Chinese traditional culture is far away、Bobo and profound，Its core and source must be learned。"Study" word，Beginning in the Western Han Document。"Zhuangzi" Raise Confucius Six Arts，The name of the Six Classics。Emperor Hanwu Time，"Poetry" and "Book" and other five classics have been listed as official studies，It is taught by a doctor。Disciples study a certain scripture from the teacher，All are specialized，Then there is the name of "scripture"。The Confucian Confucianism of Confucianism in the Scholarship of Sutra in Spring and Autumn，Taking six arts as the main teaching content，Development of the Song Dynasty into a science。So Confucianism、Study、The three of them are taught around Confucian six arts、Interpretation、Names of different historical stages formed。Interpretation and development of 2,000 years of academic qualifications，It seems to be an increasing number of menstruation、Different text、Note is complicated、There are many genres and deep accumulation、Disciplines with a huge system，is the core and logo of traditional Chinese culture。

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Ban Gu said: "Six artists，The classics of Wangjiao。"" Poems "Poems" Poems "," Book "," Rites "," Le "," Yi "," Spring and Autumn "。"Book of Rites · Kings" cloud: "Lezheng Chongsong Four Art，Li Four Education，Spring and Autumn Education with "Li" and "Le"，Winter and summer teachings with "Poetry" and "Book"。"The Four Teachers are the four kinds of six arts，Originally important courses in the teaching of Chinese studies in Western Zhou Dynasty。Li is a practical instrument festival for 揖 揖，Le is the music played with songs and dances。Western Zhou Dynasty，Li、Is music recorded as text，Form text，Can't recruit credit today。but，Since Professor Lezheng，And Le is more than one person，then it has a programmatic text，It seems to be undoubted。"Poetry", despite many compilations，But every editor，produce a new temporary stable text。Due to "Zhou Li · Chun Guan · Da Si Le" said，"Teach Guozi with music,，Xing、Tao、satire、Recitation、Word、language，If there is no fixed copy，It can not be taught uniformly for six kinds of music。"Book" was originally recorded by the historian according to the matter，Favorite in the royal family，It should have the original original text。Just after entering the spring and autumn，Wang Guan lost，Princes 僭，"Poetry" and "Book" text flow to the people，Forms different manuscripts，bet365 Play online games Each manuscript and resume disability。Confucius self -defense back to Lu，Working in Zhengle，Make "Ya" and "Song" each; the gift of the three generations of chase，Preface "Book Biography"; also promotes the records and recovery of the ceremony。"Yi" book Book of Bin Buyu，Occupy Yin, Yang Jiyi，Confucius playing "Yi" is "Chuan"，Make it a classic of humanistic significance。"Spring and Autumn" This two weeks of the history books of various countries，So the "Spring and Autumn" of the Rukan of the country today，Also with Confucius main pen、Acts related to the derogation。So，Liuyi involves Confucian founder Confucius。After entering the Warring States Period，Princes of melee，Confucianism is divided into eight。Although the seventy son studies after the biography，But can't help disabled，Repeated Qinhuo，More messy。The Early Han Dynasty Pick up the disabled，Books are not complete。Emperor Hanwu obey Dong Zhongshu's words，Independent Confucianist，Establish a doctoral system，Five Classics Become the official official classic。

Han Dynasty "Poems", "Book", "Yi", "Rites", "Spring and Autumn" Dr. Five Classic，aimed at educating and Georgia，If the Book of Songs with a strong literature can also be used as a book。So，Interpretation of the "Gongyang" and "Valley Liang" second pass，Natural attention。The former calendar of the two men and the popularity is continuous，The latter obtained the support of Emperor Xuan Emperor at the Shiquge meeting and was established as an official，Living to East Han。and "Gongyang" and "Valley Liang" passed to the early Han Dynasty.、Used for differences，"Zuo Zhuan" is mainly documentary，According to legend, Wu Qi taught by Zuo Qiu Ming，down to Xun Qing。At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Cang、Jia Yi and other biography，Liu Ye "introduced the text to solve the scriptures，Turn on the invention "，Make it "Lesson Journal and Sentences"。Liu Ye wants to establish "Zuo's Spring and Autumn" and "Mao Poems", "Yili", "Ancient Books" as official learning，Not done because of being opposed，But the books of "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mao Poems" and "Ancient Books" are so prosperous，Reporting by people。"Yili" although it has not established，But the seventeen "Ritual" passed by Gao Tangsheng not only inherited the endless inheritance，More Hou Cang disciple Dade、Dai Sheng separately records the ancient records，Huizheng "Big Dai Rites" 85 and 49 "Book of Rites"，Sasuke Explanation "Ritual"，and explain the ritual of Western Zhou Dynasty。The Analects of Confucius is a post -school post of 70 children，The Han Dynasty has been listed as a must -read book for doctoral disciples，Therefore, it is highly valued。"bet365 Play online games Filial Scripture" is said to be Confucius to explain filial piety for Zeng Zi，There are two types of ancient and modern texts in the Han Dynasty，But the court did not attach enough attention at that time。

