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■ Fang Hanqi

　　Fang Hanqi，Born in Beijing in 1926，Ancestral home, Guangdong Puning。One of the founders of Chinese Journalism History Research，Honorary First -level Professor of Renmin University of China。Since 1951, he has been at the University of St. John, Shanghai、Peking University、Renmin University of China engaged in Chinese journalism history teaching research，initiated and founded the only first -level academic society in China -Chinese Journalism History Society。His works "History of Modern Chinese Newspapers", "History of Chinese News", "History of Chinese Journalism", etc., have influenced generations of news communication scholars; The convener of the discipline review team of the Journalism Communication Discipline，Actively promote journalism and communication to become a first -level discipline。

November 10, 2021，The School of Journalism of Renmin University of China held a seminar for the construction of "Chinese Journalism History" course and teaching materials。95 -year -old Mr. Fang Hanqi entered the conference room，A warm applause sounds for a while。Applause is the sincere respect of the other party，Even more congratulations。On September 26th, the first National Teaching Material Construction Award selection announced by the National Teaching Material Committee，"History of China News Communication" (3rd edition) edited by Fang Hanqi won the first prize，It is the only first prize book in news communication textbooks。Holding this seminar，is taking this award as an opportunity。

"History of China News Communication" was preliminary edition in 2002，After two revisions，Choose for most news colleges in the country，Affecting generations of news students，"Direct Jiahui to students，Popularity，Wuyuan Ford "。This heavyweight textbook，It is the accumulation and heart blood of Mr. Fang Hanqi's life。As a journalist and a news educator，Fang Hanqi Road Blue Way、thick accumulation thin hair，Build a solid foundation for the development of the New China Journalism History、Cultivation of talents，Building a disciplinary building of the Journalism History with a brick and a tile of life。

　　Holy Report, embark on the road of journalism research

1937，Japanese imperialism has launched the "Seventh Seven" Incident that shocked China and foreign countries，Forced the Chinese nation to the dangerous situation of the death of the dead country，Pingjin is critical! The fate of countless Chinese people changes there。At that time, Fang Hanqi was studying in Beijing，​​I have to start to escape with my family。Forced by war，He frequently transfer to school，Comprehensive War of Resistance Against the Battle of Eight Middle School，Still and young will have suffered from flowing away。

1944，Fang Hanqi transferred to Meizhou Middle School in Meixian, Guangdong，I met an elder who had met in Beijing in the past。This elder graduated from Yanjing University，Is Fang Hanqi's aunt Fang Qunfeng's classmates，This is Meizhou Ji，At that time in a primary school in northern Guangdong。Her husband is the captain of the Fourth Army of the Northern Expedition，Sacrifice on the anti -Japanese line。

Must encounter the old old in the war，There is something particularly precious，And the other party Han Qi for，More extraordinary meaning。Fang Hanqi when he is a guest at her house，I found a dozen old newspapers in the collection。Meizhou at the time，There are only one or two newspapers that can be seen。Fang Hanqi served as a study member in the class at the first year of high school，Responsible for the wall newspaper，Need to pay attention to the information of the war from time to time and interview the writing。At this time, you can see these old newspapers published in Beijing and Shanghai，Fang Hanqi loves itself。The elders see Fang Hanqi very much love the old newspaper，I gave him all these newspapers。

This is the first batch of newspapers set by Fang Hanqi，This guest has also become the beginning of his hobby。People and things boarded on the old newspaper，Although it has been a trace，but Shao Piaoping、Fan Yangtze River and other famous reporters in the chest、Wind in the pen，Always make Fang Hanqi extremely fascinated，Therefore, he is determined to take the news department、As a journalist。Graduation bet365 Play online games of high school，Fang Hanqi applied for almost all universities that set up journalism，The only one who has not applied for the Department of Journalism of Private Yanjing University，Because the tuition is too expensive。Last，Fang Hanqi is admitted to the Department of Journalism of the National Academy of Social Education，Public college that has been in four years。

Although it is a poor student，Fang Hanqi spends money for hobbies but is very generous。He tried to collect all kinds of old newspapers，Frequent old bookstore "Taobao"。The old bookstore at the time，Most of them value old books，without looking at the old newspaper，To collect the old newspaper，Get the waste paper pile in the shop and find it。August 1947，Fang Hanqi and the senior Mu Jiazhang visited the old bookstore together，I found a bunch of "New Newspaper" and "Report" in the 1920s。They exchanged the money of a sesame cake to several old newspapers，The harvest is quite abundant，I feel happy。During college，Fang Hanqi visited the old bookstore for three years，Tibetan newspaper increased to more than 1500 kinds，There are many treasures that can be called "domestic or lonely"。

Based on such a rich collection，Fang Hanqi wrote more than 13,600 words in 1948 the paper "Early China Tabs"，Serialized 8 issues in the "Frontline Daily" sub -issue。This is the first academic paper published by Fang Hanqi，Since then he has embarked on the road of journalism history。

The types of collection are continuously increased，Fang Hanqi has its own way to organize them in a well -organized well。His imitation of Dewey decimal classification method，Category category of newspapers，There are 10 categories in total、118 small category，Newspaper with historical value or special significance，will also attach detailed instructions。December 1948，The National College of Social Education to celebrate the 7th anniversary of the establishment of the school，Hold a national newspaper exhibition，Fang Hanqi in the third grade as an academic member in the class，​​It is the main preparators and exhibition provider of the exhibition，The classification method adopted by the exhibition also comes from him。Preparation March、Two -day report exhibition，A total of 1650 newspapers exhibited，Take up 10 classrooms、400 classes，The number of visitors exceeds 6,000，"Declaration" and "Reported Magazine", all reported on the exhibition。

