Mentioning my country's agricultural geographical structure，The first reaction of many people will probably be South Daobei。Directly related to it，It is the diet structure，We generally think，Southerners use rice as a staple food，Northerners prefer various pasta。But，Wheat crops are native to West Asia，This is the agricultural geographical structure that we are familiar with，Gradually formed after the Han Dynasty，Complete establishment may even be late until the Sui and Tang dynasties，Is the planting system、Crop machining tools、Food types and other changes in various changes。Thousands of years before that，Milk and 黍, which originated in northern my country, has always been the main local food crops。South Daei Ansu is the original distribution pattern of Chinese crops。

Just as Qinling -Huaihe River is not really clearly divided into two natural geographical areas，The distribution of crops and dietary habits can not be separated。Historically and even modern southern regions，The planting of wheat is quite wide，and rice and pasta have already been under the dual -divided binary pattern of north and south，Empered into the distribution range of the other party。Similarly，In recent years, plant archeological research also proves，The crop pattern of the Nanta North Cruffle in the Neolithic era，After formation, it was gradually broken after formation，The millet that originated in the north has been introduced into the south through different channels，and is widely planted and used。

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So far，Exploring the origin of millet，It mainly depends on two evidence bet365 best casino games and technical means，1 is plant relics，Including seeds and thyroid，The second is the analysis of the stable isotope of the bone。Appraisal standards established based on modern plants，It can better identify the seeds and thyroids unearthed in the archeological site，Combined with the evidence of the age，You can initially confirm the time and place of domestication。At the same time，Since the millet is all C4 plants，and the local natural vegetation is mainly C3 plant，Therefore, the analysis of the stable isotope of human bone，It can clearly identify whether the food structure of the crowd in a certain period has been based on C4 plants，Therefore, it is preserved in the status of the agriculture in the biological industry at that time。

Based on the above means，There are more than a dozen Neolithic era early mid -to -middle sites carried out targeted research work，Among them, the more important ones include Chifeng Xinglonggou, Inner Mongolia，Beijing Fang Shandong Hulin，Hebei Wu'an Mountain，Zhangma Tun, Jinan, Shandong、Moon Zhuang and Xihe，Henan Xinzheng Tang House，Baijia Village, Lintong, Shaanxi，Gansu Qin'an Dadi Bay, etc.。The earliest of these sites can be 9000 years ago，But most of the age is around 8000-7500 years away。

According to these evidence，We can basically confirm，At least in the middle of the Neolithic Age that is at least 8000 years ago，Su Zuo Agriculture is already included in East Inner Mongolia、North China、Shandong、Central Plains、This vast area of ​​Guanzhong and Longxi is generally common。Dadi Bay、Xinglonggou and other sites unearthed the analysis of the stable isotope analysis of human bones and dog bones.，Musch has become the main food resource in some areas at the time。

囿 Limits of materials and research methods，At present, the specific process of domestication is still lacking understanding。Bet365 lotto review Based on archeological evidence in all aspects，domestication of millet、Establishment of the main position of agriculture in the biological economy，It seems to be closely related to the emergence of settlement，and a systematic change that is quickly completed in a short period of time。Nearly ten sites mentioned above，Generally, the original agricultural area of ​​northern my country is set.，Then with the agricultural expansion and inter -regional exchanges between Yangshao culture in the early and middle period of Yangshao culture，Most areas suitable for crop planting in the northern region have completed the agricultural process of agriculturalization around 6000 years later。

　　Central route

The expansion of the agricultural agriculture in the northern region is，The exchange of the North and South Agricultural Area has also begun。Totou Mountain, Yixian County, Hunan is the site of the first discovery of the new stone in the southern region in the southern region，About 5800 years from the time。Later，In the late New Stone era in the two lakes,，A millet relics are generally found，strongly proved that the crop structure of the mixed crop of rice and millet starting to appear locally from 5800，And can continue to continue。

Bonds of more than 6,000 years of rice relics have relevant evidence that appeared in the Central Plains and Guanzhong regions，The communication channel through the Nanyang Basin should be one of the important lines of early transmission of north and south crops。but but，Whether this line continues to affect south of Hunan，Unclear because of lack of evidence，But it failed to break through the South Ridge and affect the two Guangzhou regions，is basically sure。