At the end of the Han Dynasty in the end of the Han Dynasty，The official transformation of ancient texts and ancient texts。At the same time，"Book of Rites", "Zuo Zhuan", "The Analects", "Filial Scripture" is more and more valued，Entering the field of official studies one after another。Therefore, the Tang Dynasty unified North and South Economic Theory，Select "Book of Rites" and "Zuo Zhuan"，Write the Five Classics of Mud Wall、Publically engraved the stone Jing Jiu Jing，Three passage of the wing "Spring and Autumn"、"Book of Rites" and "The Analects of Confucius" and "Filial Scripture" at the same time: "Yi", "Poetry", "Ceremony", "The Book of Rites", "Spring and Autumn" "Biography", "Biography of the Rams", "Gu Liang Biography" Nine Classics，Also attached "The Analects of Confucius", "Filial Scripture", "Eria"，Cheng Twelve Classics。"Mencius" since Zhao Qi、Liu Xi and others for note，I have not been able to get the official attention。Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty "Mencius"，In the transformation of Yu Xining, it was upgraded to Jing。So far，The Thirteen works of Confucianism have become the iconic classic of Chinese classics。Since then, although some people have proposed to include "Big Dai Rites" and other classic scope，but failed to form a new pattern。

　　The derivation and setting of classic text

The classic text of the Thirteen Classics from the formation to the basic setting，After thousands of years of excitement。War of war、Dynasties change，It is enough to cause its damage and lack，Chinese characters、、Ancient text、Li、Xingxing of Kaishu Body，and bronze、Jane、Stele Stone、Dynamics of writing carriers such as paper，It also brings a lot of changes to classic texts。"Poetry" and "Book" in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty，and the outline text of the etiquette festival，It is undoubtedly written in the text similar to。Settlement and Spring and Autumn Warring States，Daqu font has different writing habits in various countries，Not only does the Western soil 籀 籀 and the ancient structure of the east of the east，嬴 焚、Sanjin、There are also differences in the land of Qilu。The fonts of the sons are used in various fields，Writing and spreading classics such as "Poetry" and "Book"，Pick up the righteousness，Targeting，Texts and words are different。嬴 焚，Shenzhen Zangshan Rock House Wall。Lift the ban in early Han Dynasty，Many disabled scattered。On the Qin and Han dynasties，Ancient text、、The Font Font Drama Change，The Han Dynasty classics failed bet365 live casino games to read the ancient text of the pre -Qin ancient text。So，Texts of each Fang Fang，In figure out the classic meaning，Written as a new text。text written in Hanli，The intention of the mouth of the pre -Qin teacher，Often there are different or even contradictions，Different teachers and family methods were generated，In the end of the formation of the two major factions of the Han Dynasty and the Jing Jing and the ancient texts。

