For the past half a century，Sociology quantitative research and development are noticeable，I have made important contributions to the progress of social science and social governance。especially，With further maturity and large -scale high -quality sampling survey data with the way to enter the household survey method，Use the individual survey data for statistical regression analysis，has gradually become the mainstream mode of social quantitative research，and provide important stairs and carriers for talent training and paradigm in this field。But with the exceptions of the quantitative research method itself and the increasing expansion of the research objects，This mode also unknowingly weakened more or less quantitative workers to focus on macro phenomena、Discover and test the keen sensation of macro theory。Expressing over time，This "micro -purpose" gradually forms path dependencies，It even affects the ability of quantitative research and inspection of the theory and the ability to serve the "big of the country"。So，Quantitative research calls to return to the macro field of view，Develop "macro observation"。With big data、Introduction of methods and information of machine learning，The major propositions of this discipline development have been preliminary response and exploration。

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What are the differences between individual research in "micro -purpose" and "macro observation" group research? What is the bottleneck brought by the former?

First，Different data objects。Individual research focuses on natural persons or families、Enterprise，Use the attribute data of the individual level; group research focuses on regional or collective，Analyze the process of social systems with its group attribute index data。Second，Different theoretical objects。Micro theory of individual action or process、Action theory is a hypothesis test object for individual research; macro theory, especially governance theory，It is a hypothesis test object for group research。third，Different problems of the problem。Individual research to solve the optimization problem of individual social results，How to affect the individual results of the macro structural factors; group research takes the individual's rational (or irrational) action and limited factors as the established premise，The optimization process of the research area and even the social level governance results。

Research path dependencies of "micro -purpose"，Given the development of quantitative sociology brings three aspects of bottlenecks。One is the narrow vision，Insproductive time span。Its research is based on individual surveys，Therefore, the span of the data must be limited by the time and cost of the investigation; the spatial particle size is too fine，The observation particle size of traditional quantitative sociology is an independent distribution individual，But the main body of social operation and decision -making，Often not an independent individual。The second is the method solidification。The dominant method of traditional quantitative research is to investigate the data description and fitting model of the questionnaire for regression analysis，But it cannot solve the bet365 Play online games large time and space description of important social indicators、Accurate measurement of non -explicit social indicators、Features of the formation of complex system formation and massive data discovery。Third is to observe dwarfization。The main manifestation is，Theoretical standards -due to focusing on individual levels，The hypothesis theory confirmed or falsified by quantitative social analysis，Often cannot have a general exploration of the macro social process; the academic purpose is delicate -in the past ten years，The purpose of social quantitative research is more technical and refined，Gradually lost the great imagination that should belong to sociologists，and the awareness and problem consciousness of serving the "big of the country"; studying the foundation suspension -training and practice of quantitative sociology，Often easy to make scholars accustomed to relying on data，Carrying off in different places in the theory of the West、Expansion inspection of different times and different people。This tendency often forms data and theoretical space -time disconnection，Research on the "bonsai style" in the gallbladder。

How can macro steering possible 

Conditions for macro -steering sociology，From the methodology basis、Research value and implementation conditions:。

Organicist methodology basis。In contemporary sociological theory，The core point of view of the entity theory of the overallism is，Social groups can be regarded as a "free thing" ontology existence，For example, society、Regional or class，It is effective in the sense of causality。The rules of the behavior of human individuals and the laws of the process of social groups may be different，Therefore, the two cannot restore the contract or predict each other。So，It is necessary to clarify the analysis level in sociological research。

Multi -value of macro research。Macro quantitative research based on overallism，Although it does not necessarily constitute an alternative to micro research，But it can form an important supplement to existing quantitative research from multiple angles。Its value is mainly reflected in four aspects。The first is the theoretical value。Macro quantitative research is an important part of the "mid -level theory" research，It should get the same systematic inspection of the same system as a micro society。The second is the method value。Macro -related analysis enriches the connotation of sociological causality，Test the two levels of individuals and groups，It can help analyze the problems of group fallacy。Third is the governance value。Veterans such as China、For a big country with a lot of governance levels，Macro social research is more in line with the actual governance of local control in China。Fourth is institutional value。Macro international research can provide an empirical test of institutional advantages，Through the country、Statistical regression analysis of society for samples，New vision that can provide global system competition。

