Current，China has entered an industrial society from agricultural society，and gradually enter the information society and smart society。In the process of these social changes，Many new situations and new problems emerged。For example，How about the development of China's overall economy now、What are the characteristics of social structure、What are the characteristics of people's ideological value orientation，etc.，These problems require us to conduct in -depth investigations and research。Therefore，How to conduct investigations and research become an important subject。The author intends to start from the subject of sociology，Briefly introduce the methodology and experience practice followed by sociologists when doing surveys。

Reviewing the history of Chinese sociology can be known，Start from the first generation of sociologists such as Tao Menghe，Pay great importance to social surveys。Tao Menghe returned from studying in the UK，A social survey office was established in Beijing。Methodology for social surveys，At the beginning of the pioneering of Chinese sociology, a "controversy" about "how to study Chinese society"，"Social Survey" and "Sociology Survey" (or "Community Research") have appeared.。The former is represented by Li Jinghan's Dingxian survey，The latter is mainly reflected in the "community research" pushed by Wu Wenzao and Fei Xiaotong。

According to the definition of Li Jinghan，"Social Bet365 lotto review Survey" is "with a systematic scientific method，Investigate the actual situation of the society，Use statistical method，Materials collected and collected (including watchmaking drawing，Find percentage、average item)，Analysis of the element of social phenomena "。He further distinguished two types of social surveys，One category is "Social Survey, which is purely for knowledge"，Another category is "Social Survey of Application for Social Improvement"。What he admires the latter。In his opinion，The role of social survey is to investigate the various facts of society with scientific methods，Then discuss the method of transforming society according to the facts，Solution to solve social。

In the investigation unit，Social survey prefer to investigate a county，Conditions are not allowed to investigate a part of the county，For example, a township or several villages。You can conduct a survey after confirmation，mainly includes selection points、Investigation Design、Contact place、Formal survey、Sort the information and write a report and other steps。Social survey should be carried out within a large area and follows a set of stricter procedures，The collection of information is mainly completed by the statistical law。During the investigation，Li Jinghan is comprehensively presenting the comprehensive situation of local society。For example，His survey in Dingxian involves the geography of the county、History、County Government and other local groups、Population、Education、Health and hygiene、Bet365 app download Farmers' living expenses、custom habits、Belief、Tax、Agriculture、Industry and Commerce、Rural lending、Disaster and other content。In his own words，He just wants to "investigate all the social situation in the county，Discover various problems in the countryside "。Even if the investigation unit is reduced，He did not abandon the pursuit of "seeking all"。For example，When investigating the living conditions of rural families in the suburbs of Beijing，Except for investigating the various expenditures and income of the family interviewed to understand its economic situation，It also comes with investigating their race、Marriage、Residence、Health、Education and cultural level。

Different "social survey" methods in various aspects such as surveys such as Dingxian Survey，Yanjing School developed "Sociology Survey"，Typical representative is Fei Xiaotong's "Jiangcun Economy"。Sociology Survey is also called "Community Research"。The boundary of a community is not fixed，One city and one province、One city and one province，Even a country can become a "community"。Investigation is guided by functional theory。Before the investigation starts，From the perspective of functional theory, the selected community is an organic whole，Interconnected between each part and assume specific functions。Based on this，The first step in community research is to describe the social structure of a community in a certain time and space in detail。Step to compare research，Social structure of different communities，Summarize bet365 best casino games the corresponding mode，So as to get the understanding of the whole society。Community studies also try to learn about the comprehensive situation of the local area，But the understanding of what is "comprehensive" is different from the "social survey" school。According to Wu Wenzao's definition，A complete "community" includes at least the following three elements: "(1) the people; (2) the area where the people live in;。"This meaning summarizes the most basic investigation content of community research。Where，"Culture" is the core of community research，Material culture of a community、symbolic culture (or language)、Social Organization、Spiritual culture, etc., require researchers to master。At the same time，Community studies pay special attention to capturing contact between the community's parts。In addition，A community research should also involve three dimensions，The cross -section of the community (that is, the community situation within the specified period)、Contacts of the community and other external communities，change of the community。

Sociology Survey faction affirmed Li Jinghan's "social survey" in describing the strength of social situation，I believe that it uses local information，Record the etiquette of civil style、Customs and other non -material cultural content，Pay attention to field surveys，Make up the disadvantages of the local Zhizhi closed doors and cars。but，They also pointed out the disadvantages of this social survey，is just a description of the static section，The dynamic mechanism Bet365 app download behind social facts failed。Real sociological research "not only describes the facts，Record Facts，It is also necessary to explain the meaning of the connotation，Explanation of the cause of the facts "，"Community Research" can do this。Therefore，To truly understand the overall Chinese society and culture，You need to use a sociological survey method for community research。Sociology Investigation School also thinks，Many social surveys have been limited to one or some aspects of the past，What is the significance behind the boring number。To correct these disadvantages，Need community research，To overall、Systematic perspective to analyze。

"Social Survey" is more than the facts of grasping the social aspects，"Community Research" is good at understanding the connection and meaning of social facts，Both have their own strengths。Now it seems，The controversy of these two genres is essentially the dispute between quantitative research and quality research within the social (science) academic community for a long time。Quantitative studies can generally grasp the situation of the number of things，But it is often easy to flow to the surface，Especially the relationship between things or between variables is too simplified。Compared with，Quality research can avoid the disadvantages of the former through specific and micro analysis，But it is also facing a question that is difficult to promote the overall promotion based on the qualitative judgment of a few cases。No matter what，Social survey and sociological survey's claims adhere to the old bet365 Play online games tradition of Chinese intellectuals，It is also a good tradition，。From the perspective of actual use，It is best to combine quantitative and qualitative。Before the design research plan，Quantitative research actually needs to be guided by micro -specific quality research，During the research process, you can also choose a specific case for quality exploration of the operating mechanism。Quality analysis can also be portrayed by quantitative methods and inspect and promote the proposition found。Two methods combined with，complement each other，Make up for each other's deficiencies。

To solve the new problems that appeared in the new period，It is necessary to investigate in -depth research and study the current social actual situation，To achieve effective social governance，Promoting Chinese -style modernization，The great revival of the Chinese nation。Except for quantity、Qualitative close combination，Social surveys in the intelligent era must also keep pace with the times，To better deal with new challenges。For example，Big Data、Platform economy based on cloud computing and artificial intelligence，It is no longer a traditional method that can be completely cope。So，To grasp the characteristics and situation of the smart society，It is necessary to "make full use of the Internet、Big data and other modern information technology conducts investigations and research，Improve science and effectiveness "。Use these technologies to empower the traditional investigation。Of course，The most important thing is that as an expert and bet365 Play online games decision maker must be down -to -earth。Investigation cannot "take a horse to watch flowers"，Even "watching flowers" is not enough，Probably "Mall of Flower"，That is not only to taste the taste of pears，Also study Xiali Tree，Even the entire fruit forest。

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