society History" was published in 1943，After Lu Zhenyu's "Research on Chinese Social Research in History"，Another guidance with Marxism，Systems study the masterpiece of China's original society。Wu Ze used Engels "Family、The theory of the Origin of Private and National "，Unexpectedly unearthed cultural relics and ancient books as information，Fully absorbing the latest research results of Chinese and foreign cultural anthropology，Examine the development process of primitive society in China，The "Beijinger" is the oldest ancestor of the Chinese nation，revealed the source of bet365 live casino games Chinese civilization，Analysis of the economic structure of prehistoric primitive society、Social Organization and Family Forms and the ideology of the primitive society，promoted the establishment of the research system of China's original social history。

"Chinese History Department · Ancient History" 1944 fixed manuscript，Published in 1949。Wu Ze quoted a famous saying in Stalin's "Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism" in the beginning of the book、Location and conditions are transferred "，And believes that "this is the basic argument of scientific history"。Proposed from the preface: "Use the view of materialism to organize historical materials、History，From specific historical materials、The scientific rules of the history itself，can reflect the overall social history true appearance。"" Book of "rich archeological information，Fully absorb nationalology、Anthropology、Research results in neighboring disciplines such as religious studies，Detailed inspection of the occurrence of slavery society、Development，Social Economy、Political forms，or even class、Family System、Religious Culture，etc.，Further improved and developed the doctrine of Yin Dynasty society founded by Lu Zhenyu。The book also comprehensively reviews the course of the Chinese social history war.，Summarized the positive results of Marxist historians in the discussion，solved many unreasonable problems，It is the first system to study the monograph of Yin and Shang History，filled the blank in the study of ancient history，Many arguments in the book，time to this day，It is still recognized by the academic world。

"Simple Chinese History" is Wu Ze's revision of "A Brief History of Chinese Social Society" published in 1942，The original book was only written in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period。To reveal the laws of social development，In the new work, he wrote the content of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods to the Anti -Japanese War，Multiple reproire after publishing in 1945。This book organically combines historius research with the Chinese revolution and national rejuvenation，Educate the people by narrating the history of China for thousands of years，Stimulate national self -confidence，Struggle to save the country for the anti -Japanese country。Guided by Marxist sociological and economic morphology in the book，It is clearly pointed out that Yin Dynasty was a primitive commune society in the past，Yin Dynasty is a slavery society，The Western Zhou -Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period is a leading feudal society，Qin and Han dynasties from the Opium War to the landlord feudal society，Opium War to the Anti -Japanese War was a semi -colonial semi -feudal society。When discussing the social development process in detail，In the book, we try to reveal the fundamental motivation of the development of Chinese social and historical from the contradiction between productivity and production relations，At the same time, pay attention to revealing the diversity of social development，For politics、Economic and Culture's role in other factors also objectively analyzes。Publishing this book，The preliminary formation of the Chinese general history system that marks Wu Ze's family is，and Lu Zhenyu's "History of Concise China"、Fan Wenlan's "Brief Crossing China" and other，All important representative works in the formation stage of the Marxist Chinese history system。

　Sweeping thousands of troops in the article

Wu Ze is a Marxist historian who became famous in the revolutionary war era，He believes: "The practicality of history is where the vitality of history is，History if you do not solve the real history of reality，If you are based on reality、Expressing history at the height of reality，It lost the meaning of existence。"" For nation independence and people's liberation cause，He uses paper and pen as a weapon，For reality problems，I wrote a series of important theories，Sweep Qianjun。

Anti -Japanese War period，Some Japanese Scholars are talking about Chinese society as "stagnation"、"Cycle"、"Round"，Japan is progress、Development;、Southern for、East, wait for，Insult the culture of the Chinese nation's species。To cooperate with the Anti -Japanese War，Wu Ze successively published "Is Chinese bet365 Play online games history stagnant and retreat?" "" Chinese Raise Origin Theory "and other papers，Historical facts with indisputable arguments，Point out that Chinese history is not stagnant and backstur，Chinese species originated in China，strongly counterattacked the strange discussion theory of the invaders。