Implementation conditions for macro quantitative research。Quantitative research at the macro level，There are two different data obtaining and research paths。One is accumulated through local macro research or even macro micro -hybrid research，Return or approach macro analysis。Another is to directly realize the analysis of all subject samples or single complex subject systems at the macro level。Special，Big data structure covers Bet365 app download time trends、Space differences、Time and Space evolution、Network structure and massive text and other dimensions，Breeding started a new type of macro -observation research -Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology。

The most important feature of Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology，Key macro indicators that extract traditional methods from massive data that cannot be obtained or accurately measured，Then use the time series model at the group level、Panel model for macro theory test。or，Use machine learning、Simulation modeling、Social Network Analysis and other computing social methods，Description of macro social characteristics structure，To propose or correct theory。macro quantitative sociology against discipline development、service national strategy has important advantages，Is the theory、Data and Governance of the height of the three yuan drivers。It can start from the theoretical view，Description verification of data seeking data; you can also start from data driver，Form the theoretical spiritual flash。above the discipline of theoretical and data，The development of macro quantitative sociology has a governance driver to serve the "big of the country"。

Road to macro quantitative sociology 

Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology，Mainly four aspects of diameter，Sociology research issues that cannot be solved in different fields and levels in different fields and levels。

Structure based on massive text discovery: theoreticalization of social and cultural characteristics。Traditional quality research text analysis，Facing a large scale text is often helpless。So，Scholars, especially cultural and social scholars, advocate using various types of text big data to discover、Measure the sociological meaning in the number and semantic files。Specific diameter often has two: potential social and cultural structure recognition and presentation，The main method is to classify the characteristics of linguistics in the text with the help of machine learning; the excavation and interpretation of potential social and cultural laws，The main method is to use big data visualization tools and indicators to describe，The characteristics and laws of discovery found in the text，and form social cultural theory。

Complex research based on network data: Sociology presentation of complex systems。Interaction between individuals in the social process，Will gather through the network、emergence and transition process，The features of complex systems at the macro level。and the emergence of big data, especially network interactive data，It provides an important foundation for the complicated phenomenon of perspective。Complicated system research in the current sociology field mainly has two major dimensions。One is the description and measurement of complex networks。This research is based on various social interaction and associated big data platforms，Use visualization means，The social phenomenon of large space spans or massive participation subjects is presented and characterized by features。One is the simulation and model of the complex process。In this type of study，Social scientists mainly create an artificial society through multi -subject simulation modeling or mathematical modeling。

Empirical analysis based on macro social variables: Statistical test of macro theory。This mode is the closest type of diameter with traditional quantitative analysis，It is worth mentioning is，Chinese scholars start earlier in this field，Bet365 lotto review A series of research and presentation have been conducted based on Chinese data。This kind of study can be based on the variable、Big data sources of independent variables are divided into two categories。One is because the variables and independent variables are from big data。For example，In order to verify the phenomenon of "in -generation" in the spread of contemporary Chinese Internet culture (that is, a generation of cultural aggregates in a generation with only age difference)，Scholars use the popularity of Weibo with hundreds of network fever as an independent variable "impart"，Using Baidu's search heat as a variable "Learning"，then analyze the metering model，Discover the reverse social relationship in the generation。One category is because variables or independent variables come from big data。For example，In order to measure the attention of Americans over the past century，Scholars use digital book corpus，By calculating the words of the words related to the related words in the US publishing books to generate the cause of the "class consciousness index"，Provides the new certificate of the times for the classic theory。

