The bet365 champions league on the Acropolis of Athens is a temple dedicated to Athena，Built in 447 BC-432 BC，Long regarded as the pinnacle of ancient Greek art，It has special significance in Western history and art history，Different image interpretations that have been extensively studied and interpreted in academic circles，The root cause is misaligned perspective。No matter citizens of other ancient Greek city-states or later Western interpreters，They are all looking at bet365 champions league from the perspective of others，It is easy to have a vague impression。To correctly examine bet365 champions league, we must first establish a reliable perspective。

　　bet365 champions league is the bet365 champions league of Athens

The correct artistic image exists in the historical context。Art is not just an act or product，It’s more of a process。The artistic process involves sponsors、Three groups: audience and artists。The identities and relationships bet365 champions league three are the core and basic content bet365 champions league historical context，Also determines the nature of art。The sponsor’s intention is to deliver ideas to the audience in a targeted manner。Only certain audiences can accurately obtain the message conveyed by the artwork，The artistic image in their eyes is what the sponsors really want to create。To examine a work of art from an academic perspective, you should first look at it from your own perspective。The emergence of ancient Greek art、Development and prosperity in ancient style、Classical period，Mainly a kind of public art closely related to city-state life，Can be named "city-state art"。The fundamental purpose of city-state artistic creation is to transmit city-state consciousness and cultivate citizen spirit。

Classical literature shows，Pericles led the city construction project，In the end, it was completed and dedicated in the name bet365 champions league city-state of Athens in accordance with Greek tradition。Cost and attribution surrounding the project，There was even a heated debate at the Athenian Citizens’ Assembly。Pericles once again let citizens participate in the project，Thus making engineering a common cause for the citizens of Athens。The completed project has become a gorgeous decoration bet365 champions league city of Athens，Providing citizens with beautiful public spaces。Visible，Construction projects maintain the order and existence bet365 champions league city-state，The Parthenon is one bet365 champions league important projects。

bet365 champions league is first the bet365 champions league of Athens，Thus examine the historical bet365 champions league，The most reliable perspective is the self-perspective of Athenian citizens。

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In the context of sponsor-audience relationship，The construction bet365 champions league Parthenon is an act bet365 champions league city-state using art to build its own image for citizens。So what kind of image bet365 champions league city-state does she want to show to the citizens of Athens？This requires a comprehensive analysis of its artistic form and image content。

Analysis of art forms。Idealism is the most prominent feature of Greek art in the High Classical Period，This style reached its peak in Athens during the Periclean period，With the Parthenon as the highest representative。The external characteristics bet365 champions league idealistic style bet365 champions league Parthenon are the beautification and idealization of self-image，Concretely reflected in the character’s face and body。Greek classical archaeologist Olga Paragia commented on the frieze relief，Naturalistic consciousness is tempered here by idealism，Everyone is therefore shown as a young man with a calm demeanor。In the surviving Longjian wall on the south side，No matter what situation you are in during the battle，The Lapithians are all serious and calm。

As far as the body is concerned，Extreme、Special physical features are not emphasized。All characters have slender bodies、Shapely、Beautiful，Precise body structure，Simple muscle tissue，Natural movements、Coordination、Light。Clothes attached to the body，Is an important means of expressing structure and action。The pleats in the Parthenon sculptures abandon the weight and simplicity bet365 champions league early "serious style"，Start to become more detailed and changeable，The overall style is smooth、Chic and unrestrained、Xianhe。The style of portrait clothes pleats in gable sculptures is even known as "wet clothes pleats"。American classical archaeologist、Art historian Gisela Likert even believed that the folds represented silk from China，But his theory was denied by other scholars。

In terms of self-image，The idealistic style of Parthenon art focuses on expressing the noble character and beautiful body bet365 champions league characters，Essentially represents the ideal Athenian citizen。

The Parthenon’s architecture and artwork are massive、Huge shape，Complex details、Complex layout，Precious materials、High cost。The Parthenon foundation specification is 69.50×30.88 meters，Exceeding the size of other previous temples in mainland Greece。British classical historian Robin Osborne thinks，The Athenians really wanted to build a temple that would surpass the Temple of Zeus and other temples on the Greek mainland，They succeeded in doing this。The specifications bet365 champions league Colossus of Athena are also unprecedented，The academic community generally estimates its height to be more than 11 meters。

