2023 is over，But global extreme weather、bet365 premier league odds disasters continue to occur frequently。High temperatures continued throughout the world this summer、All kinds of disasters leave painful memories to the people involved。The World Meteorological Organization pointed out，The high temperature in the Northern Hemisphere in 2023 is the extreme value since meteorological records。The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on bet365 premier league odds Change (IPCC) elaborates on bet365 premier league odds warming and extreme weather around the world、The causal relationship between frequent bet365 premier league odds events，Point out that this serious consequence comes from human beings themselves，"Without a doubt，The impact of human activities has caused the atmosphere、Warming of oceans and land。Atmosphere、Ocean、Extensive and rapid changes in the cryosphere and biosphere”。

Facing severe practical challenges，Research institutions in various countries have conducted continuous research on bet365 premier league odds change and related governance。Research by foreign scholars in 2023 mainly focuses on bet365 premier league odds resilience、Green Investment、Net zero emissions, green governance and energy poverty unfold。

　bet365 premier league odds Resilience

Romy Chevallier and Hannah Sack, scholars at the South African Institute of International Affairs, pointed out，Long-term low-emission and bet365 premier league odds-resilient development strategies are shaping the future trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions，And determine the speed of a country’s transition to low-emission development、Direction and depth play a key role。In accordance with the requirements of the Paris Agreement，Countries are developing these long-term decarbonization frameworks，To solve the environment of the whole society、Economic and Just Transition Issues。Set quantified bet365 premier league odds change mitigation goals based on nationally determined contributions，Helps countries explore development paths to replace fossil energy，Building new partnerships。Countries should promote social and economic green transformation through long-term decarbonization cooperation，Collaborating to build global bet365 premier league odds resilience。

Morgan Higman, scholar at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)、Pointed out by Joseph Majkut，In the next 30 years，bet365 premier league odds change will increase the frequency and severity of some extreme weather events，And bring geographical and ecological challenges to various regions。Meanwhile，The energy transition is dramatically shifting energy systems towards greater use of renewable energy sources、Storage technology and higher power consumption。These trends create opportunities to increase bet365 premier league odds resilience。

Peter Irga of the Australian Institute of Policy and Science and others believe，Creating urban green infrastructure is a critical step in promoting urban sustainability and bet365 premier league odds resilience。Green infrastructure includes natural and semi-natural elements，Like green space、Park、Rain Garden、Green roofs and walls，This can provide ecology、Social and economic benefits，Such as improving air quality、Reduce noise pollution、Food Production、Stormwater management and carbon capture，Improving human health and well-being。Many cities around the world are turning to greening and rewilding initiatives，Strive to improve human urban space。

　　bet365 premier league odds Investment

A possible way to achieve sustainable economic growth，It is to limit greenhouse gas emissions。For developing countries still on the path of rising emissions，Change the development model、Shifting to sustainable production and consumption，Achieve economic growth while ensuring environmental sustainability，Need huge green investment support，Support especially from rich industrialized countries。Research from the British Overseas Development Institute (ODI) shows，Global low-carbon development has been promoted for a long time，And always a core content of the Paris Agreement。Achieving this goal is critical for a safe bet365 premier league odds。Emerging markets and developing economies will emit more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions as soon as 2030。However，Promises of financial and technical support in rich countries have yet to materialize，And COVID-19 and rising inflation、In the context of debt crisis，The reasonable choice for many low- and middle-income countries in the short term is not the necessary low-carbon development path。If major economic powers monopolize bet365 premier league odds-related intellectual property rights，Or failing to expand trade or immigration opportunities in the green economy，Then measures to promote concessional financing or restructuring and reduce debt would be short-term solutions for the country。