Status status to consolidate the official text，The Emperor Han Ling was engraved with the Ping Ping Shi Jing under the four years (175)，The standard text of the 14th Dr. Hebei Class 5 Classic，For the first time, use the imperial power to promote the classics of Confucian classics。Han Wei Zen generation，Ancient Chinese Classics Alternatives of Economics and Economics，So there is a publishing of the three -body stone meridian。Although the three -body stone meridian is only published as "Shangshu", "Spring and Autumn" and a small number of "Zuo Zhuan"，But it also has a standardized effect on these classic text texts。Wei Jin move，Chinese characters from Li to Kai，Writing carrier also turns from Jane to paper，The way to transmit the method of transfer from the teacher to the transformation of self -study。Mixed factors，To the other bee out。At the same time，Studies have north and south admiration、Different taught，Coupled with the "Specializing in Words" in the Northern Dynasties, "Duan Chuan Chuan"，Conflict，Visible。The Tang Dynasty inherited the Sui Dynasty and improved the imperial examination system，Several collation、Unified Northern and Southern Dynasties have spread and messy writing books，Jicheng Dingben，Write with standardized standards，The final journal is engraved with a stone meridian。Kaicheng Stone Sutra is based on Taihe of the Tang Dynasty，The bottom of the Tang Changxing carved by Tang Changxing after the Five Dynasties is Kaicheng Stone Book，At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the long -standing number of the number of prolongs collation，As a national supervisor, set the book。Although the classic text since then has similar similarities，Most of them are foreign body、字、Differences of virtual words，How much the sentence has disappeared。Fate here，The classic styling text we see today，can be traced back to the Kaicheng Stone Classic of the Tang Dynasty。Kaicheng Shi Jing unified the chaotic text and sentences of the pre -Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the six dynasties，Become "the end of the ancient book"; as the type of model below the five generations of the five generations，Become "the ancestor of the current"。

　　The emergence and development of the scriptures of the scriptures

"Book" Zhou 诰 Yin Pan，佶 聱 聱 聱 聱; Poetry Bi Xing Fu Zhi，Ben No Da Da Ji; bet365 Play online games Rites of Rites，It must be cited by praise; "Yiyin, yang, good fortune of" Yi "，Still to be released;，An excuse biography。Any text explanation should be explained。Western Zhou Guoxue，Big History、Lezheng teaching，There must be oral finger，and its specific form，It is difficult to trace back。Qin and Han Document Seeing the pre -Qin Dynasty "Chuan"，The meaning of the post mail to the post is taught，Most of them are general meaning; or also assisted according to historical facts、Story，Inventory of the sutra，The so -called "Say"，This is the method of the original professor。As for the meaning of the words "Poetry" and "Book"，Most of the passing "pass" and "say"，Later generations series of "Eria"。Early Han Dynasty Qin Jing Master Guyi，The description of the solution of the sutras is mostly "passed" and "say"。Because the pre -Qin is repaid，The shape of Chinese characters is constantly changing，Literacy Extramagement Day is important，and must be first in the "Biography" of the Righteousness and "Speaking"，Therefore, books such as "training" and "诂" came into being。Then the teacher method、Family Law Explanation and Extension，Ancient text、Delivery of the text of this text，Need to explain the text in detail，So the tedious chapters become mainstream。but hundreds of thousands of thousands of、Millions of chapters and sentences are not inconvenient to understand，It also hinders the use of the Han Dynasty's scriptures and the use of politics，So delete chapters，Forms a new disintegration "Note"，"Note" body brief and practical，Make the previous pass、Say、诂、Training and Zhang Jian's works are mostly attributed to annihilation。Today's Starting Han Wei Jingshi has a bodies: "Zhou Yi" Wang Xun Note (of which the ten wings such as "Family Ci" are Han Kangbo Note，"Ancient Books" Kong Chuan，The Book of Songs Mao Heng Biography、Zheng Xuanjian，"Zuo Zhuan" Du Yuji Interpretation，"Biography of the Gongyang" He Hui，"Gu Liang Biography" Fan Ning Note，"Zhou Li", "Yili", "Book of Rites" Zheng Xuanzhu，"The Analects of Confucius" He Yan Ji Jie，"Mencius" Zhao Qi Note，"Erya" Guo Yan Note，Only "Filial Sutra" is Tang Xuanzong Note。Shi Pu Time Move，The ancient and modern meaning of the word is constantly changing，The ancient bets of the Han and Wei Jing have been difficult to understand what the public understands，Therefore, the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Six Dynasties integrated into the form of Buddhist sciences，Better to the classics more detailedly，Forms the "Yoshu" integration。early Tang，Kong Yingda and others were ordered to be the Six Dynasties Classics，Compilation "Yi", "Book", "Poetry", "Book of Rites", "Zuo Bet365 app download Zhuan" five "Justice"，The official is officially set to one。Later，Jia Gongyan to "Zhou Li" and "Yili"、Xu Yan to "Gongyang"、Yang Shixun's "Gu Liang"、Xing Ye to "The Analects of Confucius", "Filial Scriptures" and "Eria"、Sun Yan's "Mencius"，All did the work of "righteousness"。Although the books are different and shorter，But the overall thirteen classics note，It was repeatedly engraved by the Song Dynasty Bookstore and Lu Deming's "Classic Interpretation"。to the Ming Dynasty，Huizheng "Thirteen Classics Note"，Become the main body of the classic annotation，It is used to this day。