Compared with any early temple，The bet365 champions league provides more viewing content and tighter viewing guidelines。American classical art historian Rachel Cosell pointed out，The bet365 champions league is the most magnificent and luxurious temple in mainland Greece、A temple with exquisite craftsmanship。According to the records of classical writers and referring to small reproductions，The Colossus of Athena and its base have complex structures、Fine workmanship。The Latin writer Pliny the Elder praised，The author so carefully filled even the smallest space in the work。

In ancient style and early classical style，A typical response to a beautiful portrait is “awe”。A work of art should elicit awe，And amazing things are usually radiant。Greek artists usually used marble、Ivory、Gold and other expensive materials create this effect。The bet365 champions league is the first pure marble temple in the Greek world。The Colossus of Athena is an ivory and gold inlaid image。American classical archaeologist John Pedley commented，The influence of this colossus is unimaginable，The effect must be amazing。

All this grandeur of Parthenon art、Rich、The expensive features shock the viewer’s heart，Metaphors bet365 champions league greatness bet365 champions league city-state from different levels。

bet365 champions league shows tolerance for various artistic styles。Different artistic styles or elements come together here，Coexist harmoniously and complement each other。

First，Ionian style elements integrated into Athenian architecture。The temples of city-states in mainland Greece, including Athens, adopt the Dorian style。The integration of Ionian elements into Athenian architecture at the end bet365 champions league 5th century BC was already very obvious。The Parthenon is the best example bet365 champions league combination of Ionian and Dorian styles in Athenian architecture。The main style is Dorian，But incorporates a lot of Ionian elements，includes Ionian egg anchor，Lesbos-style wavy lace on the ceiling beams and cornice，Ionic cartouches and floral decoration on the tiles，Beadwork surrounding the Dorian frieze，The most eye-catching thing is the carved lintel surrounding the outside bet365 champions league main hall。

Next，Artists from all over Greece work together，Colorful artistic styles。The huge scale of art construction、Relatively short construction period and relatively insufficient number of local artists，Resulting in Athens having to recruit artists from all over Greece。The diversity of artist sources leads to differences in artistic styles under the same theme，One of its manifestations is the coexistence of early, middle and late artistic styles。There are obvious differences in the styles bet365 champions league figures in the long walls on the south side bet365 champions league Parthenon that are well preserved。American classical art historian Lees Carpenter believes this，There is also a "Kemon Parthenon" between the Periclean Parthenon and the old Parthenon，This theory has caused heated discussions in the academic community。

In Parthenon，Ionian style blended into Dorian style，A fusion of old and new styles。This artistic phenomenon is a metaphor for the union of all Ionians，And the unity bet365 champions league citizens of Athens。

Analysis of image content。Athena, the patron saint bet365 champions league city of Athens, becomes the center bet365 champions league image，All images dedicated to the praise of Athena。The east and west gables respectively represent the birth of Athena and her struggle with Poseidon to become the patron saint of Athens，And the Athenians knew these stories。American classical art historian Mark Fullerton thinks，The intended audience for the gable image is "one's own people" who are attuned to even the smallest of graphic clues，And "outsiders" are insignificant。The image is just a frozen fragment，But for the citizens of Athens，Its meaning is to remind the whole story in one fragment，Including sources for Athena、Her relationship with the city of Athens，And her blessing to the city of Athens。

The four battles shown in the reliefs on the Longjian wall seem to have nothing to do with Athena，It just shows the struggle between the Greeks and others。The statues of gods inside Greek temples are closely related to the peripheral images，Together we completed a set of narratives about the survival logic of city-states。Idols as the concrete manifestation of God，It is the sustenance bet365 champions league religious sentiments bet365 champions league city-state，It is also the protective force bet365 champions league city-state。The surrounding images of struggle remind city-state citizens to always be vigilant to protect their gods，Ready to fight at any time。