Multi -layer studies based on macro micro -micro dual data: clarify district group fallacy。Sociologists can from an empirical perspective，stereo perspective compared with a macro micro mechanism，Further deepen the understanding of the common change relationship between X and Y，In -depth solution to the problem of district group fallacy。If the macro relationship is consistent with the micro relationship between the individual level，Then X and Y are in the process of gathered from individual to macro，The dominant may be the superposition and repeat effect; if it is not consistent，So you should explore the reasons for the existence of such group fallacy。

Constructing a Social Talking System with Chinese Characteristics 

Since the Chinese Sociology Reconstruction of China in the 1980s，Quantitative research has gained a long way to make progress，Gradually become the core component of Chinese sociology，and lead China to integrate with international academics in many fields。At the same time，China's quantitative sociology also conducts important explorations on the road of localization，In the concept system、Theoretical construction、Data collection and research methods have achieved fruitful results。but but，We also see，Since rebuilding，The main development path is mainly the posterior depending on the attachment。This model introduces the shortcomings in the development of western sociology to Chinese sociology，The "micro purpose" of quantitative research is one of them。For the study of quantitative sociology in China，Ignoring the macro micro path dependencies，Phase bottlenecks that have formed discipline development。The main manifestation is，Number of papers、The scientific research assessment system that affects the hero theory of heroes，Once encouraged the quantitative research of "bonsai style"; research field of vision is almost limited to contemporary China，Lack of historical society for China、Modern Society、Social exploration of society 30 years before reform and opening up，5645_5675，Insufficient construction of localization theory。The price is，China's quantitative sociology is weaker in the world、Small influence。

Macro steering of quantitative research on sociology，Especially the development of macro quantitative Bet365 app download sociology based on big data，It will be expected to accelerate the construction of a sociological talk system with Chinese characteristics。The mission of this transformation，Specific performance in six aspects。

Consciousness of Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology in China: Traditional Yuan 薮 from the theory of Western theory，Focus orientation of the rule of China。The post -hair dependency mode of Chinese sociology，At one time, the main focus of empirical research，Most of the traditional issues and even characteristics from the practice of western social development。On the one hand，Social layered、multinational immigration、Education returns、Sociological research concepts and knowledge systems such as women's power，Daza root and 100 -year experience refined in Western social governance，often cannot cover the theoretical object of Chinese social development。On the other hand，Many issues that have been solved or to be resolved in Chinese social governance，I haven't received enough attention in contemporary sociology。Lack of local issues and inertia of subject knowledge system，Make quantitative researchers conceive on topic selection、Design questionnaire to the whole process of measurement indicators and model analysis，It is often difficult to jump out of Western quantitative research。

The theoretical responsibility of China's Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology: from the Chinese Syndrome of Western Theory，The discourse construction of the theory of China。China's macro quantitative sociology is not satisfied with macro tests on China Social Theory in China，It is committed to exploring the proposal and system construction of local macro theories -big data contains big phenomena、Large rules，Can cause new big theories、Discovery。Beyond the theory of Europe and the United States，Open the forefront of the theoretical potential of China，Create a new concept that is easy to understand and accept for the international community、New category、New expression。

China's Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology service ability: micro focus from local phenomena，Strategic Study on the "Great of the Country"。Big data -based macro quantitative society research is more advantageous than traditional quantitative analysis in serving national strategy、More powerful、More direct。Big data restrictions on the country that breaks traditional survey data for China's quantitative sociology，Chinese scholars have begun to use new types of information resources，Observe and dissect the international community from a more confident perspective，With a more active attitude and clear vision，Come and examine major realistic issues that affect the construction of the community of human destiny，China Wisdom, which contributes social dimensions to the world with this、China Plan。

History of Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology in China: Examination from the short focus of contemporary society，Changjiao Farter Reading to the Chinese Wenli。Contemporary Chinese sociological quantitative research lacks historical views.。First，Research objects seriously depend on the questionnaire data of contemporary society。Second，Division of the research method，Insufficient traditional historical and cultural influence and training of quantitative researchers。third，Academic tradition relies on the quantitative research of American sociology，But the historical view of American sociology itself is inadequate。Fortunately，Macro quantitative sociology relies on big data of large space -time span，It can form a breakthrough of the traditional analysis time frame，It can even achieve historical data、Far reading of cultural information、Quantitative and general viewing，to give birth to new concepts、perspective and theory。