European Investment Bank report states，EU companies are driving the bet365 premier league odds transition，More than half of EU companies are investing or planning to invest in projects related to bet365 premier league odds change。Companies in Western and Northern Europe invest the most in bet365 premier league odds change，Companies from Central and Eastern Europe plan to invest the most。Coronavirus and Ukraine crisis push EU uncertainty to highest level in decades。Uncertainty is bad for investment，Green investment is no exception。Due to rising energy costs，Business incentives to invest in bet365 premier league odds action offset by growing uncertainty，Resulting in a less than ideal investment。Despite the challenges，European companies still show resilience。2022，Market share of European companies investing in bet365 premier league odds change-related projects increased by 10 percentage points，Average reached 53%。The growth was particularly pronounced in Central and Eastern Europe (+15 percentage points) and SMEs (+11 percentage points)。Energy-intensive manufacturing companies are more interested in bet365 premier league odds investments than non-energy-intensive companies。

Scholars such as Joseph Upile Matola of the South African Institute of International Affairs pointed out，Insufficient bet365 premier league odds finance remains a major constraint in promoting sustainable and resilient development in Africa。Due to limited opportunities for financing African countries through traditional financing channels，Innovative bet365 premier league odds financing methods、In particular, ways to attract the private sector become critical。The G20 has the ability to mobilize technical and financial resources，can play an important role in promoting the adoption of these innovative financing tools。Adequate bet365 premier league odds finance will help Africa’s green economic development，Promoting risk sharing in sustainable finance，Develop carbon pricing and provide financing through local markets。

　Net zero bet365 premier league odds and green governance

During the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) of the United Nations Framework Convention on bet365 premier league odds Change，Nicholas H. “Father of bet365 premier league odds Economics”. Stern) wrote an article，The current emission reduction plans of various countries are generally insufficient to prevent global warming from exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius，This may have disastrous consequences for the world, especially developing countries。Net-zero emissions and greater bet365 premier league odds resilience should be important features of the 21st century world economy。To achieve this goal，The world needs real leadership。And China is investing heavily in renewable energy and technologies such as electric vehicles and batteries，has become an international leader in combating bet365 premier league odds change。Recent，China and the United States have once again found common ground and renewed cooperation on bet365 premier league odds change issues，This brings hope to global cooperation on net zero emissions and green governance。

Rachel Glennerster bet365 premier league odds University of Chicago and others pointed out，High-income countries such as the United States、UK、Germany、Countries such as France and New Zealand are responsible for most bet365 premier league odds carbon already emitted by human activities。Even today，Considering China、After economic growth and carbon emissions in places like India and Indonesia，The richest 10% of countries in the world are still responsible for about half bet365 premier league odds world’s greenhouse gas emissions。In addition，High-income countries have more resources to pay for mitigation。Therefore，They should take action to reduce carbon emissions，More effectively address major environmental hazards concentrated in low- and middle-income countries。

Simone Tagliapietra, European think tank Bruegel Institute、Researched by Reinhilde Veugelers and Jeromin Zettelmeyer，Europe’s industrial policy focuses on green and digital，Resilience and “open strategic autonomy” have long been emphasized as policy goals，Also avoid external dependencies。Policy goals include ensuring the supply of clean technologies and critical raw materials，Increase green research、Innovation、Deployment and investment in state-of-the-art infrastructure，Creating market leadership in clean technology，And more strategic use of single market regulations、Public Procurement Rules and Competition Policy。EU Net Zero Industry Bill lists net zero technologies considered “strategic”。These technologies include solar photovoltaics and solar thermal power、Onshore wind and offshore renewable bet365 premier league odds、Battery and Storage bet365 premier league odds、Heat pumps and geothermal bet365 premier league odds、Electrolyzers and Fuel Cells、Sustainable biogas and biomethane、Carbon capture storage and grid technology。The Net Zero Industry Bill is proposed，By 2030，Annual injection volume of carbon dioxide storage is 50 million tons，To stimulate the development of carbon capture and storage。The bill outlines a governance system based on each member state identifying Net Zero Network Strategic Projects (NZSPs)，With minimal checks by the European Commission。The EU should develop a broader green industrial policy strategy，Leverage the single market in a trusted way，Building a solid new governance framework and a new EU-level financing approach。