March 1942，Wu Ze uses historical materialism principles to write the first draft of the university lecture "Geographical Environment and Social Development"，In the "Preface"，The purpose of his self -reporting is: "Explaining the relationship and role of geographical environment on social development，and liquidate all fascists 'geographical politics theory' and 'Geographical History Views' and other arrogant fallacies，Specifically solve a basic problem for historical materialism。"Wu Ze pointed out，Geographical environment is one of the common necessary conditions for social development，will accelerate or delay social development，But "Geographical environment cannot、Never decided to have social development，That's it in the past，More clearly performed in modern times。The development of slavery society to the feudal society，The main motivation for development，Not in the geographical environment，and in the internal productive forces and production relationships of the social system，Contradictions in the production process "。

between 1947 and 1948，Freedom、Liberalism、Liberals and who is "real liberal" and other questions，The academic ideological world has once again launched an unprecedented argument。1948，Wu Ze uses Song Yu's pen name，Published the book "On Liberalism"。He thinks，Liberalism is not only a question of ideological theory，In fact, it is actually a sharp and serious real political issue。"A liberal，To this day, I should resolutely cut off the fantasy of reactionary rule and imperialism，Stand up，Go before，Respect the people's awakening and strength，Let's be with the people，Participate in the Revolution Joint Front，Strive anti -Emperor Anti -rule，Seek independence for the nation、People seeks liberation，Dedicated to national freedom、Land Freedom，Become a real liberal。"Wu Ze's book pierced the hypocrisy skin of the so -called" liberal "，At that time, it played a great role。

At that time, there were some "intermediate routes" and "liberal" in the society at that time，They are fantasizing that they will not overthrow the Kuomintang regime，Improve politics through "Xinwei and New Movement"，Establish a British and American parliamentary system。November 1948，Wu Ze published the book "Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao"，point out: China in the modern semi -colonial semi -feudal society，Any top -down "Reform"、Improved exercise，All are destined to fail，Only through social changes，can we completely complete the historical task of anti -imperialist and anti -feudal feudal。"Kang Liang lost in front，The Qing court collapsed，The front car can be learned! Different Realm，Far from the past，The people have got up，Democratic freedom，It has become the mainstream of the times，History Hong Tao，Revolution situation，irresistible。People's era，Democratic Century，Where can I still talk about ‘Reform’ and ‘Reform”，Play with ‘Lighting’ and ‘Bao Daqing’? "The book calls for people to read Shi Jian today，"Now，It's a stage of social change，Scholars' doctors appear at the political front，Political struggle to save danger。Future ending，How? … Kangliang Gu can be sad，Kang Liang can also learn! "Break from the high degree of history to break the true face of the counter -revolutionary ugly drama of the United States and Chiang Kaiing，"Carry the revolution to the end"。Once，Wu Ze was invited to the Lecture on the "Fifty Years of Wuxu" at Jiaotong University，Promote his political propositions，The threat of the Kuomintang reactionary，After the speech is over，Dozens of bicycles of Shanghai Underground Party Organization escorted him home。

　Entering a new chapter with the times

spring 1949，People's Liberation Army Victory Crossing the Yangtze River，Wu Ze, a member of the underground party, actively planned to take over the work of Daxia University。May，After the liberation of Shanghai，Wu Ze hosted the School of Literature of Daxia University，Later, he presided over the Bet365 app download school committee and also the chief of the teaching affairs。Adjustment of National College in 1951，Daxia University and St. John University merged into East China Normal University，Wu Ze has served as the director of the Department of History、Director of the Institute of Chinese History、Director of Hakka Study Research Center，The Degree Committee of the State Council 1、Member of the Second Disciplinary Review Team，President of Shanghai Overseas Chinese History Society and other positions。

After the founding of New China，Wu Ze's academic focus has gradually shifted to the use of Marxist theory to build a socialist academic system。He uses historical materialism views，Pay attention to the political thoughts of the era where historical figures are located、Economic Thought，Re -evaluating the merits of historical figures，Published academic papers and reviewed Cao Cao、Wang Xianzhi、Huangchao、Wu Zetian and other politicians and Lao Tzu、Confucius、Yang Zhu、Wu Qi、Wang Chong、Wang Fuzhi、Gu Yanwu、Wei Yuan、Kang Youwei、Liang Qichao、Wang Guowei and other thinkers，It has a greater impact in the academic world。

