After Zimeier revealed the sociological significance of "strangers"，From Parker to Schusz to Bowman，They all noticed the differences in the difference in the complex flow of "strangers" in modern Western society。Zegmont Bowman is known as "the greatest contemporary sociologist written in English"，His sociological research has keen insight and pioneering。In his works that spans more than half a century，"Stranger" (Stranger "concept is the most general for individual survival situation。Bowman's conceptualization of strangers from the perspective of other society，Exploring how strangers symbolize the contradictions that the order construction is trying to destroy，Understand and deeper understanding the root of social marginalization and cultural exclusion。As a social relationship，The category of strangers is not fixed，but unstable、flow，and varying from the social context。So，Bowman did not form a specific proposition about "strangers"，Instead, it is used as a product in different periods of society.。The discussion of his strangers shows the relationship between the relationship between the identity construction and the inter -subjective concept，The self -identity in this concept is composed of the opposition with others。In other words，Strangers are subject to a different opposition logic，To establish its existence differences。

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Modern planning is urgent to pursue universality，Hope to build a harmonious、Order order，in order to add stability and predictability to the social world。But in Bowman's view，The contradiction between order and chaos Bet365 app download represents the nature of the modern society world。The enthusiasm for the order of modernity is to overcome contradictions and accidentality，related to the suppression and exclusion of strangers。"'Strangers' does not have a positive significance" (Zimei)，Typical strangers who are orderly others are dusty and pure world dust，It is a potential threat of stability and fixed border established by modernity。From the perspective of order of order，Modern state build order and exclusive practice through rational legislation，The "stranger" as the order of the other threatens the certainty of order，It also makes the border that should have been clearly visible to lose color。In other words，Order is a dual practice，Including both structured activities that are meaningful to the world，It also includes distinguished different groups，Regenerative production of controlling a specific society。

According to the overall plan of the Enlightenment，Modern people should become a member of the society through accepting work and the abstract value of the country。The state expresses a sense of belonging that is greater than its independent part，The social layered structure based on work achievement determines the position of a person in society。But strangers are unavoidable by -products as a specific social order，There is no position (not possible) position in the orderly layout。So，Bowman discusses different ways to treat strangers in modern society，Large Strauss to a large extent, two strategies for transforming "strangers"，That is "assimilation strategy" and "exclusion strategy"。In general，"Assimilation Strategy" is to try his best to assimilate strangers，Gives them new order and rules through metabolism，Makes the culture or language of "strangers" and "us"，to reduce their strangeness。bet365 best casino games "Revisibility Strategy" is to expel strangers every way，Limit them outside the boundary of the controlled field，or put them in a specially designed institution or a slum，To ensure a safe distance with "us"。But，Modernity The strategy of using assimilation and exclusion at the same time，Try to make double rejecting strangers from culture and body，Create a world without strangers。As Bowman criticized，The ambition to build social order in modern society has led to a form of legalization and presence，This cannot be understood in addition to the order of modernity and the rational achievement of technical rationality。

　　As a stranger as a modern culture

Bowman thinks，Culture is a way of expression of human creative significance and order activities。As a structured culture, it can be interpreted as a practice，"Create the object world through practice，Reconstruction of the inorganic world，People prove that they are conscious categories "(Marx)。From the perspective of this body theory，Structure is the inherent ability of humans to build the world，Human beings not only shape the world，It is also shaped by the world。From Bowman's view，The structured activity of shaping the social world through structured cultural practice is an asymmetric process，This process "Place the guardian in the sight of the guardian/guardian" (Bowman)。In other words，The degree of control of a group to another group depends on the extent to which the former can determine and predict the latter's behavioral activity。According to Bowman's review of culture，We can clearly see，Establishment of specific social and cultural order，Not only a way human beings structure their own world in the process of trying to understand the world，It is also related to the sense of belonging of human beings。Because culture is a structural Bet365 app download activity，Human beings have obtained a collective identity that is vital to their sense of belonging。Human beings not only find a specific position in the world，and also found the way to determine whether another person belongs to a group: judge a person belongs to the group or outsiders。People inside the group constitute a collective "we"，Represents friends、Close of the community and others，and group people constitute a collective "them"，It represents the enemy or outsiders，and being placed outside a certain distance。

