The emotional steering of sociological research provides another path for depicting the scene of the social operation.，Causes scholars to continue to discuss in various social fields。Randel Collins is well -known for its excellent emotional research，and its research on sports competition highlights this research trend。His cases in "Interactive Ritual Chain" and "Violence" have quoted a large number of cases of competitive sports，From an emotional perspective, I put forward their own unique insights to many competitive sports phenomena。The author intends to introduce the basic point of view of Collins about competitive sports，Try to take a glimpse of the specific appearance of the socialist emotional steering。

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Collins advocates watching competitive sports competitions as interactive rituals，is a "mechanism that concentrates of emotion and attention"。Interactive rituals must have four major elements，The body of the participants is present、The interaction boundary of the outsiders、Focus on common attention and the same mood。Almost all competitive sports competitions fit these elements，That is, the audience and athletes gathered in a relatively closed stadium，Athletes on the field attracted the attention of the audience，Everyone's mood follows the situation of the game.。

Successful interactive ceremony can trigger "collective joy"，That is a enhanced subjective state，Bring an extraordinary emotional experience to the participants present。Indeed，Athletic Sports Competition is the indulgent carnival of sports people。We often see the following scenes in the game: the championship athletes are hard to hide the excitement Bet365 lotto review and shout，with teammates、Coach crying with headache，Can't calm down for a long time; I saw the supporting team winning，The audience will also boil instantly，I will not regret applause and cheers，Get up and hug each other、Kiss，Want to celebrate。

Important emotional consequences as an interactive ritual，Athletic Sports Competition can first evoke the group solidarity experience of the group participants instantly。Collins analyzed the significant improvement of the unity of the two types of group members for the unity of the two types of group members。1 is athletes in the field、Coaches, etc. The facts of sharing and celebrating the victory of the game，Group cohesion will be significantly strengthened。Second, the audience on the stands will spontaneously gather together，Get the name or symbol logo of the team supported team in the audience's seat or show。After the supported team wins，Although it is difficult to contact the athletes directly，Their passion can still be ignited instantly，and strongly feel that they belong to a member of a member of a specific "fan group"。Because of this，I have a point of view，Modern Athletic Sports has social integration functions to some extent。

Next，Athletic Sports Competition as a type of layered interactive ritual，The emotional experience of the participating athletes is not consistent，There are differences in the level of emotional energy。The so -called emotional energy，"A self -confidence、Inspiring、I have motivation、The feeling of vitality and wanting to actively take action "，It was created by all interactive participants。Collins uses the concept of "emotional domination" to describe the phenomenon of the athletes of one athlete in the competition in competitive sports.。In some games，Athletes of both sides often appear to show the disparity: one athlete shows obvious advantages and dominates bet365 live casino games the rhythm of the game，Let yourself become the focus of the audience，Torrential leading competitions，until winning; the party who has been suppressed has to focus on the leader，Efforts to adapt to the rhythm of the opponent，until you lose the game。result is，The winner as the focus of the audience can gain huge emotional energy，And defeated athletes can only gain limited emotional energy and even lose emotional energy。

　　Group solidarity relieves emotional disorder

Face -to -face competitive sports is essentially a kind of violent confrontation。Sports is comparable to war，It's just that the degree of violence is inferior to the real war。Taekwondo、Taekwondo、Satta and many other close -range confrontation sports items，Athletes on both sides should attack the opponent's body violently，This often causes athletes to be injured，Occasionally there is a case of accidental injury。In people’s usual impression，Trained athletes to launch offensives to the opponent are likely to be ashamed。Especially in the confrontation atmosphere of the sword pluck，Athlete's "anger value" may directly "full"，Get ready to "fight" with the opponent at all times。

Collins draws the opposite conclusion based on video evidence。He found that in the competitive competition of confrontation，Athlete's anger is fleeting。They are more often shrouded by a kind of fear or even nervous emotion，and this to a large extent, it just restricts the offensive behavior of athletes。Collins explained to this: in the real competitive confrontation scene，Athletes gathered together in the same field，Focus on the same thing，It is involved in a common emotion and physical rhythm，The scene of this highly fitting interactive ritual element is easy to create group solidarity among competitors。Despite this，The competition requires athletes to treat other participants rationally Bet365 lotto review as opponents，This makes the athlete's nervous system handle two incompatible things at the same time，So they generally experience tension or fear。

