Qin Rise from the West，Destroy the six kingdoms with a strong national power，Realized unity。The political construction of the Qin Empire has a long -term impact on future generations，Therefore, the significance of Qin Shi is valued。The construction of the Qin people's classic culture has lagged behind in the Eastern countries。History description also started late，The number of ancient books in Qin Shi is not large，"Historical Records" and other classic literature reserved memory is very precious。With the progress of archeological work，Multiple aspects of information obtained for years of full information、enriched our understanding of Qin Shi and Qin culture，The study of Qin ancient natives has obtained better conditions。

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Mr. Chen Zhi is an influential scholar in the practice of the "duo" in the history of the Qin and Han Dynasty.。Mr. Zhang said, "(Chen Zhi) Rigidity，The material is solid，Document materials and archeological physical objects are combined，Confirmation of the argument，The style of writing is simple and no Hua Hua。"(" Academic and Human -Man -the 90th Anniversary of the December of Memorial Mr. Chen Zhi "，"Mr. Chen Zhi Memorial Collection"，Northwest University Press 1992 edition，page 15) This is a literature research、A correct path for research of ancient books。As Mr. Li Xueqin pointed out，"The road he develops，I have affirmed most of the academic circles。This is exactly the dual evidence method advocated by Wang Guowei to make further play，to achieve rich results。"(" Mr. Chen Zhi, his affairs "，"Mr. Chen Zhi Memorial Collection"，pp. 23-24) Chen Zhi "History New Certificate" and "Hanshu New Certificate" advocated "(History) this article，The academic concept of the unearthed antiques is proved "，Get the more general affirmation of the academic community。The known Qin Guoruan History Book is now known as "Qin Ji"。Qin Shihuang Burning Books The so -called "Historical Officer's Non -Qin Ji" is burned by ("Historical Records" Volume 6 "Qin Shihuang Benji")，that historical bet365 Play online games records of various countries are banned，Only the history of the Qin Kingdom can be kept。"Historical Records" Volume 15 "Six Kingdoms New Year" says: "Unique" Qin Ji "，No Sun and Moon，Its text is slightly not。"Sima Qian wrote again，"Tai Shi Gong Read" Qin Ji "，"Yu Qin Ji"。It can be seen that his book "Historical Records" adopts the content of "Qin Ji"。Later generations said: "Historical Records" "According to" Qin Ji "as the basis，This is why the Qin people are very detailed! "(Sun Deqian's" Tai Shi Gong Book Yifa Fa · Near "1925 Siyi Ji issue)

We can no longer see the original appearance of "Qin Ji" today，You can know from some signs，This history book written by Qin people，Maybe there is a record of "strange" and "indifference"。Mr. Li Xueqin once analyzed several briefs called "Secretary of the Tomb" in the Qin Jianyuan briefing of Tianshui，"I feel that the story is quite similar to some of the books such as" Search God "，and the times have been 500 years earlier，Have more important research value "。Jian Wen described a person named "Dan" for three years after his death，Tells the vision of in another world after death。The beginning of its article is called "August 28th August，Di Ji Chi Dare to Emperor Royal History "，The word "Seven Years" in the text，Culture and style, such as documentary documentary。(Li Xueqin: "The Story of the Story of Magnatteen Malaysia"，"Cultural Relics", No. 4, 1990) This important cultural phenomenon of this important cultural phenomenon for us to know the history of the Qin people，It has a certain enlightenment meaning。The Qin Shi record of "Historical Records" is mostly based on "Qin Ji"，Do not wait for more words。Actually，"Han Book" is also a literature that Qin Shi research must pay attention to。"Han Book" is the first history of the discipline of the biography。Although the theme of Han history is based on the history of Han，But Liu Bang and his comrades of the Han Dynasty were adults in Qin Shi。Their thought words and deeds，Reserved Qin Shi Memory。Han and the world，Its political construction inherits the Qin system more。"Han Shu" naturally cannot avoid Qin Shi。"Hanshu" Volume 20 "Ancient and Modern Man"，also includes the review of the figures of Qin Shi。

It should be said，Chen Zhi's "New Certificate of History" and "Hanshu bet365 Play online games New Certificate" opened a working path such as "proof of unearthed antiquities"。After Chen Zhi，Many scholars continue to do such a job，and achieved significant achievements。If a young scholar is willing to follow Chen Zhi to do the work of "Historical Records" and "Hanshu New Certificate" after Chen Zhi，Conditions have matured。

