Examination from the perspective of sci -fi novels to examine artificial intelligence ethics issues is a new topic selection in the current interdisciplinary research。Current，The most cutting -edge artificial intelligence technology is represented by ChatGPT，It mainly involves calculation science，Intention to imitate human language and thinking，Then create a computer program for human intelligence (or even surpass) human intelligence。With the rapid development and wide application of artificial intelligence technology，It will inevitably cause a series of ethical problems in society。Especially under the blessing of Kuzwell's "Strange Point Theory"，Many people even worry about artificial intelligence after passing through Turing，It is very likely to replace humans in the future。For this，Research on ethical issues related to artificial intelligence is not only necessary，It is evenly imminent。What is worth playing is，Experts from many fields of disciplines are when arguing，Often quoted science fiction works to prove your point of view，After all, the artificial intelligence image in the story is more lively，It is also widely familiar with the public。

Compared with reality technology，Artificial intelligence descriptions in science fiction novels are not limited to computing science，Also expanded to robot (ROBOT)、bionic people (Android)、Cyborg and other wider fields。and，Science fiction writers' imagination and writing of "artificial intelligence life" is far before the concept of artificial intelligence was clearly proposed in 1956 (Datmouth Conference)。Besides, the myths and legends of Daedalus and Yanshi created people，"Frankenstein" (1818) from Mary Shelley, the mother of modern science Bet365 app download fiction literature,，The description of artificial intelligence in science fiction has lasted at least two hundred years。Compared with the difficult argument of "tune and widow" in the science and technology industry，Science fiction novels with the special advantage of "ideological experiments"，According to the writer’s raw flowers，Discussion on artificial intelligence and related ethics is more concrete，The contradiction and conflicts set up are also more intense，It can subtly affect the reader's ethical concept through the faint fictional story。

Look at the classic science fiction novels of the world，From many stories involving broad artificial intelligence，We can distinguish the four most basic ethical paradigms: Divine Turmoma、Human Centralism、Non -human centerism、Post -humanism。Fine combing，Massive texts behind each paradigm，Also has the long -term cultural tradition and theoretical support。

a、Divine Pavilion。As a type of literature began in the Western world，Science fiction novels cannot completely get rid of religious influence represented by Christianity，The subconsciousness of Divine Turkism is hidden in many works。For example, Herman Melville's "Bell Tower" (1855)，The author of a Christian refuses to accept artificial intelligence life。Follow the basic teachings of Christianity，People do not enjoy free freedom，We must maintain humility and respect in front of God。But，Some scientists in science fiction novels try to replicate the miracles of God's creation，Provocation of God's authority by manufacturing artificial intelligence，In the end, it is impossible to control your own creature，Helpless falling into the anti -bullish desperation。With the development of the times and the evolution of concepts，Today's science fiction writers can discuss the related theological problems of artificial intelligence more freely than their predecessors。Bet365 lotto review such as，​​Mike Resnick's "Creed" (2008) analyzes whether artificial intelligence should be allowed to be allowed to have religious beliefs; Zoltan Isstvan's "Super) Humanist betting "(2013) clearly stated: Jesus saved all creatures，Even artificial intelligence; Daniel Wilson's "Robot Revelation" (2011) tells the artificial intelligence self -proclaimed God、Establishing religion、The story of human beings then ruled human beings。It can be said，Thinking of this kind of science fiction novels in specific theological fields，Even compared with the philosophy of the sutra，Not inferior to。

2、Human Central Formula。The human -machine ethical relationship in science fiction novels is the most popular in the "three laws of robotics" created by Isaac Asimov，There is a basic hierarchical iron law behind it: artificial intelligence is naturally a slave to human beings。This view is clearly proposed for the first time in "Ring Dance" (1942)，A collection of novels published in 1950 "I，Robotics "systematic interpretation。Science fiction novels created after Asimov，If you do not deliberately use artificial intelligence ethics as an object of discussion，Most of them will adhere to the Guiyi of the three laws，Such as Wei Yahua's "Dream of Gentle Hometown" (1980)。Because this coincides with consensus in the ideological and cultural traditions: humans are "the essence of the universe，The spiritual length of all things "，It must be more advanced than other species on the earth，Graduate in the level of level relationships in the upper layer。This view is the theory of Aristotle's "Natural Steel" theory、Kant's "Man is the purpose itself" law is the most famous，The ethics constructed based on this must be human -centered。From this point of view，Artificial intelligence even has life，There is no "soul"，still not separated from the category of "tools"，It is "heaven and earth justice" by the human service。

