The origin of Chinese literati paintings，Different standards，The saying is different。If you understand it as a literati painting，So you can trace back to Cai Yan in the Eastern Han Dynasty、Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty、Wang Wei and others in the Tang Dynasty;、lyrical self -entertainment and supportive words，To the gradual development of the literati to put forward his own literary insights、Theoretical claims，to form a trend of painting，It can be pursued to Su Shi。Consciousness process of the concept of "literati painting"，You can also follow the "Taxi body" of Xie He in the Six Dynasties，The "Scholars Painting" proposed by Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty，"Shi Fu Painting" discussed by Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty，Until the thoughts of Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty, the thoughts of Zen scholarship were used to use the north and south divisions of Zen，Divide "courtyard" landscape paintings and "literati paintings" into North and South factions，South painting is "literati painting"，The name of "literati painting" is officially established，and become the most ethnic artistic style in traditional Chinese painting。In the study of the history of Chinese literary and artistic thought，On the key character in the development of literati painting，It is often inseparable from Su Shi、Zhao Mengfu、Dong Qichang three people，The three represent the three development stages of "Starter", "Central Character", "Outer Banner" (Wang Lianqi "Talking about Su Shi、Zhao Mengfu、Dong Qichang's role in the development of literati painting ")。

Wang Bomin said in the book "History of Chinese Painting": "Painting in the Song Dynasty，It is the heyday in the history of Chinese painting，It marks the emergence of the peak of painting peaks in the Middle Ages of my country。"" Taxi Painting "in the era of" Yuanyou "，That is the concept of "literati painting"，Gas the development direction of Chinese painting has Bet365 app download undergone fundamental changes。Starting from the specific main relationship of literati and "literati painting"，Find the budding period of the theory of "literati painting"，It is one of the prerequisites for the theoretical research of "literati painting" in China。Name of "Trig Drawing"，To the metaphysical guidance of the "literati painting"，"literati painting" formed "sketching freehand，Yibi Po Cao，Yibi Po Cao，澹 Mo Chu Chu "artistic style，Yuanyou Wenshi's contribution in the history of literati paintings must not be。This article is from Yuanyou Wenshi's literary activity、Standards for review、Three aspects of re -creation between the subject，Interpretation of the "Yuanyou" era in the history of Chinese literati。

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The new and old parties in the Yuanyou period are very intense，Yuanyou Smart Group, centered on Su Shi, is with the Luo Party、In the struggle of Shuo Party，suffering unprecedented heavy pressure，They began to seek the rural life of soul liberation in depression，So in Yaji Sing Hezhong，Poems for landscape paintings in large quantities，To entrust your own life ideal。Poetry and singing of inscriptions during this period is also a product of party struggle，Brotting the emotion of the poet、The role of cushioning mental stress。Painter prevailed in the Song Dynasty、Poet，Poetry and singing and，It has also promoted the prosperity and development of the creation of poetry and painting。Yuanfeng Early Year，Su Shi、Li Gonglin and other 16 people at the West Garden party of the horse king Wang，Talking about poetry and painting。Li Gonglin and others drew "Xiyuan Yaji Map" for this reason (Yuanyou first year，1086）。Mi Yan will write for this picture，That is "Xiyuan Ya Ji Tu Ji"。Yuanyou two years，Su Shi has "Guo Xi painting Akiyama Pingyuan"，Huang Tingjian has "Two Rhymes, Guo Xi Painting Qiushan"，In Su Huang's poems，The scene of the late autumn stirred up the poet's hidden fun，They use to express their boredoms on the dispute over the world and the enterprise of Xiao Shu's realm。Yuanyou three years，Su Shi has a book bet365 live casino games Wang Gong's "Map of the Yantong River"，Wang Yan Youhe Poems，Su Shi reconcile poems again，Repeated，Repeated，Yaya Qun。

Poetry Poetry Singing and Has become an important part of the Poetry Singing of Yuanyou Smart Group，Also encouraging each other、A way of comforting each other。For this，Someone said，"For others in Yuanyou Smart Group，Poetry creation during this period has also achieved high results。Reasons for the reason，Frequent poetry singing and an important opportunity for the creation of Yuanyou Wenshi to create great achievements，Therefore, the title of the poem and singing has become the more special part of the Yuanyou Wenshi Group singing and the most special part "(Xue Ying's" Yuanyou Wenshi Group Painting Poetry and Poetry "。What the themeter said was in line with the actual situation at the time，We can see from these phenomena one of the scholars' spiritual world and daily life interest，It is one of the development characteristics of literati paintings for the "Yuanyou" era。

　Double scale and "Painting with my intentions"

Based on Yuanyou Culture A large number of literati painters to see，They believe that "scholar painting" is higher than "painter"，Not in the subject matter、pattern、Excellence of technique，and the artistic accomplishment unique to literati、mental temperament、Natural revealing of life interest in the work。This makes Yuanyou Wenshi's painting criteria different from previous generations，The angle of them stands at the perspective of social critics，When discussing the relationship between the theme of art and art，Based on the "six methods" of Xiech，True Zhengge，Reflecting the aspirations of the world，This pair of post -life paintings，Even some people in the art world today think that literati painting is applied to the slightest，It has a warning significance。Painting must have a foundation，Its foundation lies in "horizontal and straight，Each multiplier，Number of natural，Not bad at the end。New intentions in the law，Send Miao Lord outside the bold，The so -called room for savvy，Yunjin becomes windy "Bet365 lotto review ，Also "painting and writing objects，Do not change the shape。Poetry Painting Outside Innocence，Expensive paintings "(Su Shi" After the Book of Wu Daozi ")。But，When discussing the relationship between artistic attitude and artistic taste，Yuanyou Wenshi stands on a stand -alone artist or an individualized criticism，Based on the purpose of "painting with my intention"，Shang Qingyun，Good 趣，It reflects the creative mentality that is independent。Double -scale art evaluation standards，Applicable to literary reviews for different objects in different periods，It is also applicable to comments on the same object during the same period。