　　Information gain of the research of ancient books in archeology and Qin history

Take the early history of the Qin as an example，Archaeologist work in eastern Gansu，Qin Shi Literature's original information。We know therefore，The animal animal husbandry of the ancestors of the Qin people here、Operations of farming and forestry，What kind of productive level has reached，What kind of civilized history does it show。You can see through archeological discovery，What kind of choice did the Qin people make between the early Qin people in the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin。Early Chu Shi can also see such a choice。The Qin people finally selected the aggressive direction that developed eastward through the Weihe River Basin。Yong from the west of Guanzhong，Xianyang, central Guanzhong，Archaeological Discovery of the Qin Site and Qinling Tomb，The knowledge obtained from the ancient books of the Qin history became greatly gain。The excavation of the site of Liyang City includes the excavation of Tao Wen，Makes us see "City Puyang", "Rain Jin Liyang", "Migration of Puyang" ("Historical Records" Volume 5 "Qin Benji")、"Puyang Yang" ("Historical Records" Volume 28 "Feng Zen Book")，and "Yiyi North Dan Rongzhai，Dongtong Sanjin，How big Jia Jia "(" Historical Records "Volume 129" The Biography of the Cosmetic Colonial Biography ") has a deep understanding condition。

Archeological harvest of Qin Palace Cemetery，Comprehensive enriching our Qin history knowledge，Some found that the content of the ancient book literature。For example，"Historical Records" Volume 6 "Qin Shihuang Benji" believes，Xianyang Planning "Crossing Wewei from Afang，Xianyang，Contents of Xiangtianji Pavilion Daohan to the camp。Archaeological work on the Qinqiao of the Weihe River，In the certain sense, the information capacity of the "Historical Records" described。"Historical Records" Volume 91 "Biography of the Biography" records "hundreds of thousands Bet365 app download of people of Lishan"。"Historical Records" Volume 6 "Qin Shihuang's Benji" pointed out，"The beginning of the emperor is ascended，Pai Zhi Laoshan，and the world，More than 700,000 people in the world "。The soil quantity of the Qinling seal based on the archaeological workers，Let's describe the general construction period of "Historical Records" and the "Burning Emperor Laoshan" and "Laoshan"，and the information provided by the labor productivity provided in "Nine Chapters"，It can be known that the number of workers in Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum is about 700,000，confirmed the saying of "Historical Records" "more than 700,000 people in the world"。

　　Text certificate of the study of ancient books in archeology and Qin history

For the Historical Records Volume 6 "Qin Shihuang's Benji" "The Emperor of the Emperor is the Weixing Xianyang" and "the night of the pirate orchid"，Zhang Shoujie "Justice": "Qin Ji" Cloud: ‘The Emperor Changan，Guide to Weishui as the pool，Building it as a pantra、瀛，Carved stone is whale，Two hundred -piece long。'In the stolen place。"If this text does come from" Qin Ji "，The meaning is very important，It can be proved that Qin Shihuang was before Emperor Hanwu's operation of the Jianzhang Palace，The model of the sea created in Gongyuan。but but，We see the content of "Continue Han Book · County State" about "Lanchi"，There is Liu Zhao's note: "Historical Records" said: ‘Qin Shihuang Micro Xing Night，Fengliang Lanchi。'"Three Qin Ji" said: ‘the emperor quotes Weishui as Changchi，East and West Two hundred miles，Thirty Miles of North and South，The carved stone is two hundred feet of whale。'"，Tang Scholars Zhang Shoujie so -called "Qin Ji" cloud，Southern Liang scholar Liu Zhao has clearly thought that from "Three Qin Ji"。and "Say 郛" Volume Liuyi on the "San Qin Ji" "Lanchi" strip of "Xin's San Qin Ji" really has this content: "Qin Shihuang is the Lanchi，Guide to Weishui，East and West Two hundred miles，Twenty miles of north and south，Building soil is Penglai Mountain。Carved stone as a whale，Two hundred -piece long。"Zhang Zhao judged by scholars in the Qing Dynasty，Zhang Shoujie's so -called "Qin Ji" is actually "Three Qin Ji"，I just wrote a "three" characters。

but but，Qin Feng mud has the "Seal of the Pond"Bet365 lotto review 。"Weako" is "Sea"。Qin Feng Mud also has "each pool"，It should also be "Haichi"。Visible，Qin You managed the official position of "Qi Chi", that is, "Haichi"。The possibility of artificial lakes in the Qin Palace district still exists。Qin Shihuang in the united war，Each conquest of one country，All architectural patterns of the country's palace are required，Copy at the highlands north of Xianyang。This is "Historical Records" Volume 6 "Qin Shihuang's Benji", so -called "Qin Each Broken Prince，Write its palace，The Xianyang Kitanihami "。This record was confirmed by archeological survey。Directors of the Yan Kingdom Palace，Its position is in the northeast direction of Xianyang Palace，The relationship between the position of Yan and Qin Kingdom is consistent。Qin's Lanchi Palace is also in the northeast direction of Xianyang Palace，The Qin people who are "unearthed the Yan Guo -shaped tile" copy the south of the Yan Kingdom Palace building。If this artificial lake symbolizes Bohai，Consider geographical location，It is also in line with the Qin people's space consciousness。Then we may be able to push it，Zhang Shoujie's "Justice" so -called "Qin Ji" cloud: ‘the Emperor’ s capital Changan，Guide to Weishui as the pool，Building it as a pantra、瀛，Carved stone is whale，Two hundred feet long '"，Maybe it is indeed from "Qin Ji"。Or can be pressed，"Continuous Han Book" Liu Zhao note the relevant content of "Three Qin Ji"，It can also be used as a highly trusted Qin history ancient book understanding。