In other words，If athletes can overcome the sense of tension and fear of confrontation，You can use violence at ease，It is more active and offensive in the game。Collins discussed the three typical situations of violence in competitive sports。First is the audience -oriented violence。When there is a crowd onlookers，If the attention of the participants is attracted by the audience，It can achieve emotional control from the interaction with the audience，Then overcome the tension and fear of confrontation。During the competition，Elite for the audience，The support from the audience felt by the participants will inspire them to take more violent offensives towards their opponents。Followed by group coordinated violence。In Basketball、Rugby、Ice Hockey and other group competition items，The continuous attention to teammates can reduce the touch of the athletes with the opponent's eyes，to alleviate their confrontation and fear。The rhythm of the teammates in the same field is more coordinated，The more you can overcome the tension，Active battle。Finally, concealed violence。Some athletes can be based on the situation of the competition，Through some fake action and other skills to conceal your true intentions，to avoid direct confrontation with the opponent，In exchange for offensive advantages。

　　Emotional strategy breaks through interactive deadlock

Absolute physiological advantages help athletes to win in competitive sports competitions。But if the athletes on both sides are equal，The competition will be in a state of stalemate。In this case，Emotional factors affect the results of the game.。Collins analyzed the two major emotional tips for winning the athletes。

First, try to use more bet365 best casino games close emotional unity and make wins。If athletes can build a closer emotional unity than their opponents，Whether this unity comes from the audience or teammate，They will have more offensive advantages，Experience more emotional energy that can be converted into physiological energy，These all help athletes to improve the performance and win the competition。Before the game and in the game，Coaches usually "cheer up" and "encourage" for the contestants in various ways，It is designed to evoke the sense of unity of athletes，Stimulate their emotional energy。

Second, win the competition through the strategy of emotional domination，is trying to break the unity of the opponent。Leading athletes or teams not only need to work hard to maintain their own rhythm，It also needs to disrupt the opponent's rhythm and emotional unity，If the speed is suddenly increased during the game、accuracy and strength，Seeing the opportunity。For example，In the short track speed skating competition，Some athletes will take "Rabbit Tactics"，By suddenly accelerating the distance from the opponent，to disrupt the rhythm of the opponent，even dragging the opponent。

In a high -level modern competitive sports event，There is a lot of difficulty to use the above emotional strategy to win。On the one hand，Each competition team pays special attention to the emotion of the athletes before and in the game，The means of "cheering" and "encouragement" for the coaches are also similar。In the case where both sides are sufficient，The competition will return to the state。On the other hand，In the top competition，Participants or teams are very strong，In the situation where a athletes have established a high -level competition rhythm，Back -behind athletes want to disrupt the rhythm of the opponent to stage "Anti -Wind Back" are not easy。

　Multi -dimensional extension emotional research strategy

bet365 live casino games In recent years，Affected by physical sociology，Tailorization research strategy is from Sports Sociology Research ZTE，Researchers began to pay attention to the interaction of the physical and external situation factors of sports participants。where，Research on the experience of physical and emotional experience is still lacking.。Collins' physical sociological thoughts have an important revelation for the key characters in our understanding of emotion in competitive sports。He emphasizes the social attributes of emotions outside personal attributes，Proposal will focus on the research focus on those relative hidden、Everbright or relatively long -lasting emotion and its micro dynamic mechanism，Understand the complicated sports phenomenon based on the emotional experience of competitive sports participants。

The introduction of emotional dimensions has opened a new agenda for sports sociology，Collins imagined the prospects of the research paradigm。He suggested that, first of all, it is necessary to do a more detailed classification discussion on competitive sports.。There are many categories of competitive sports projects，Skills features of different projects、Competition rules、Judging standards, there are also large differences。By dividing the competitive sports item group，Focus on the focus of the analysis in the same confrontation category、Speed ​​Power Class、Skills display category，Can enhance the targetedness of the research conclusion。

At the level of research method，Collins believes that technological innovation has created conditions for emotional research。Today's rapid development of technology，More and more image record technology (such as high -speed cameras、3D tracking system) is used in competitive sports competitions，can capture the facial expressions and limb movements of the researcher。At the bet365 live casino games same time，Many wearable sports equipment can also monitor and record the breathing of the athletes in real time、Heart rate、Adrenaline levels equal physiological indicators。With these high -tech，Researchers can observe all kinds of emotions operating in different schemes，Dig more valuable information from it。

　(Author Unit: Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China; Department of Sociology at the Central University of China)