Overall，For the painting experience of Yuanyou Wenshi and the creation of poetry of inscription，Most of them are knowledgeable paintings、Xiaohua，but not good painting。Most of them have achieved "technical" almost "Tao" experience without formal modeling training (text、Wang Yan except)，But there is a common foothold，I have the creative experience and peak experience of entering the "Tao" of "Tao"。For example，Su Shi's poems、Miji painting、Huang Tingjian's calligraphy，These artistic experiences bring them a certain degree of creative self -confidence，When they are performing painting activities，This self -confidence will unconsciously act on painting this "device"，Makes their painting beyond the previous painting garden works，More book gas、literati flavor。Mrs. Wei said in "Pen Quan"，"The good school does not write，Good writers do not learn from "，Creation and criticism、Report，Originally from two different mental states，Different kung fu。but，Yuanyou Wenshi directly sent out to regulate the metaphysical and downward，This is the first appearance of literati paintings from behind the stage to the front of the stage (Lu Fu Sheng: "Chinese literati painting through the book")。

In fact，In the painting of Yuanyou Wenshi at the time，"Shangyi" obviously refers to the liberation of personality。You can see，The paintings of their choices and painting poems are not those graffiti works that are just for the sake of smoothness，Bet365 lotto review but those painting forms that can reflect both poetry and use traditional techniques。Yuanyou Wenshi surpassed the program，Pen ink surpassing pen and ink。The style of painting formed by the corresponding theory they proposed for "literati paintings"，Although there was no formation at the time，But after the painting practice of later generations, it becomes the representative of the most characteristic Chinese painting characteristics，It can even be said to be synonymous with Chinese painting。The role of their promotion of Chinese literati paintings is far -reaching。

　Painting · Culture · Book:Re -creation between the subjects

Yuanyou Wenshi opened the picture of the picture precedent，Development of post -after generation，The choice of the picture of the poetry of the title is the same as the subject of the painting，Need "Business Location"，Become one of the most distinctive artistic expression methods of Chinese painting。It can be found through the handed down painting，More than one poem on a painting work，Painting poets more than one person，Even the same person's poems more than once，You can sing repeatedly with many people，Multiple questioning methods coexist，This is the main feature of Yuanyou Wenshi's painting poetry，Lile the original model of the painting poems of later generations。From the perspective of the creation of poems of the title，There are two types of poems in painting and poems outside the painting; from the subject of the creation of poems of the title，There is a poem with self -inscription and poetry of his inscriptions; from the source of the origin of the poem，Jewelry、Appointment、Active and passive、Different states such as individuals and collectives。Different from the real environment，The production of poems also has complexity，Not only painting -single -person improvisation/delayed poetry such as a single structure。The paintings of Yuanyou Wenshi Poetry are mostly landscape and ink bamboo，Forms are also rich。Overall，There are more paintings than unparalleled paintings，Title of poetry is more than the simple bet365 live casino games department，Poetry Poetry has since really belonged to part of the picture structure，So that the painting of the Huizong period will leave the position of the poem on the side。but，From the perspective of painting works in the Yuanyou period，The location of the poem is mainly concentrated in the tail of the painting，But obviously the poems and paintings at this time have constituted an art community。After the development of later generations，The relationship between the poems of the title and the subject of the picture is mainly: dense title poems、Poetry above the title、Left and right poems、Poetry of Corporation、Poetry of the picture、Poetry of the question。

Yuanyou Wenshi's title Poem also has a feature，That is, the poet is good at different paintings of painting according to the title of the title、Style、Size，Different pen and ink。For example, "Guo Xi Painting Autumn Mountain Pingyuan", "Book King Dingguo's Tibetan River Stacking Map", "Book Wang Dingguo Wang Jinqing's Seed Mountain", and Rao Jie Yong Zhou 昉，Because the titled chant is huge or long roll，The poet often chooses the seven -character group law or the song body，Book body is mostly grass，Write the pen and ink vertical and horizontal，Vitality dripping，There is a magnificent weather。In the title Yonghui Chong、Li Shinan and other painters from the ink and wash scene of the painter，But use the quatrains more，Book body is mostly Kai Xing，Pen Ink Fresh、Short and light brisk。At the same time，Poetry of the title also needs to be with the postscript、postscript、Preface to the Question，It is mainly used for social entertainment，Poetry combination，Record the specific information of the work，Poetry and paintings that make lyrical freehand have a self -narrative shape。Just as the Xiyuan Yaji mentioned earlier，In the elegant concentration, there will be not only technical skills、Communication of thought and emotion，Visiting Friends、There will be creative poems in the letter。

Tang Dynasty paintings have been used in ink，Admire Qi Yun，Wang Wei's paintings have poems，It has been passed as bet365 Play online games a beauty in Yilin，From the Yuanyou period of the Northern Song Dynasty, more and more refined research，Yuanyou Wenshi's painting activity、Double -scale product review standards，and quote the poems when discussing the painting method、Calligraphy confirm each other，At the same time through the rules layout，Poetry、Book、Painting、Printing，Everbright Chinese art spirit。It can be said，The "Yuanyou" era officially opened the prelude to the literaryization of traditional Chinese painting，Chinese painting has entered the literary period。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on Yuanyou Wenshi Title Poetry" (22BZW071) phased achievement)

(Author is assistant researcher at the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)