　　Western Channel

This channel entered Yunnan via Sichuan from southern Gansu，is another important line of Zu Zuo agricultural communication。Bet365 lotto review 2000-12，Discovery in the Panshan site in Maoxian County in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River，Majiayao cultural crowd has expanded south to northwestern Sichuan in 6000-5500 years ago，A large amount of millet unearthed from the site is the direct evidence of the early stages of agriculture to spread to the southwestern region。but but，Subsequent research indicates，Sichuan affected by this channel、Late New Stone Times in Yunnan and other places，In addition to millet from Gansu，It is generally seen in rice relics。This means that there is another source here in the early days here，The middle reaches of the Yangtze River is one of the possible areas，The possibility of the southern Shaanxi region in the upper reaches of Hanshui cannot be ignored。

No matter where it comes from，Gravity of rice millet is an important feature of the early crop structure of the Southwest region，This is certain。According to Yanyuan's Tongjiabao、Research results of sites such as Bangchuan Barn Village and other sites，This combination is roughly spread to southwestern Sichuan around 5000 years before and after today，Later at 4600 years before or even earlier，It has reached the Erhai Lake area of ​​western Yunnan。other，The emergence of early agriculture in the Sichuan Basin and southern Tibet，All the influence results of this channel branch line，The emergence of agriculture in Southeast Asia may also be related to this channel。

What needs special explanation is，Different from the interchange between the central lines of the two agricultural systems and the central line mentioned earlier，The area affected by this western channel originally did not have any new stone population。So，The agricultural communication process here is accompanied by the communication of the entire Neolithic lifestyle and technical system，It bet365 Play online games is both the local agricultural process，It is also the process of neolithicization，Public migration may be an important way to achieve this process。

　　Southeast Communication

The problem of spreading to the southeast region，To some extent, the southern region of my country is the concept of the pure rice agricultural area.，Coupled with the long -term lack of plant archeological research in these areas，It has not been able to attract the attention of researchers。Archaeological discovery related to agricultural communication in this direction，Originally from the Nantong Lidong site from Tainan region。This site unearthed in archeological excavations began in 2002 and unearthed a large number of crop relics，Three types of rice millet。

Because the nearby Fujian and other places have always been considered a simple rice -made agricultural area，Researchers will find the eyes of early Taiwan's source of agriculture to other regions。According to the new stone artifacts in various regions, crop combinations，Simultaneous combination of Shandong and Nantong Lidong both appears evidence of tooth extraction，Some scholars proposed，The emergence of early agriculture in Taiwan should originate from the spread of the coastal road in Shandong。until in recent years，With Nanshan, Mingxi, Fujian、Xiapu Cucumber Mountain、A series of new stone instruments such as screens such as screens in the late stages of the late -stage sites of plant archeological research work，This view has gradually been re -examined。

According to existing evidence，Agriculture is introduced into Fujian area around 5,000 years before and after today，Crafts combination includes rice、Su、黍 Three types，This crop structure has been continued locally，spread to Taiwan around 4500 years，Then reach Luzon Island and other places in the Philippines。The direct source of the crop combination of Fujian bet365 live casino games should be the nearby Jiangxi area，If you trace further，There are two possible sources of Hubei and Anhui。

Specific communication process about this route，There are still many problems at present，All need to be in Jiangxi、Anhui and other places in Anhui and other places in the Neolithic Site System of Anhui and other places can be gradually solved。but but，From Jiangxi Xinqian Niucheng、The clues of the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties in Wuhua County, Guangdong, Guangdong,，These areas may indeed maintain the crop structure of rice millet for a long time，and via Hubei、The millet introduced into Jiangxi in Anhui not only entered Fujian，May still reach Guangdong。

What needs special explanation is，Fujian、Guangdong、Taiwan and other places，Before that, I had lived can make pottery and grinding stone，But the new stone group who lives in fishing and hunting，This agricultural communication process is the transformation process of the biological economy of these regions。While agriculturalization，Local cultural appearance、Living customs and even crowd structure have also been significantly affected，This is different from the aforementioned two lines。

Look at the above three main communication routes and areas involved，It is not difficult to see，Only the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Lake in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River always maintains a single rice agricultural economy in the Neolithic era。New Stone Age late，Other agricultural districts in southern my country，Both planting a certain percentage of millet。The emergence of this phenomenon，A very important reason may be related to the terrain conditions of these regions。Mountains in the southern region of my country、Hills accounted for a large proportion，In the case of limited capacity such as human transformation of terrain and irrigation technology，These areas bet365 Play online games cannot achieve large -scale rice production agricultural production，The introduction of millet can use many fields that cannot be planted in rice，To ensure enough food supply。other，In rice agriculture in many areas in the south at that time，Is rice or dry rice actually existing questions，These need to be solved in more deeper and extensive research in the future。

(Author Unit: Peking University Archaeological Expo College)