The Paton Temple of the Acropolis of Athens is a temple dedicated to Athena，Built in 447 BC，It has been regarded as the pinnacle of ancient Greek art for a long time，It has special significance in Western history and art history，Academic interpretation of a large number of studies and interpretation of different image interpretations，The root cause lies in the dislocation of the perspective。Regardless of citizens in other ancient Greek city -states or interpreters in Western in the West，Review Paton in the perspective of others，It is easy to produce a vague impression。Correctly examine Patonn must first establish a reliable perspective。

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The correct artistic image exists in the historical context。Art is not only a behavior or product，It is a process。The art process involves sponsor、Three groups of audience and artists。The identity and relationship of the three are the core and basic content of the historical context，It also determines the nature of art。The intention of the sponsor is to convey the concept to the audience targeted。Only some audiences can accurately obtain the information transmitted by art works，The artistic image in their eyes is what the sponsor really wants to shape。Looking at a piece of art from an academic perspective, first from a self -perspective。Ancient Greek art generation、Development and prosperity in ancient style、Classical period，It is mainly a kind of public art that is closely linked to the city -state life，Can be named "City State Art" name。The fundamental purpose of the creation of city -state art is the transfer of city -state consciousness and the cultivation of the spirit of citizen。

Classical literature indicates，Berrykley dominates urban construction projects，In the end, it followed the Greek tradition as the name of the Athens city -state.。Surrounded by the project's overhead and signature，At the Athens Citizens Conference, even fierce debate。Berrykley allows citizens to participate in the project，So that the project becomes the common cause of the citizen Bet365 lotto review of Athens。The completion of the project becomes the gorgeous decoration of Athens City，Provide citizens with beautiful public space。Visible，Construction project maintains the order and existence of the city -state，The Paton Temple is an important project of it。

Patonon is the first Patonn in Athens，Therefore, inspect Patonn in history，The most reliable perspective is the self -perspective of Athens citizens。

　Athens is Paton -style Athens

In the context of the sponsors -the audience's relationship，The construction of the Temple of Paton is a behavior that the city state builds its own image with art to citizens。So what kind of city -state image does she want to show Athens citizens? This requires a comprehensive analysis of its artistic form and image content。

Analysis of art form。Idealism is the most prominent feature of Greek art in the classical age，This style of Athens developed to its peak during the Berikley period，With the Paton Temple as the highest representative。The external characteristics of the ideal style of the Paton Temple are the beautification and idealization of self -image，Specifically reflected in the character's face and body。Greek classical archaeologist Olga Parazya evaluates the relief of Zhongyu，Naturalist consciousness is eased by idealism here，Everyone is therefore expressed as a young man with a calm look。In Longjian Wall on the south side of the world，No matter what kind of situation in the battle，Latai people are all serious and calm。

As far as the body is concerned，Extreme、Special physical features are not emphasized。The body of all characters is a long -term、Brief、Beautiful，Precise body structure，Simple muscle tissue，Natural action、Coordination、Light。Clothing attached to the body，It is an important means of expression structure and action。The clothing folds in the sculpture of the Paton Temple abandoned the thick and simple "serious style" in the early days，Starting becoming fine and changing，The overall style is smooth、chic、Harmony。Portrait folds in gable sculptures are known as "wet coat"。American classical archaeologists、Art historian Gyelalla Locker even believes that the folds show the silk from China，But it is said to be denied by other scholars。

In terms of self -image，The idealist style of Bet365 lotto review Paton Temple Art is based on the character's noble character and beautiful body，The substantial expression is the ideal Athens citizen。

The architecture of the Temple of Paton and its art specifications is huge、The shape is huge，Materials precious、Complicated layout，Materials precious、High cost。Paton Temple Temple Base specifications are 69.50 × 30.88 meters，More than other temples in Greece before。British classical historian Robin Osborne believes，The Athens really wants to build the temple built more than the Temple of Zeus and other temples in the Greek mainland，They succeeded in doing this。The specifications of Athena Giant are also unprecedented，The academic community generally estimates that it is more than 11 meters。

