The Middle Ages have a special place in world bet with bet365，Most of the major countries in the world today were born in the Middle Ages。The world’s major cultural circles were also finalized in the Middle Ages。Middle Ages，Eastern Advanced、Western Europe is lagging behind。16th-17th century，The two sides began to exchange positions。The roots of this change must be traced back hundreds of years。First half of the 20th century，China’s research on world medieval bet with bet365 has not yet begun。After the founding of the People's Republic of China，The study of medieval bet with bet365 begins，Most of the discussions are about basic historical issues。After reform and opening up，The field of medieval bet with bet365 has truly entered the research stage，Gradually condensed academic characteristics。

　　The rise of a holistic view of world bet with bet365

The first thirty years after the founding of New China (1949-1978)，The academic circle of bet with bet365 in my country basically adopts the subject system of the "General bet with bet365 of the World" of the Soviet Academy of Sciences，Take the five modes of production and social forms as the red line，Divide world bet with bet365 into ancient times、Middle Ages、Four eras of modern times and modern times。One of the misunderstandings of this periodization method is to use European bet with bet365 as the periodization standard for world bet with bet365。World bet with bet365 textbook compiled at that time，Spinning off Chinese bet with bet365 due to division of labor，Only includes foreign bet with bet365。

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，World bet with bet365 research ushered in spring。The world bet with bet365 academic community is inspired by the spirit of the times，Conducted a profound reflection on the world bet with bet365 system。1980s，The most urgent call from the domestic world bet with bet365 community is to build China’s own world bet with bet365 system。Many scholars pointed out，World bet with bet365 should not be a foreign bet with bet365 that does not include Chinese bet with bet365，It shouldn’t be all countries in the world、Simple addition of the bet with bet365 of each region，We must get rid of “Eurocentrism”。As a natural outcome of this discussion，Our country finally formed an overall world view of bet with bet365，The six-volume "World bet with bet365" textbook is a systematic presentation of this historical view。

From the perspective of overall world bet with bet365，World bet with bet365 should be the bet with bet365 of the world as a whole；This whole world did not exist from the beginning，It is the result of historical development；The 15th and 16th centuries were a critical period for the world's overall development。This is a comprehensive comparison of the social economy of the East and the West in these two centuries，It becomes the research theme of the overall world historical view。In this period of transition from medieval times to modern times，Whether Eastern or Western Europe，Politics has appeared、Changes in many aspects of economy and society。In terms of promoting the world to develop as a whole，The changes in Europe are the most critical。This overall view of world bet with bet365 is known as "the rise of a new theory of world bet with bet365 in our country"，It has become an academic thought generally agreed and upheld by the academic circles in my country，Comparable to the global view of bet with bet365 advocated by American historians。

　　Comparison between China and the West to thematic exploration

Since the 1980s，Discussing why China’s feudal society continues for so long、On the basis of problems such as the shorter feudal society in Western Europe and the rapid transition to capitalism，World medieval historians gradually focus on comparative research on Chinese and Western feudal societies。Some systematically compared the political systems of the British Tudor Dynasty and the Chinese Ming Dynasty in the 16th century。Some organizations conduct domestic research on Chinese bet with bet365、Japanese bet with bet365、Scholar of British bet with bet365 and Russian bet with bet365，State-owned land、Land ownership、Real Estate Management、Farmer identity、Peasant economy、Feudal city、Business and Industry、Compare urban residents and other aspects；Comprehensive exploration of the feudal economy of Asia and Europe、Political system、Social Structure、How society and culture move toward modern civilization，Expand Asian and European countries such as Italy、Netherlands、UK、France、Germany、Türkiye、Japan、Comparison of China’s different paths toward modern times。Some people are interested in the feudal economic form of Western Europe、British feudal society、In-depth study of the feudal economics and politics of the East and West，And launched a very in-depth comparison of Chinese and Western feudal societies，Point out that the feudal factors in Western Europe in the Middle Ages are no less than those in the East，The rise should be examined over a long period of time。Some pay special attention to the role of farmers’ personal power growth in the social transformation of Western Europe。The debate about the role and status of Columbus、Discussion on the production estimates of medieval farmers in Western Europe，It has become a good story in domestic and world bet with bet365，Activated the academic atmosphere in the field of medieval bet with bet365。