But，When a stranger is a cultural others，The border becomes blurred and uncertain。Bowman thinks，Cultural other people are not strengthening the border，Instead, the border problem is problematic。On this level，The stranger of the other person is a stranger in the third boundary.，Threat the identity of the people inside and the group。According to Bowman's research，Strangers do not constitute a society -based、Independent group of culture or race similarity，They cannot be classified，It cannot be classified。Strangers reflect the "non -position" that exists between the given category，It is neither in the "group" nor "outside the group"，Nothing "friends" nor "enemy"，His emergence indicates the interference of the culture he entered。So，The social construction of strangers is different from the social construction of people inside and out of the group，Instead, it is constructed in the contradiction subject position between the two。In this case，Bowman introduced contradictory concepts to describe strangers as "absolute contradiction mixture"。So，Modern projects to maintain and control social order，The exclusion of strangers is expressed by cultural incompetence or uncomfortableness。

　　Strangers as a consumer society

"All society will produce strangers; but each society Bet365 lotto review produces its own stranger，and they produced them in a unique way。"(Bowman) When a rational、Order、The solid modern society has transformed into a flow、Globalization consumer society，The new social category appears and develops，In turn, it constitutes the basis for reshaping the departure strangers。Bowman pointed out in the description of the consumer society and the society it depends on the other person it depends on，The strangers of the other of the consumer society are represented by "defective consumers" or "new poor".。In a consumer society，Capital controls the market，Then people who control capital build social order to a large extent，instead of being constructed by social order。This control and dominance of others breed new inequality，Because consumers are arranged by the market's structure and consumption capacity，So qualified consumers think they are freedom，"To maximize the existence through systematic development of all potential enjoyment" (Baltrician)。But，In a consumer society that surrounds consumption and freely organized，Those who cannot exercise their freedom are regarded as a flawed consumers。Here，Bowman uses the concept of strangers to the conceptualization of the opposite identity。The relationship between self (qualified consumers) and others (defective consumers) is based on the reiteration of others' identity，Identification of maintaining itself。From Bowman's view，Stranges stipulated in consumer society (defective consumers)，Not opposite to demand，Instead, it is opposite to its own consumption capacity。So，Defects consumers do not constitute functional disorders for consumer society，but the existence and maintenance methods of the consumer society。

other，Bowman also discussed from the perspective of globalization the stranger Bet365 lotto review as a "forced tourist" or "wanderer"。From Bowman's view，Just as the spending power determines whether a person is a qualified consumer，Whether to obtain global space and liquidity constitutes the basis of the most important social layering type，It determines the position of a person in the world order。In the postmodern and diverse world，The world is divided into tourists and forced tourists，or tourists and wanderers，The latter belongs to the new stranger。Tourists can freely stay or move in accordance with their own wishes，Dangxin、More exciting opportunities to summon them elsewhere，They can give up the current position。So，Globalization is the dream and wish for tourists。The reason why tourists flow，It is because they found that the world they can reach has an irresistible attractiveness，while the wanderer does not choose the freedom of flowing or not。Wanderers have been in a state of homelessness，Either to be banned from leaving yourself，Either forced to leave。Wanderers have the same characteristics as defective consumers，All represent different、contradictions，Because they have unnecessary features hovering at the orderly social entrance。It is in this way，Bowman understands the wanderer as a nightmare for tourists，It shows that if tourists cannot cope with the pressure and anxiety brought by the "mobile life" of global consumers，It will become his own others。

visible through the above analysis，From Bowman's view，The magnificent project of modernity is threatened as the order and cultural others，and try to marginalize as strangers of others，But in fact rely on these others to build themselves。In fact，The desire for order and the desire for establishing identity through differences did not weaken。As a path that may solve the problem of strangers，A more flexible Bet365 app download coexistence method is more desirable。For this，Bowman's analysis framework based on the "strangers" three -sighted analysis framework proposed the moral responsibility of "for others"，improving the love and responsibility with strangers with a moral attitude，Finally realized the harmony with strangers。

(This article is a graduate scientific research project of Heilongjiang University Graduate Innovation Scientific Research Project "Zegmont Bowman's Postmodern Ethics Thoughts" (YJSCX20222-014HLJU) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Heilongjiang University)