Bet365 lotto review 3、Non -Human Central Formula。At the same time as Asusmov's three rhythm is widely circulated，Many science fiction novels do it against it，Try to prove it with exquisite stories and rigorous plot deductions: the ethical paradigm of human centralism has fundamental defects when preset human organs，The laws of mechanical control theory and the hidden jungle law are the cornerstone of this level of relationship，But technological change is very likely to reverse the strength of both parties in the future。Just as Hegel's "Dialectical Law of the Slave Relationship"，The identity of the owner and slave is possible to exchange。Even Asimov does not avoid this contradiction，Therefore, the "difficulty" of the law of three laws has become an important theme for his later creation。，Some science fiction writers continue to try the options for non -human centerism，Drawing on the "Emotional" viewpoint put forward in "Nigeromi Ethics"，Try to make humans and artificial intelligence build just、Friendly relationship。Because human emotions are complex and unattended，Maybe some people get along with artificial intelligence，It will produce feelings similar to affection，For example, Wang Jinkang's "Song of Life" (1995); there are also some people who will have a friendly relationship with artificial intelligence，For example, Jiang Bo's "The Way of Machine" (2015); even more people even fall into love with artificial intelligence，and finally married，For example, "Two -year -old" (1976)。Maybe outsiders will feel incredible，But the parties think that this relationship is not different from the relationship between humans。From this dimension,，When artificial intelligence has emotions，It also surpasses the positioning of pure tools。Human ethical construction should also keep pace with the times，Try to explore a kind of reciprocal human -machine relationship。

Bet365 lotto review 4、Post -Humanist paradigm。Later human beings are science and technology and science fiction issues that have attracted much attention in recent years。As a theoretical trend，It formed and developed in the 1980s。Faced with the trend of flesh and blood is constantly being transformed by high -tech transformation，A batch of theorists represented by Donna Haraway believes that the natural evolutionary process of human beings will end，It formed and developed in the 1980s，The future post -human (or "newcomer") will be comprehensive (including but not limited to life、physical fitness、Intelligence) Beyond today's humans ("Suber Declaration"，1985）。The representatives of this kind of science fiction are "He by Marge Piercy、She and it "(1991)、Chen Yifan's "Wild Tide" (2013), etc.。Specific form of postpone humans，Uncertainty of the development of science and technology and the evolution of concepts，No one can give accurate predictions at present。The post -human story in science fiction novels，The earliest can be traced back to Ellen Po's "The Light" (1839)，It mainly describes the beauty of the righteous body of the trend。After the mid -20th century，Suberg concept began to be popular，A group of science fiction novels with Suberg as the main character emerged，The masterpiece is the "Upgrade" of Frederik Pohl (1976)。In the 1980s when the computer appeared，A special form of Cyberpunk (Cyberpunk) appears more and more in science fiction，Mainly discuss the integration of computers and human brains，The masterpiece is "Nervous Wanderer" of William Gibson (1984)。From the perspective of fans of postponed humanism，Human beings want to achieve "the goal of the stars and sea"，You must go through an upgrade from the existence of human existence from ape to postponed，and artificial intelligence is an important thrust that contributes to this transition。

It is not difficult to see from the above analysis，The description of artificial bet365 live casino games intelligence ethics in science fiction is not restricted to the science and technology level of a specific era，Deep fusion of the evolution of human values ​​more，Critical tool rationality、While promoting value rationality，philosophical thinking that prominent and ultimate pole。As a relatively advanced and far -reaching thought experiment，Many science fiction stories are focused on the fundamental philosophical issue of "what is human"。Review History，Human thinking about this "Sphinx's Mystery" lasted for thousands of years，And like the Renaissance、Enlightenment and other cultural conceptual changes，All will cause the definition of "people"。"Sphinx's Mystery" in the legend of ancient Greece，It is essentially a philosophical metaphor that is separated from humans from beasts，announced that humans have been separated from the obscure stage of Ru Mao drinking blood，Entering a civilized period。and the continuous writing of artificial intelligence stories of science fiction，then predicted that the post -human age will be coming。After all，As a "person" as a specific concept and knowledge type，It can only be staged: the existing place of the beginning，There is also an end。Scholars holding such views are the most famous for Foucault，He decided to announce the "death of man" in "Words and Things" (1966)，Think in foreseeable future，People in traditional concepts "will eventually be erased，Like a face on the beach by the sea "。

To sum up，Four paradigms of artificial intelligence ethics described in science fiction，Existing constructive optimism longing，There is also a negative element that is pessimistic and rejected。After reviewing the divergent views of the lawsuit，I have a prudential and neutral attitude towards the future construction of artificial intelligence ethics: based on science and technology development、Species evolution，change of value concept，As a bet365 Play online games creator, human beings only abandon the traditional cognitive mode of "two points" and "confrontation of the master and guest"，Incorporate artificial intelligence as a creator into the category of evolution of human evolution，can we avoid the risk of artificial intelligence "anti -customer -oriented"，Then break the difficult paradox of the dual -cutting of human -machine，Eventually derives sustainable development blueprints from the dimension of human "autocorrelation"。

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(The author is a professor at the School of Arts of Tianjin Normal University)