Traditional view，The frieze relief in the Parthenon shows the Panathenaic procession at that time。The "Peplos Scene" on the east frieze culminates the devotion to Athena。Religion played an important role in ancient Greece，Thus piety is generally regarded as a virtue。The image of Parthenon fully demonstrates the devotion to Athena, the patron saint bet365 champions league city-state，And emphasize this point in contrast to the common enemy of Greece。

Some bet365 champions league image details bet365 champions league Parthenon break through the limitations of some traditional Greek concepts，Highlights the superiority bet365 champions league city-state of Athens。The relief image on the frieze has made an unprecedented pioneering work: in the decorative space of ancient Greek architecture, mortals appeared in the positions that originally belonged to the gods。The entire 160-meter-long relief belt on the central lintel，Only the east side shows the 12 main gods of Olympus。The scenes bet365 champions league gods not only share the same relief strip with the other three sides bet365 champions league mortal scenes，Mortals appeared inside the scene。The gods and the Athenians lived together in harmony，Indicates that the Athenians greatly improved their status。

192 riders also appear in the lintel image，This seems inconsistent with the Panathenaic procession scene。Coincidentally, the number of Athenian soldiers killed in the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC was also 192。British classical art historian、Archaeologist John Boardman believes，These cavalry are to commemorate the soldiers who died on the Marathon battlefield。Just as the large funerary bottles unearthed from the Attic necropolis in the 8th century BC represent a "heroic" death with Mycenaean shields and chariots，The bet365 champions league frieze also shows the glorious Marathon warriors as owners of cavalry and chariots。Based on this，The lintel image is actually undergoing a new deification process。

In short，On the one hand, the frieze image places the Athenians in a position that originally belonged only to the gods，On the other hand, the fallen heroes bet365 champions league city-state were publicly deified and promoted。Athens uses figurative forms and metaphors through art，Show one’s superiority over other city-states。

It is extremely rare for Pandora to appear as a subject in Greek art，There is a relief on the front bet365 champions league base bet365 champions league Colossus of Athena showing the scene of Pandora's birth。The legend of Pandora originally originated from the poetry of Hesiod in the 7th to 6th centuries BC。American classical art historian Jeffrey Helwitt pointed out that there is more than one Pandora，But there is reason to think that ordinary Greeks in the classical period were familiar with the outline bet365 champions league story of Pandora as told by Hesiod。The meaning of “all gods give gifts” is emphasized by the artist。The scene where Pandora is born and receives gifts from the gods should be seen as a metaphor，Pandora itself should be seen as the personification of Athens，She accepts gifts from the gods on behalf of Athens，Thus making Athens a lucky city-state favored by the gods。

The meaning of "beautiful disaster" is also crucial。Pandora has a beautiful appearance，The gods were shocked when they saw it，Mortals are completely unable to resist her temptation。After "Pandora's Box" is opened，Countless sorrows and misfortunes fly out。If the beauty of Pandora is a metaphor for the beauty of Athens，The “gifts” bet365 champions league gods are a metaphor for Athens’ luck，Then "box" is a metaphor for various disasters。The image of Pandora is undoubtedly intended to show the fragility bet365 champions league city-state，And tried to call on the citizens of Athens to maintain a sense of crisis。

Parthenon is the Parthenon of Athens，Therefore her interpretation should be from the perspective of an Athenian citizen。Athens is Parthenon Athens，The city-state of Athens shaped its image to its citizens through the Parthenon，Show citizens that the city-state is beautiful、Great、Tolerance、Piety、Superior，Also fragile。Such image construction is intended to enhance the pride of Athens citizens in the city-state、Sense of belonging and crisis，Strengthen the cohesion bet365 champions league city-state to cope with challenges。The construction of a city-state image is an important form of city-state education，The media used to build the city-state image are also diverse。Considering the important position of temples in ancient Greek city-states，And the symbolic significance of temple images to the life bet365 champions league city-state，We can think that temples are the most important medium for building the image of a city-state，The Parthenon is the highest achievement of ancient Greece in constructing the image of a city-state through art。

　　(The author bet365 champions league associate professor at the School of Fine Arts, Shandong Normal University)