1961，Wu Ze accepted the commission of the Office of the Liberal Arts Teaching Materials of the Central Propaganda Department，Editor -in -chief of Chinese modern history history textbook。After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party，Wu Ze has selected and published "History of Chinese History History" (Part、The following volume) and "Collection of History of Modern History in China"，He also edited with Professor Yang Yizheng "Chinese History Dictionary · History History"。Based on this，1989，"History of modern Chinese history" edited by Wu Ze (Part、Book) Published。as filling blank、Study monograph on the history of modern history of the construction system，This book combines the general law of modern society history，Grasp the main contradictions and contradictions of various historical periods in each social form development process，Explore the occurrence of modern history、Development、The law of evolutionary delivery，Deepenation of various historians、The class status and worldview of each school in a specific historical period、History view，The era background and guidance thought of each historical work，clarify the status of historical materials、Source flow of the development of historians，History compilation and historius research methods of different historical schools in each period，and various historians、Contradictions and struggles between various historical schools。

To help young people master the theoretical and methods of historical research as soon as possible，1985，The book "Introduction to History" edited by Wu Ze。This book is under the guidance of Marxism，Overview and retrospective of the subject of history，The content includes the basic theory of historical research、Basic methods and basic knowledge。The theoretical and methods of these historical research introduced in the book are summarized by the experience of Wu Ze's many years of governance，Therefore, it is warmly welcome by readers。

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party，Wu Ze first advocated the study of overseas Chinese history。He thinks，As early as the ancient and medieval period，Million overseas Chinese who live abroad have spread China's advanced culture to all parts of the world，It plays a great bridge role。To modern times，Overseas Chinese who live in various places with local people are together，Pioneering socio -economic，Fighting side by side to fight for independence and freedom，Make brilliant performance for the progress of human beings and civilization; since the reform and opening up，Many overseas Chinese have returned to China，Investment "Three -funded Enterprise"，Support the economic construction and development of the motherland。Wu Ze shouted loudly to strengthen the study of overseas Chinese history，And take the lead in the history of overseas Chinese at East China Normal University，Written "Objects of Overseas Chinese History、Topic and Mission "lecture，Published "Marx and Engels on Overseas Chinese", "The Great Contributions to Overseas Chinese Anti -Japanese War" and other Bet365 app download papers。Under the promotion of Wu Ze，December 1983，The establishment of Shanghai Overseas Chinese History Society，He was selected as the first chairman of the Society。1984，The "Research Collection of Overseas Chinese History Research" edited by him was published by East China Normal University Press，The book includes 27 academic research papers，Content involved issues from the influence of overseas Chinese policies to overseas Chinese on the country of residents。

When studying the history of overseas Chinese，Wu Ze found that about one -third of the overseas Chinese is more than one -third of the population.，and scholars rarely study。To fill the academic gap，He proposed the strategic concept of creating Hakka learning，and wrote the papers such as "Establishing Hakka Study" in 1990，Introduction to set up Hakka Studies Research Center at East China Normal University，Hosted the first Hakka Symposium in Shanghai，Editor -in -chief "Hakka Studies"，Push the research of Hakka Xue to deepen。

Wu Ze's life is particularly committed to studying Marxist oriental social morphology。In this regard, Da Cheng's work is "History of Oriental Social and Economic Forms" published in 1993。Wu Ze thinks，Social morphological doctrine is the basic theory of Marxism，It includes socio -economic forms、Social and political form and social ideology three components，Among them。Wu Ze emphasized: "Marxist oriental studies are oriental socialist social morphology，It is a Chinese socialist society and national conditions; the new democratic revolution and the socialist revolution in the Eastern countries require Oriental Studies，The construction of the new democratic society and the socialist society requires scientific oriental studies; especially the current socialist construction cause of the Eastern country is still in the primary stage of grass，No ready -made experience、Scheme、Mode can follow，To continue to explore in the construction practice together、Research and Summary，Keep working hard，Self -improvement，That is even more urgent to need scientific oriental studies。"" "Purpose of the study of oriental studies，is to discuss research deeply、Correctly revealing China's national conditions，To build a socialist social service with Chinese characteristics。”

On the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party，Looking back at the academic life of the master，We can better understand Wu Ze's academic achievements and academic thoughts。The product of the times，Wu Ze's academic career began in the most dangerous time of the Chinese nation。Facing foreign enemy invasion，Political Drama Change，Social turmoil，Difficulties of people's livelihood，He pays attention to real life，Persist in using Marxism to guide academic research，Not academic for academic，More sick groan。As the Ming Dynasty heroes Qi Jiguang's poems were written: "North and South Drive the Church Lord，Jianghua Biancao Xiaoxiao Life。360 days a year，All Yoko will go immediately。"Wu Ze in his later years，I must think this poem "has a Qi Qi with my heart"，Otherwise，Why do you need to book this poem and place it on the book case?

(The author is deputy editor of the People's Publishing House)