Compared with any early temple，Paton Temple provides more viewing content and closer viewing guidelines。American classical art historian Rachel Cuser pointed out，Paton Temple is the most magnificent luxury in the Greek mainland、Temple with exquisite craftsmanship。According to the records of classical writers and refer to small replica products，Athena giant statue and its base structure are complex、Fine workmanship。Latin writer Lao Plinny admired，The author has so carefully filled the work even the most subtle space。

In the ancient wind and classical early，The typical response made by people to the exquisite portrait is "amazing"。A piece of art should cause amazing，The amazing thing is usually glorious。Greek artists usually use marble、Ivory、Gold and other expensive materials to shape this effect。Paton Temple is the first temple built in the world of pure marble in Greece。Athena giant statue is ivory gold embedded statue。American classical archeologist John Pedley evaluated to，The influence of this giant figure is unimaginable，Its effect must be amazing。

Patonon Art all these grandeur、Rich、Expensive features cause shock to the viewer's heart，From different levels, it is metaphorized by the great city -state。

Patonon reflects the tolerance of various artistic styles。Different artistic styles or elements converge here，Harmonious coexistence and complement each other。

First，Eunna style elements integrate into Athens architecture。The temples of the Temples of the Bet365 lotto review Greek continent, including Athens, are used in the temples of the city states of the mainland of Greece。The situation of the integration of Elenea elements in the Athens architecture at the end of the 5th century BC is already very obvious。The Temple of Paton is the best example of the combination of the Ionia style and the Doria style in the architecture of Athens。Its main style is Doria -style，But incorporated a lot of Ionia elements，Including Ionian -style egg anchor accessories，Lesbos -shaped lace on the top of the beam and the eaves，The Eunna -style vortex and flower -like decorative patterns of the Waido are，Beads surrounded by Doria -style 楣 楣，The most noticeable thing is the carving around the outside of the main hall。

Next，All Greek artists cooperate，The artistic style is colorful。The huge scale of art construction、The relatively short construction cycle and the number of local artists are relatively insufficient，As a result, Athens must summon the artist from the entire Greece。The diversity of the source of the artist leads to the difference in artistic style under the same theme，One of its performances is the coexistence of early, middle and late artistic style。Paton Temples preserved well in Longjianbi in the south side of the Longjian Wall in Longjian Wall in Longjian Wall in the south.。American classical art historians, Li Si Kayt, think of this，There is still a "guest Monpaton" between Paton and Old Paton during the Berrykley period，This said that it caused warm discussion in the academic community。

In Paton，Eunna style integrates Doria style，Fusion of new and old styles。This artistic phenomenon is metaphorical metaphor for all the United Ionians，and the unity of the citizen of Athens。

Analysis of image content。The patron saint of Athenian City, Athena, becomes the center of the image，All images are committed to expressing praise for Athena。East -West Gill Wall's performance is the birth of Athena and its struggle for the patron saint of the Poseidon Winter City，And the Athenians are familiar with these stories。American classical art historian Mark Fulleton believes，The expected audience of the gable image is familiar to those "own people" who are the most subtle image clues，"Outsiders" are not important。bet365 Play online games Image is just a solidified fragment，But for Athens citizens，Its meaning is to prompt the entire story with a fragment，Including the source of Athena、The relationship between her and Athens，and her blessing of Athens City。

The four battles in the relief performance of Longjian Wall seem to have nothing to do with Athena，It just shows the struggle between the Greeks and others。The statue inside the Greek Temple is closely related to the peripheral image，Completed a set of narratives on the survival logic of the city -state。The statue as a concrete manifestation of God，Is the sustenance of the religious emotions of the city -state，It is also the guardian of the city -state。The subject image of the surrounding struggle reminds the city -state citizen to be vigilant at all times to protect their gods，Ready to fight at any time。