　New Knowledge of the Research on the Research on the Ancient Books of Cultural Relics and Qin Shi

Shang Yang and Qin Xiaogong cooperated to host the reform，Become an important figure in the history of Qin，It is also a famous politician that affects the trend of Chinese history。Sima Qian's "Historical Records" Volume 68 "Shang Jun Biography" specifically described his deeds，Other chapters also have related records。It can be said，Shang Yang is a character that focuses on "Historical Records"。But，We are in a Jianyao document unearthed from a Chu Tomb，I saw the performance of Shang Yang, which was not mentioned in "Historical Records"。Jiangling Qinjiazui Chu Tomb M1、M13、M99 has unearthed bamboo slips。Discovers think，"The lower limit bet365 Play online games of its age should be in the early morning of the Warring States Period，That is, before 278 BC。"" (Jingsha Railway Archeology team: "Jiangling Qinjiazui Qin Tomb Excavation Briefing"，"Jianghan Archeology" 1988, No. 2) M1's first brief visible "Zhou Ke"。M99 No. 15 Jane wrote: "Qinke Gongsun Ye hired in Chu Zhi，August Gengzi，Wild is sick。"According to Mr. Yan Changgui's judgment:" Gongsun Ye 'is ‘Shang Ye’ ... This year is between 356 and 340 years ago。"(Yan Changgui:" Qin Family's "Buye" Jianwen Jianwen Collection "，"Journal of Hubei University", No. 1, 2005) The bamboo slips unearthed from the tomb 1 of Jiangling Tianxing View No. 1 also recorded "Qin Ke Gongsun (Yang)" that once went to Chu Di to have some contact with King Chu: "Qinke Gongsun (鞅) Wen (question) Wang Yu郢 郢。"(Museum of Jingzhou District, Hubei Province:" Jiangling Tianxing View 1 Chu Tomb "，"Journal of Archeology" 1982, No. 1) Previous example "Qinke Gongsun Hurred in Chu"，This saying "Qinke Gongsun (鞅) Wen (question) king"，It should be engaged in high -level activities as national diplomatic representatives。

The identity of the "guest" in "Warring States Policy"，It can be seen that "Qinke", "Chu Ke", "Yanke", "Liangke", "Wei Ke", "Hanke", "Guardian", "Jin Jingke", etc.。"Mandarin · Jin language five", "Warring States Policy · Western Zhou Strategy", "Lu's Spring and Autumn · Ying Yan" all appeared "Qinke"。and Sima Qian in "Historical Records" Volume 68 "Shang Jun Biography"、Volume Seven 1 "Biography of Ganmao Gan Mao"，Also used the title of "Qinke"。The former Zhao Liangyu: "Five Five Master，Jing Zhi people also。Wen Qin Miao Gong's sage and wish to see，line without capital，From porridge to Qinke，Belled cow "，Talking about the diplomatic officer of the Qin Kingdom to the Chu Kingdom。And the unearthed the unearthed Chu Jian's "Qin Ke Gongsun Ye" "Qin Ke Gongsun (Yang)"，It refers to the prominent Shang Ye。This information understands the content of "Biography of Shang Jun" for us、Knowing the degree of activity of Shang Yang in the history of the Qin，It has important significance。

Qin people can "water through food"，Therefore, the Zhao people think that "cannot be war" ("Warring States Policy · Zhao Ceyi")，"Historical Records" Volume 5 "Qin Benji" describes "Battle of Boat"，The route is said to "enter the river from Weishui、Fen "(Du bet365 Play online games Yu's" Spring and Autumn Zuo Zhuan Jie ")。"Historical Records" Volume 2 Nine "He canal Book" records: "From Shandong West，More than a million stone，Limits of more pillars，A lot of defeat，and also annoyed "，Say "River Cao" experienced "砥"，Is the situation of the Western Han Dynasty。Discovery of Qin's "厎 丞 丞 丞" in recent years，You can clearly inform us，Qin Shi already exists administrative settings with the name "厎 厎"。The administrative position of "厎 丞" is likely to be directly related to the "Zongzhuang"。The value of this cultural relics deepen the understanding of the history of Qin traffic。Our research and understanding of the ancient books like Qin History such as "Historical Records"，Therefore, I got new knowledge。

Academic development of archeology，It can provide conditions for the overall progress of ancient books research and even literature research。Experience of academic history proves this。Looking forward to the future academic prospects，We also send optimistic expectations。

(The author is a professor at the School of History of Northwest University、Counselor of the Chinese Qin and Han History Research Association)