Henry James (Henry James，1843-1916) is the representative writer and theorist of British and American literature in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century，It has a long -lasting impact on modern British and American literature。James was born in the United States，Live in London，His literary creation is very different from the American literature style represented by Mark Twain in the same period。Understand James's inheritance and improvement of the traditional American practicalism tradition，The inheritance and innovation of the inheritance and innovation of the national cultural traditions in the era of globalization。

American contemporary James research expert John Rowei in his masterpiece "Another Henry James" (1998) General James's literary thought，That is a strong sense of responsibility and pragmatic spirit，Connect with the traditional American practicalism。American practical traditions in the field of American literature and cultural ideology can be traced back to Ralf Emmer，Emerson is recognized as a representative of the establishment of the spirit of American culture。James's novel theory, although inherited the tradition established by Emerson to some extent，But it is an improved bet365 Play online games version。The biggest difference between James and Emerson is，He emphasizes the non -precedent of moral value，It is believed that moral value is the product of human social activities，closely related to human consciousness and life experience。It is worth noting that it is，James' Literature Pragmatism is not a dogmaticism，but an open system that continues to draw new ideas。This open system questioned and challenged the old social habits and behavior specifications，Leading life by removing new aesthetic forms。

James's inheritance and improvement of the American practicalism tradition，closely related to his conscious consciousness and active integration of the trend of the times。James in the tide of deep collision between European and American culture in the 19th and 20th centuries，He first showed a very high acuity on the flow of social class，Fully realized the decline of the noble forces in the times and the rise of the bourgeoisie。Then，James realizes the influence of identity consciousness caused by social class flows on the concept and psychology，Experience the competition and game of various forces dialogue and game。Under such consciousness，James consciously integrates into this exciting cultural torrent，Use his novel creation and literary criticism to express his own perception and thinking。For example，He commented on Fulou Bye，Revealing the illusion of romantic aesthetics from reality，bet365 live casino games and go to another extreme for scientific knowledge，that is, to criticize the rational and vulgarization of tools。It is in this cultural background of this era，James uses the American practicalism tradition，Deliven in literature, we are committed to finding a aesthetic proposition that can be taken to both tradition and cope with the challenges of the times，and a compatibility and accumulation、Commonly prosperous social development model。

From a deeper level,，James consciously integrates into the exciting cultural torrent method is his criticism of social reality，This can also be regarded as his inheritance and improvement of the traditional American pragmatism.。As some Western contemporary James researchers discovered，The literary research method that uses only the text of the work cannot interpret James's work well，It is also difficult to thoroughly analyze James's literary creation and theoretical achievements，It will even make the critics deliberately avoid talking about him because of the obscure theme of some works of James。But，One important dimension of James's works is social reality criticism，So his puzzling works such as "Jungle Beast"，The theme becomes clear，The interpretation of text complexity has also become traceable to follow。

What should be explained is，Whether it is content，still method，The social reality criticism mentioned here is based on the broad level。In content，James's novel creation is gender Bet365 app download of social reality、ethnic group、Race and class and other forces have a keen artistic performance; in terms of method，James's novel theory implies different criticism perspectives。Although the British and American new criticisms listed James as the core figure of this criticism genre，But James did not deliberately use a certain criticism method named in his literary history in his literary criticism。He has a rich creative style in his life，Involved psychological realism、Impressionism、Naturalism and conscious flow，Writing category is also very wide，Including novel creation、Novel Theory、Criticism and novelist criticism。In general，In terms of the dimension of social reality，James shows the exploration of thought、richness and forward -looking。For example，The book "American Scenery" (1907) is obviously a cultural criticism rather than literary criticism，The main purpose is to criticize the British and American society at that time，Fully reflects the criticism of James consciously running through all its literary activities。

It is worth noting that，Although James’s literary activity is based on social reality critical，Taking cultural criticism as the main path，But its main manifestation is still "literature"，Through the method of recasting a new aesthetic form to achieve the construction and leadership of social reality。I am writing to British novelist、Historian Bet365 lotto review and politician Herbert George Wales's letter，James said: "Art Create Life、Interest and importance，and constitute the essence of our thinking and practice of these activities。And I know that the strength and beauty that produced in this creation process is that there is no other thing to replace it。"(The Letters of Henry James) means，James always emphasizes the positioning of art，No matter what the social reality is reflected，Literature is always and must show its own art creation。More importantly，"Power" and "Beauty" are produced in "Art Creation"。From James,，The social reality of literature is not the purpose，The purpose is "art creation life"。James's thought not only responds to the debate of his contemporary British writers on literature as a purpose or means，And the western tradition that the literature is imitating in real life since Aristotle's literature、A disruptive challenge，That is, literature and art are not just imitating real life，but lead and create life。

It can be said，This is the final result of James inherited and improved the tradition of pragmatism in the United States。James is committed to fighting for the right to speak for the art of novels，Make the US pragmatism tradition in the torrent of European and American cultural integration in the 19th and 20th centuries.，Modern novelists who directly face and criticize reality do not need to be afraid of life，So as to have an active、The Bet365 lotto review possibility of building an ideal society。James has confidently emphasized in a letter to his friend Thomas Perry，Compared with the defects of novel creation caused by their peers in Europe due to the force of its life pattern，The advantage of American novelists lies in the American "moral consciousness and an unprecedented relaxed and lively spirit"。James firmly believes，The era gave Americans an excellent "cultural opportunity"，When they face the cultural forms of different ethnic groups, they can carry out free selection and choice，Through assimilation、Integration or comprehensive process to complete the "preparation of culture" (a life in letters)。

In the field of novel creation，James criticized and surpassed the previous novel's way of shaping the characters，Open up the plastic method of modern novels to characters，The transformation of realist novels that have prevailed from Victorian era to early modern novels; in the field of novel theory，James actively constructs modern novel art concept、Modern aesthetics on the issue of beauty and aesthetics，Efforts to realize the criticism and guidance of literature on social reality。His inheritance and improvement of the tradition of pragmatism in the United States，It has a certain reference value for later literary creation and cultural construction。

bet365 Play online games