Talent Training of Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology in China: From a single individual scientific research training mode，The Lili Shuren Team Model of the Teaching Pioneer。Talent training in contemporary Chinese quantitative sociology has some deficiencies，For example, the development of heavy skills in education and teaching、Cultivation of light thought，During the professional training weight model、Light question consciousness，Evaluation system Published on the Paper、Light Social Service，It is even easy to form a kind of heavy laborer、Research on a unified research of a small building for self -closed tendencies。and the research object of macro quantitative sociology is huge span、Complicated information structure，It is suitable to become a comprehensive academic training、Professional fields of macro theoretical thinking，Also requires requirements for team collaboration ability and social service awareness，It is conducive to promoting cross -professional、Interior、Cross -region、academic cooperation across the field，Echelon training that is more conducive to composite talents。

China Mission of Bet365 lotto review Macro quantitative sociology in China: From looking up or ignored Western Academic Platform，Competition and dominance on global academic platforms。The spread here includes two layers of meaning。First, we must form a Chinese school recognized and pushed in global academic competition with a confident attitude。Natural Science and Philosophy and Social Science Services "The Great of the State" is very different，The latter has its profound cultural and ideological source flow。For this，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized，"In fact, the voices of my country's philosophy and social sciences are relatively small，Still in a reasonable saying、I can't tell the situation "，For the world, "strive to propose to reflect China's position、China Wisdom、The concept of Chinese value、Introduction、Scheme "。The second is true、stereo、Comprehensive Chinese image，Need to be sufficient data and theory to support and test。In the field of quantitative sociology，With the scale of Chinese scholars、Academic quality and the number of international academic carriers founded by Chinese people continue to increase，Based on Chinese data about the results of Chinese theory，Continuously emerging on the global academic stage。In terms of spreading Chinese voice，Big data -based macro quantitative sociology has a unique advantage，It can be objective、Authoritative academic works，The results of push the rule of China to the international stage and the global public、The self -confidence of the Chinese road and the tradition of the Chinesewen pulse。

The macro steering of quantitative research in contemporary sociology，To further promote the localization and internationalization process of Chinese sociology，Provides new opportunities and motivation。In terms of localization，Features of macro -shift of contemporary quantitative sociology，It mainly strengthens the awareness and theoretical consciousness of further strengthening China's problem。This is both the inherent driver of sociological Bet365 app download attributes and sociological people's national feelings，It is also a local situation in China、Big Data local information call for social theory。This macro steering，allows us to use a new observation level and vision、Unprecedented scale and precision research data，Build a new door for the construction of Chinese sociological theoretical system，Make strong exploration for global voices of Chinese sociological theory。

The last thing to emphasize is，Macro quantitative Bet365 app download sociology based on big data is an important part of "calculating sociology"，The development of its contemporary China，Deep Time、Land and people and advantages。We have the largest population and Internet user interface in the world，and a powerful political system and vast land，It also makes our social development generally present a unique synchronization and heterogeneous high integration。In the world's 100 years of unchanged changes，"Big" in China，Both have put forward more big theoretical challenges to researchers，Also perspective for researchers to see big time and space、Analysis of big data provides more strategic opportunities。The macro steering of quantitative research in contemporary sociology，It is a process that leads from "micro -purpose" to "macro observation".，It is also the pursuit of the spirit of self -innovation and unremitting theory of Chinese sociology in the new era，It is also the "beneficial knowledge system accumulated by modern social sciences by General Secretary Xi Jinping，Model deduction used、Analysis of quantity analysis，We can also use，and should be used well "，The implementation and response of the importance of the importance of quantitative paradigm。

(The author is a professor at the Department of Sociology of Nanjing University)