The classic interpretation of the Song people is very different from the Han and Tang Dynasties，They focus on classic education，That is the purpose of Kong Mengxiu Qiqi and the meaning of humanity，Therefore, pay attention to its overall ideology and ignore the original meaning of the word words，There are many comments that produce a lot of ideas around their ideological system.。Ru Cheng Yi "Zhou Yi Cheng Chuan"、Cai Shen's "Book Collection Biography"、Zhu Xi "Poetry Collection", "Four Book Collection Notes", "Ceremony Sutra Command", etc.，All representative works。Following the Song of the Song Dynasty，The second generation of the Yuan and Ming dynasties and the early Qing Dynasty produced countless performances、Booking supplement、Fixed the work of Song Ru's famous writings。Kang Yonggan to repay，Empirical evidence has the rise of Park Xue and developed into the heyday stage，Not only the Thirteen Classics has extremely detailed new sparse，Other monographs and features、Segmental research works are also endless。Preliminary estimate，Existing Qing Dynasty album、Verification、About 7,000 scholars interpreted。Thirteen Classics is the original classic of classics，The old note of the Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty and the Tang and Song Yishu were the basic literature of scriptures，The new note in the Song Dynasty is the inferiority of the thought of science，The huge new note in the Qing Dynasty、New Shuhe Test Notes、Preface and Post is a study of scriptures。Comprehensive all the literature，It is a generous classic heritage of scholars today。

　　The connotation and thought of scientific learning excavated in the dynasty

The original classics of the scriptures in the Spring and Autumn of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Poems combined with music and dance，Most of them are the suburbs of heaven and earth、Zongmiao sacrifice and celebration; "Book" is conquered、诰 Oath、Seal and other events records; Li is a suburban sacrifice、Funeral Festival、Federation、Standard rituals on various occasions such as Royal Royal and even daily occasions，It contains the religious bet365 live casino games consciousness of Jingtianzong ancestors、The way of respecting the family、Relief of Renyi Zhixin's rule of governing the country。Two Han Classics first is sorting out、Read the damage scriptures circulated pre -Qin Dynasty，After being established as an official，Applicable to governing the country for governance。State -owned Difficulty，Politics is not determined，Break it with the right and wrong，The so -called three hundred articles，Best Jailing with "Spring and Autumn"。Tang Dynasty achievements are in unified and chaotic text and annotations，Make it a veritable classics。On the occasion of the Han and Tang dynasties，The rituals of rituals and righteousness are maximized，and apply it to the court、All aspects of Social Daily Lun Chang。Song and Ming scholars explained the Book of Scriptures with the Book of Books and Disposal，Form the so -called science。Week、Zhang、Cheng、Zhu、Lu、The Destiny of the King's Scripture、Taoist、Politics、Economy、Military、Rites and music、Ethics、grid、Hearts、Concept and connotation of qi and other connotations for in -depth excavation、绾、Comprehensive summary、Creative play，Promote it to the height of political thought and philosophy of life，Create a huge Confucian system that is quite philosophical，Their disciples and scholars continue to supplement and advance in the early Qing Dynasty。Modern Western Xue East，Scholars build the history of Chinese thoughts in the framework of scholars、History of Philosophy、History of ethics，Also sorted out the ideological system created by the philosophers in Songming、Give it and interpretation。

Looking at Confucianism、Study、Science、The change and development of Park Xue，Whether it is through the passage、Notes、Thought or verification，None of the interaction and conversion of the needs of the times。This kind of interaction and conversion indicates，It can be formed from the pioneering of Confucius、The scriptures of development，Always in response to social historical changes，Pursuit of Perseverance、Use it、time，There is a system、A discipline with responsible and realistic care。

(Author is a professor at Ma Yifu Academy, Zhejiang University)