Tradition thinks，The relief in the Temple of the Paton Temple showed that the Pan Athena Festival parade at that time。The "Piplos Robe Scene" on the east side makes the devotion to Athena to a climax。Religion occupies an important position in ancient Greece，Therefore, respect is generally regarded as virtue。Paton's image fully shows the devotion to the city -state guardian god, Athena，and emphasize this in the comparison with Greece。

Some images of the Temple of Patonn have broken through some restrictions on the traditional Greek concepts，Highlight the superiority of Athens City State。Zhongyao relief image made unprecedented initiative: In the decorative space of ancient Greek buildings, mortals appeared only in the position of the gods.。The 160 -meter -long relief belt of the whole Zhongyao，Only the east side shows the Olympus 12 main god。The scenes of the gods not only live in the same relief belt with other three mortal scenes，Mortal people appear inside the scene。The gods live together in harmony with the Athens，It shows that the Athens people have greatly improved their status。

192 riders also appeared in the image of the middle，This seems to be inconsistent with the Pan Athena Festival parade scene。Coincidentally, the number of death soldiers in Athens in the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC is also 192。British classical art historian、Archaeologist John Baldman thinks，These cavalry is to commemorate the soldiers who sacrificed Bet365 app download in the marathon battlefield that year。Large -scale funeral bottle unearthed from the 8th century BC Etica cemetery with the Mennini shield and the combat fleet performed "hero" death，The Paton Temple also shows the glory marathon as the owner of the cavalry and chariot。Based on this，The image of the middle is actually being carried out in a new demeanor。

In short，The image of the middle of the middle, on the one hand, place the Athens in the place where the original belongs to the gods，On the other hand, the heroic and upgrade of the heroic heroes of the city -state。Athens through artistic forms and metaphorical methods through art，Expressing its own superiority to other city -states。

​​Pandora's appearance as a Greek art theme is extremely rare，The front of the Athena giant statue base has a relief carving in Pandora's birth scene。The legend of Pandora originally originated from the poem of Heri Vioch, 6th century BC。American classical art historian Jeffrerey Hervit pointed out more than one Pandora，But there are reason to think that ordinary Greeks are familiar with the outline of Pandora's story described by Hesio in the classical period。"All the Gods Give Gifts" means that it is emphasized by the artist。Pandora was born and received the gifts of the gods should be considered a metaphor，Pandora itself should be regarded as the personality of Athens，She accepts the gifts of the gods on behalf of Athens，This makes Athens a lucky city -state that is favored by the gods。

"Beautiful Disaster" meaning is also vital to。Pandora has a beautiful appearance，I was shocked when the gods saw it when they saw it，and mortals are completely unable to resist her temptation。"Pandora's Box" was opened，Countless sadness and unfortunate flying out。If Pandora's beauty metaphor is the beauty of Athens，The "gifts" of the gods metaphor the luck of Athens，So "box" metaphorize various disasters。Pandora image undoubtedly shows the vulnerability of the city -state，and try to call the Athens citizen to maintain a sense of crisis。

Paton is Paton in Athens，Therefore, the interpretation of her should be from the perspective of Athens citizen。Athens is Paton -style Athens，Athens City State shaped its own image to citizens through Paton farmers，Show the citizen that the city state is bet365 best casino games beautiful、Great、tolerance、devotion、Superior，It is also fragile。Such an image building is enhancing the pride of the city's citizen's pride、A sense of belonging and crisis，Strengthen the cohesion of the city -state to cope with challenges。The construction of the image of the city state is an important form of city -state education，The medium built by the city -state image also has diversity。Considering the important position of Temple in the ancient Greek city -state，and the symbolic meaning of the temple image for the life of the city -state，We can think that the temple is the most important medium for the construction of the city -state image，and Paton Temple is the highest achievement of ancient Greece to build a city -state image with art。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the Academy of Fine Arts of Shandong Normal University)