Anthropologists yearn for the fields，Because the field is not only the beginning bet365 bonus code pa journey of academic discovery，Still the place where you leave your own footprints。For that matter，Continuously returning to the fields means constantly returning to the starting point，Continuously carving my own traces。So in a sense，It is the nature of anthropologists to return to the field，It is the natural flow of academic passion。

The banditry in northern Henan during the Republic of China is a controversial topic with little academic input。Ph.D. thesis "Inside and Outside the Walled Wall - Research on Banditry in Northern Henan" was completed in 2008，However, there is still a lot of room for re-explanation or in-depth description of banditry。There is an important flaw in the writing framework bet365 bonus code pa doctoral thesis，Focus on the banditry to specific local powerful figures，Focus on its identity and legalization，And the changes in identity at different stages。Because bet365 bonus code pa reliance on character actions、Psychology，Rely on legendary oral history，Therefore the character study is in the event、The plot has literary novel narrative characteristics。See again in a few years，What arouses my strong dissatisfaction with this theme of banditry in northern Henan during the Republic of China is the weak political and economic foundation - it is only used as the background bet365 bonus code pa first chapter bet365 bonus code pa manuscript。How should I break through the literary narrative of novel-style biography that is more dramatic，Get out of sociology based on historical research、Anthropological investigation approach？

Revisiting the fields in the spring of 2022，Also by chance，bet365 bonus code pa also inevitable。Revisit，Already middle-aged。The field reporter who was in his 80s back then is already in his 90s，There is a gap in memory，The witnesses who could still be found back then have left one after another，There is another gap in the oral history of field reporters over 70 years old。Returning to hometown soon，The epidemic situation in the city where you live is getting worse，This gives me plenty of time to search for literature、Supplementary file，Written with complicated emotions、Rewriting the unsatisfactory manuscript。

March 2022，In order to investigate the situation of Communist Party member Chang Cunren organizing a reading club in Chongyi Village during the Anti-Japanese War，I went to the village to interview an 87-year-old lady who married into the Chang family，She told about the grand shipping scene of Anyang River during the Republic of China。The Anyang River flows through Chongyi to form a lively dock，The five Chang brothers opened a noodle shop by the river and improved the livelihood bet365 bonus code pa "kanmihan" (poor peasants and laborers) bet365 bonus code pa big landowners。In her narration，A long-dormant political and economic picture of northern Henan opened by Anyang Shipping suddenly came alive in my mind，I seem to hear workers unloading at the dock、Shipping cotton bales weighing more than one hundred kilograms、Coal and grain，The noisy sound bet365 bonus code pa boatman hunched over pulling fibers on the shore and letting the heavy ship move forward slowly。A moment，I seem to have a political and economic research direction that I want to pursue。Starting from shipping，One made of cotton、The market system composed of coal and soot creates a breeding ground for banditry，At the same time, the political and economic environment is also deeply troubled by banditry。In this direction，I try to embed banditry into the market system formed by industrialization and capitalist development，To explore banditry and ecology in northern Henan、Revolution、Capitalism、Complex political and economic conditions under the combined influence of rural violence and other factors。

In order to understand the situation of Wang Hanhua and other underground members bet365 bonus code pa Communist Party of China conducting underground reading groups in their hometown during the same period，I went to Wating Village。Learned from the villagers，There is a big temple near Xiwating，commonly known as Gaomiao Terrace，Wang Hanhua and others teach there。Visiting Gaomiao Terrace，There are two old ladies who are gatekeepers in the temple，They told me，Gaomiao is more famous than Phoenix Mountain。Phoenix Mountain is the temple of Dahan，It is Li Tai’s hometown。This makes my heart skip a beat。more than ten years ago，I went to Dahan to search for Li Tai’s life experience、Deeds and legends。Start the electric car immediately，Heading towards Dahan。When we come to Phoenix Mountain，I just realized it，It turns out that it is the Great Han Palace that I visited in the early years。But I have no impression bet365 bonus code pa temple at all，However, the inscription is a mark of revisiting the field。Dangmiaozhu said to me impatiently，“You want to know about Li Tai，There is a monument outside the door"，I looked around in confusion and said I couldn’t find it，He had no choice but to take me to the monument。It turned out to be lying on the ground、Only a stone tablet with the four characters "Xianglu Guarantee" visible on the front。I suddenly became speechless。It was so in 2007，More than ten years have passed，Still reunite with it。Review the manuscript，The inscription impressively records the deeds of Li Tai written on the back bet365 bonus code pa stone tablet。The scene in my memory emerges: I vaguely remember that the villagers looked at me sincerely，Said "There are words on the back"，Work together to lift the stone monument，I was able to copy this complete "final conclusion" with a few missing words。At this time，I found a stone foundation standing next to the stone tablet，Didn’t pay any attention during the initial investigation。This feels “right”，The history of banditry that I studied is a slightly awkward and awkward situation no matter where it is placed，It is between official history and unofficial history，Somewhere between folklore、Between oral history and archival documents，I need to study the history bet365 bonus code pa party、Oral History、Between legends and archival documents, as well as physical archeology such as buildings，The authenticity that may come from repairing complex clues。Authenticity fixes，I lost my youthful fascination with postmodernism，More from cotton、The material world composed of coal and soot has a rough texture，Perhaps this texture constitutes the impulse and driving force for rewriting banditry。The poverty of small farmers recorded in oral history is more cruel than I imagined，And newspapers、Journals and other "current affairs" materials reproduce the difficult situation of early national industry，Conduct on-site investigation and criminal investigation of several historical events that occurred in the old city，Compensates for the unreliability of folklore，It also eliminates the legendary nature bet365 bonus code pa novel。