Excellent foreign language skills、Learn both Chinese and Western knowledge，This is the confidence of the older generation of scholars who are good at comparing China and the West。Medieval historians who grew up after the reform and opening up focused on European bet with bet365，Thematic exploration is increasing，Since the 1990s，The ideological achievements of this generation of scholars have begun to explode。When discussing why Europe can accumulate energy and rise first，Most people focus on economic bet with bet365、Social bet with bet365。On the medieval peasants of Western Europe、Thinking about agriculture and land issues，It may be thought that wealthy farmers have become the leaders of rural modernization，It may be discovered that there is political space in Western Europe that allows farmers to develop their personal power，Maybe the concept of community represented by the open land system in Western European rural areas can help eliminate absolute poverty in rural areas，It may be considered that real estate management in the Middle Ages became the source of capitalist agriculture。Squire engaged in capitalist management，Gradually forming a force，Enter the national political field。As one of the most prominent features of the European Middle Ages，The development of autonomous cities and industry and commerce receives special attention。Medieval cities gave birth to many elements of European civilization，Commodity currency relationship formed on the basis of industry and commerce，Disintegrated the natural agricultural economy，Promoted the development of rural industry，Prompt urban and rural areas to fully launch the commodity economy and modernization process。Some emphasize the stimulation and protection functions of the system，Maybe the establishment of private property rights is the institutional prerequisite for Western Europe to move toward capitalism，It may be pointed out that there is a circulation mechanism in Western Europe that integrates various economic and social factors into product and factor markets、The accumulation mechanism of social property and wealth、Guarantee mechanism for productive activities。Research on economic bet with bet365 and social bet with bet365 also shows a tendency to merge into economic and social bet with bet365。

　　The research craze is in the ascendant

Taking advantage of reform and opening up、The spring breeze of rapid economic development，Since the mid-1990s，Especially after entering the 21st century，my country’s research on world medieval bet with bet365 has entered a period of prosperity。According to incomplete statistics，Since the establishment of a major social science research project of the Ministry of Education in 2003、Since the establishment of major national social science fund bidding projects in 2005，There are more than a dozen selected research topics on world medieval bet with bet365，There are more than a dozen items involving medieval bet with bet365。Many research monographs have been included in the National Social Science Achievements Library。This period，The generation of scholars who grew up in the 1980s and 1990s continued to deepen existing research，Academic thought reaches maturity，Gradually assume important academic responsibilities in this field。Newly trained young and middle-aged scholars are beginning to emerge in their respective fields。Overseas students studying for degrees in Europe and the United States are returning home one after another，Brings a fresh breeze，Enriching the themes and methods of medieval bet with bet365 research。Economic development has greatly improved research conditions，Increased international exchanges，The rise of network technology，Researchers can aim at the academic frontier as soon as possible，Get the latest information，Contact and possess more first-hand information。

Since entering the 21st century，The trend of research on medieval bet with bet365 in my country is very clear，Research trends with Chinese characteristics。

First，Conduct a systematic summary study on grand topics。For example，The "bet with bet365 of the European Renaissance" series includes politics、Economy、bet with bet365、Law、Literature、Philosophy、Art、Religion、Education、Science and Technology、City and Social Life and other volumes。The European Civilization Process Research Project Exploring Government、Financial taxes、Nationality、Concept、Religion、Rule of law、Farmers and land、Standard of living、Education、Culture、Benefits、Industrial、Trade、Urbanization and other aspects。

Second，Refined research in traditional fields，by macro、Mesoscopic thinking moves toward microscopic empirical investigation，If a large amount of economic bet with bet365 emerges、Social bet with bet365 Case Study，To women’s bet with bet365、Family bet with bet365、Crime bet with bet365、Children’s bet with bet365、Advancing in new social bet with bet365 fields such as social governance。

　Third，Research in many important fields has suddenly emerged。For example，Study of Christian Churches and Doctrine、Research on the Byzantine Empire、Research on Early Medieval Western Europe、Research on Western European Finance and Taxation，and Arabia、Middle East and Central Asian Studies, etc.，All have formed a strong research team，Achieved many significant results。

　Fourth，The historical research method of returning to the classics，Emphasis on medieval languages，Emphasis on the research and revision of historical materials。Organization、Translating and studying original foreign archives has become a common practice，Such as the compilation and research of documents from the Frankish Kingdom、Compilation and research of British economic and social bet with bet365 documents, etc.。

　Fifth，Keep up with the international academic frontier，Creating new research fields。For example，Medical Social bet with bet365、Environmental bet with bet365 and urban bet with bet365, etc.，Both are fields that are very popular among young scholars today。This is an echo of facing the current social reality，It also reflects that the new generation’s academic pursuit goals are more lofty。This is exactly where my country’s hope lies in the study of world medieval bet with bet365。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of bet with bet365 and Culture, Tianjin Normal University、Chairman of the Medieval bet with bet365 Professional Committee of the Chinese World Ancient Medieval bet with bet365 Research Association)