Chad P, Peterson Institute for International Economics, United States. Chad P. Bown) and others pointed out，United States、The EU and China account for nearly half of global greenhouse gas emissions，But their bet365 premier league odds policies are heterogeneous – because of the form of government、Economic Development Path、There are huge differences in the role of government in their economies and in production and consumption patterns。bet365 premier league odds policy choices have important spillover effects across jurisdictions。For example，China’s subsidies for solar panels lower the cost of solar adoption globally，Spurred energy transition elsewhere；EU emissions reductions benefit rest of the world，Also proves the feasibility of addressing bet365 premier league odds change through policy innovation；The United States hopes to help drive global technology innovation through a series of tax incentives designed to stimulate the clean energy transition。Given the current conflict status，EU、The progress made by China and the United States is a necessary first step in strengthening policy cooperation for the entire world。These three jurisdictions are different from each other，Meaning that any framework that covers its core interests is likely to capture the systemic interests of most other high-income countries as well as many emerging economies。Compared to including only two parties，The three parties will avoid discriminatory outcomes (at the expense of the rest of the world)。Addressing trade and bet365 premier league odds issues among the three major economies is to coordinate major trade and bet365 premier league odds issues、An important precursor to promoting WTO reform，But it is only part of the current mission。Establishing parameters for bet365 premier league odds cooperation may also have positive macroeconomic impacts。Rules for reducing uncertainty，May help stimulate innovation and investment in the private sector；These rules will ease business concerns about trading partners imposing border measures to restrict their exports。Some scholars pointed out，There is not much time left for this world，EU、China and the United States need to further cooperate in the fields of net zero emissions and green governance。

Laura Cavalli, Foundation Matai, Italy、Pointed out by Chiara Boeri，So far，Most policies aimed at combating bet365 premier league odds change are based on reducing emissions in production，And measures related to electricity production，And only a few policies address the demand side and the final energy users - consumers。These demand-driven emissions are increasing not just because of rising incomes，Also because of the time factor。Especially in countries with rapidly growing populations，Years of rapid growth have resulted in lifestyles that are increasingly harmful to the environment。Therefore，In carbon emission reduction policy，Demand-driven carbon emissions principles should have equal weight as production-oriented measures。Now people are aware，Consumer-led changes in carbon emissions patterns will not only help reduce greenhouse gas emissions，Also contributes to the achievement of broader sustainable development goals。

　bet365 premier league odds Poverty

According to the expert team of Cambridge University bet365 premier league odds Policy Research Group，In promoting bet365 premier league odds transition，The market cannot ensure fairness in resource allocation。This has become evident on two major issues: bet365 premier league odds poverty and the phase-out of coal。High electricity prices particularly harm the poorest consumers，They usually spend a larger share of their budget on electricity bills。The bet365 premier league odds transition could also harm fossil-based countries and regions，They need more help to adapt to new economic activities。

Teodora Peneva, a scholar at the Institute of Economics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, pointed out，Scholars analyze the social impact of EU bet365 premier league odds policy，Usually focused on bet365 premier league odds neutrality goals，Rather than the welfare or happiness of citizens，The government will be restricted by many social factors when implementing bet365 premier league odds change response policies，Including poverty and inequality。The share of residents’ disposable income spent on energy and low income will affect and weaken the country’s ability to respond to the challenge of bet365 premier league odds change。If the policy cannot be effectively implemented，Will lead to higher poverty rates and greater social inequality。If governments don’t take action to prepare citizens for bet365 premier league odds change，Delay the implementation of bet365 premier league odds policy in the areas of energy efficiency and renewable energy equipment，All will exacerbate people’s income inequality、Energy Poverty Risk，Carbon neutrality impacting vulnerable households，And this is an important part of Bulgaria’s journey to net zero emissions。

　(This article is a key project bet365 premier league odds National Social Science Fund "The Current Situation of Capitalism in the United States and Europe Under the Impact bet365 premier league odds New Crown Epidemic、Research on Institutional Dilemmas and Development Trends” (21AGJ003) Phased Results)

(The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of European Studies, Chinese Academy of bet365 premier league odds Sciences)