Until this work is completed，I just realized the influence of political economy and ecological anthropology on me，What I call the texture bet365 bonus code pa material world that approximates impulses and drives，Actually, it is a theoretical shock，It penetrates into the mind subtly，Transformed into "visible" writing activities that deal with the contradictions and connections of materials。Based on the synergistic destructive effect of rural violence and rural bankruptcy，I have my own judgment on ecological factors: under the abnormal industrial environment and laissez-faire local government governance，Because the countryside is in a position of being plundered and eroded in the commodity economy，Under the same poor political and economic conditions，The fragile ecological environment constitutes the inducement conditions for banditry，Agricultural settlements with fragile ecology are more likely to become breeding grounds for banditry。I don’t know when to start，Anthropology’s study of objects increasingly implies world imagination，Also contains the romantic feelings of "Wind, Flower, Snow, Moon, Poetry and Wine"。This is of course a matter of research interest，Compare to this，Yuda Flower Shop driven by cotton、Guangyi Cotton Factory、The packing plant and the coal-driven Liuhegou coal mine and the surrounding small coal mines，And it extends to Daheheng Flour Mill、Egg-beating factories and other food industries，Related to ordinary people’s cotton-padded clothes、Fuel and rations，Let barley and wheat reach their respective maturity stages and cotton and rapeseed、Common sense such as "intercropping" of sesame and other oil crops has turned into an urgent survival issue。Postmodernism focuses on rhetoric and representation "what fun"？I think bet365 bonus code pa Spring Festival in 2019，Professor Hill Gates in the kitchen of her self-built farmhouse in California，Holding a critical book on postmodernism，Speak to me firmly。Until early summer 2022，I turned this simple political economic thought into the source of writing。

As the real world increasingly reveals factory labor conditions、The rough interface between technology and nature such as the quality of cotton varieties and the differences in mine work types，Contradictions between labor and capital promote the rise bet365 bonus code pa labor movement，The proliferation of tobacco and drugs has blurred the boundaries between the gentry and the unstable class，The armed landlords in the countryside echo with the rich and nobles who gather in the high gates and deep houses in the old city，The noise bet365 bonus code pa industrial world is mixed with the bankruptcy of small and medium-sized landowners stimulated by smoke and the armed drug trafficking of big drug lords，The figure bet365 bonus code pa Japanese ronin is like a ghost forming the unemployed、Production stalled、The looming threat bet365 bonus code pa so-called "golden decade" bet365 bonus code pa Nanjing National Government due to strikes and banditry。A market system that connects a place to the larger world both accumulates wealth，There is also violence，There is no way to stop the pace of war。The Zhi-Feng War has come to an end，As the Puppet Manchuria accelerated the implementation bet365 bonus code pa "poisoning" policy of importing drugs into the mainland，The National Government in Nanjing was unable to solve rural bankruptcy、Under the fundamental premise of national industrial debt and the inability to achieve complete drug control，The banditry in northern Henan is just a wavering signal bet365 bonus code pa Japanese army’s full-scale invasion of China in 1937, and the storm is about to come。

After more than ten years，Standing outside the Great Cold Palace，I vaguely remember the scene bet365 bonus code pa villagers working together to erect the stone tablet lying on the ground，The closed door deep in my heart suddenly opened，A mysterious mistake，I turned around and came。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 bonus code pa, Shanghai University)