"Western Democracy" developed to today,has evolved into a complex and diverse complex,includes the theory of diversified democracy、Elite Democratic Theory、Conservative Democratic theory、Liberal Democratic theory and other different content; and the political system of various "democratic countries" is also obvious。How to understand in complex diversity、Grasp the limitations of Western democracy,Not only requires more in -depth research,It is also necessary to study the richness of the perspective。
Limitation about Western democracy,The current research is generally concentrated in two aspects: First, emphasize the fundamental constraints of political life based on private ownership,Second is questioning its extensive and authenticity。This summary is established in general。Because,Democratic as a social ideology,Serving a certain economic foundation,Political democracy,"In the final analysis,Depending on the production relationship of the society "。The economic basis of capitalist democracy is the private ownership of production materials,This determines that it will inevitably take the bet365 best casino games special interests of a few people as the fundamental purpose,It also makes the people of Western countries be subject to various restrictions in the process of exercising political democratic rights。Therefore,"equal" political power based on unequal economic relations is undoubtedly unreliable。
Pointing out that these key harms are necessary,but still not enough。The analysis and interpretation of these social and political phenomena that are closely related to people needs to be specific,It needs to be based on the actual operation of the political system of Western countries。Facing living campaign、Vote,Living debate、rally,If it is just a key to talk about the relationship between the economic foundation and the upper -level building,Obvious lines are too thick,Too much "philosophy",It is difficult to help ordinary people understand the problem correctly。
So,What is the key to correctly understanding Western democratic limitations? Just want to be concrete,The language of social sciences,instead of explaining and explaining this specific political problem。As far as the limitations of Western democracy are concerned,The most important thing is to pay close attention to and clearly explain the between economic activities and political activities、The interaction between the economic foundation and the upper building,Especially in the intermediate links that play a specific role in this decisive bet365 Play online games role and reaction,Clarify the specific role of each intermediate link。
The connection between complex things must be complex。The impact of private ownership on the political life of Western countries,Core Political Group's control of national economic life,All work through a series of intermediate links。There are media in these intermediate links、Society、School、think tanks, etc.,They play the role of serving the monopoly capital rule group in a public or concealed manner。But the mechanism for their role,The public and professionals have not given full attention。
From the perspective of legal provisions and government operations,Citizens of Western countries enjoy extensive democratic rights,"One person, one vote",Elections of national leaders and parliaments are competitive,Many countries also directly elected national or government leaders。but,This does not mean that the power of the country really belongs to the people。
In Western countries,Media is often called "fourth right",They use various direct or indirect ways,Through overwhelming public opinion offensive and infiltration of social psychological subtleness,Comprehensive and deeply affect the daily life of ordinary people,Affecting the public's judgment on domestic and foreign affairs,and the public votes through votes、polls such as politics。The operation of the media,Especially behind the large media group,It is inseparable bet365 live casino games from capital support and control。This also means,Can't simplify the "private" media as a media representing public opinion。
Similar to school,Especially in Western colleges,Whether it is public or private,All plays an important role in the interaction between politics and economy。Former Prime Minister Noda Kamada,Graduated from the Department of Political Department of Waseda University,After entering the very distinctive Panasonic political and economic school。This is a very conventional experience in Japanese politicians。Panasonic Political Ery,Schools that mainly cultivate political and business management talents,Student admission is selected more through interactive communication,Students entered politics from this,Establish a special relationship with politicians and other politicians。As for European and American countries,Government officials enter the enterprise after retiring or leave the employment、School position,politics、Business、The phenomenon of "rotating doors" flowing between learning is also extremely common。
Group politics is the supplement and development of traditional Western democratic political power restriction mechanisms。Various political groups including important think tanks,I have always played an important role on the Western political stage。Although the group's politics can also become a way to express the interests and requirements of the Bet365 lotto review workers' class,For example, union,But in the final analysis,A considerable part of them still has one of the political organization forms of the producer class。Political and Social Impact is the greatest、The strongest restriction on the government,Still "Scriptures" and other "pressure groups" with multinational companies as the main members。The extent of the specific interests of the group,Depending on the group’s economic strength、Organizational scale and other factors depends on,and fiscal strength is undoubtedly an important factor。Their final service is still a private property system。
Democratic politics in Western countries have been engaged in hundreds of years,The operating mechanism is relatively mature,Familiar with the government and management society under the conditions of allocating resources in the market and society in the open environment。They are good at taking the ruler intention and administrative management、Social security work and human rights affairs are combined,Good for "social treatment" for ruling behavior,Pay attention to "very soft" and "combine hard and hard" or even "hard" when necessary。But from the historical source and nature,Their political operation has two common features。First is the negativeness of mutual constraints。This approach will inevitably lead to the emergence of a series of "official diseases"。The second is advocating individualism、Bet365 app download Liberalism and multi -centralism。This approach makes Western countries often in a state of local crisis,As a result, the democratic rights enjoyed by the working people are distorted,"Money Democracy" has become the most prominent scene of Western democracy,"Dental" and "checks and balances" have also become an excuse for difficulty in implementing democratic rights。
At present,The traditional power restriction mechanism is far from mutual restriction and balance between state organs.。With the advancement of history,Especially with the further depth of my country's reform and opening up,The potential and advantages of the socialist democracy system will definitely appear more,"Democratic Democracy" and "People's Democracy" are all available areas。In the process of developing socialist people's democracy,Pay special attention to prevent the evolution of social organizations and media construction from the orbit of the leadership of the party,Prevent private capital and foreign funds in the field of news and editing、In various educational activities、Improperness in international exchanges in humanities and social science research,Avoid various political risks,Ensure that our development is stable and far away。
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