Fang Hanqi's hobbies and accumulation of journalism，Leave a deep impression on Ma Yinliang, then director of the department at the time。When I graduated in January 1950，Fang Hanqi received a letter from Ma Yinliang, then the curator of Shanghai News Library，This letter brought him the first job after graduation -Shanghai News Library Research Museum。

　　Investigation and Tibetan reports, find out the background of the history of journalism

"Shanghai Library Collection Report Investigation Record" is a nearly scattered old book，In January 1951，and attach the book directory of the journalism，The title page has a more detailed explanation of the included scope: "Tibetan reports are below two，The number of Tibetan reports is within one year，Not included in。"This survey comprehensively reflects at least 2 types of newspapers in Shanghai at that time and 31 various types of libraries that have been collected by more than a year，Historical materials value is self -evident。

70 years of years of circulation，Make the pages yellowish and crispy，I have to read it carefully，It's like holding a long and precious memory。Such a reference book that can be compiled by a great effort，It is Fang Hanqi's work，At that time he was 25 years old，Just graduated from college。

March 1950，Fang Hanqi officially went to work in Shanghai News Library。This is a newspaper professional library，from Jiefang Daily、News Daily and National Journalist Association Shanghai Branch co -founded，Old journalists who retreated due to the suspension of "Report" and "News" after the settlement of Shanghai、Old editor。The then President and editor -in -chief of the Liberation Daily, the chairman of the chairman，Ma Yinliang, the general manager of the original "Report" as the curator，"Report" the main author Feng Duliang as the deputy curator，The former deputy editor -in -chief of the News Daily Yan Duhe as the director。There were 23 people in Shanghai News Library at that time，Fang Hanqi is the only young man in it。

"Report" and "News" is Shanghai’s big newspaper，"Report" and "News" is Shanghai’s big newspaper，There are more than 600 newspapers in hidden。Fang Hanqi's work is mainly bet365 live casino games to sort out the old newspaper，Eating and living in the museum。Most of the old newspaper people have more than 20 years of news work experience，There are a lot of old news to talk。Fang Hanqi listened to the old newspaper during the day，Wait until 5 pm after get off work，Reading Book to read newspapers，After watching 3 years, more than 27,000 copies of the 78 years of published "Report"，Even scholars who specialize in "Declaration" have rarely done it。

Shanghai at that time，Including Shanghai News Library，There are 57 public and private libraries，Star Play，Each feature。Fang Hanqi thought，Investigate the Tibetan reports of each library in Shanghai，It is a professional library in the name "News"。So，He made suggestions to the museum，Get strong support from Ma Yinliang and Yan Duhe。

As the only young man，Task to investigate on the spot in each library，Fang Hanqi is not letting you let it go。Starting in May 1950，He travels between Shanghai News Library and other libraries every day，Run all the libraries in Shanghai。The Xujiahui Tibetan library left a deep impression on Fang Hanqi，"There are so many newspapers there"。Founded in the Xujiahui Collection Building in 1847，The first library founded by the French Catholic Jesuit，When Fang Hanqi goes，French priests in the library have not left。

With 500 yuan in funding provided in the museum，Fang Hanqi "Single Battle" 8 months，Not only investigating the Tibetan report of each library，I also figured out the status of the journalism collection，Edit a directory。When Yan Dudi wrote the title of the book，I feel regrettable，Fang Hanqi, who has just graduated experience, forgot to write the prelude and the first language，Never explained the background of the book for readers。A survey record edited by Fang Hanqi，Not only a historical record，Still a young man's hard work testimony。

September 2020，Renmin University of China holds the opening ceremony for the new school year，Fang Hanqi, full of silver hair, brings a "open class" for more than 8,000 freshmen。He tells everyone，"The best year to do the best thing to do"，I hope everyone "read more、Sit more cold bench、Multi -Bubble Library "。70 years ago，Fang Hanqi did "the best thing to do" in his "best years"。

　　"Looking for rice", draw the knowledge of journalism history

Adjustment of national colleges and universities in 1952，It is a major event in the history of Chinese higher education，The basic pattern of the Chinese higher education system in the second half of the 20th century laid it out。In the departmental adjustment，China's news education pattern has also changed huge changes，The news education resources in the south are gathered to Fudan University; in the north，The Department of Journalism of Yanjing University is taken over by Peking University，Become a major under the Chinese Department of Peking University，This forms the basic pattern of "one south, one north" in China news education，It continued until the establishment of the Department of Journalism of Renmin University of China in 1955。

August 23, 1953，Fang Hanqi brought all his family as the four major luggage to Peking University，Become a teaching assistant in the news major of the Chinese Department。Although it is just a teaching assistant，There are also formal employment letters，Pired by President Ma Yinchu。From this，Fang Hanqi has ended the three years of Shanghai News Library Research Ledere，officially becomes a teacher，Teaching and research work dedicated to journalism。

1951，Fang Hanqi has started earlier。1951，Director Huang Jiade, Director of the Department of News from Shanghai St. John University, wants to find a teacher who teaches part -time journalism，Ma Yinliang recommended Fang Hanqi。A few years older than students，The effect of lectures is very good，"One on the podium，Four seats listening "，Huang Jiade immediately invited Fang Hanqi to go to different lessons。So，Fang Hanqi starts to go to Shanghai St. John University Newspaper Department to talk about two hours of journalism.。Fan Jingyi, who was studying at the Chinese Department of St. John, Shanghai at the time, also heard Fang Hanqi's class，Impression，I don’t forget for many years。

Fang Hanqi's lecture at the University of St. John, Shanghai，and his interest and accumulation in journalism history，All of his neighbors、The editor -in -chief and director of the secretary office of the "Liberation Daily" Lie Lili in the eyes。List with rich journalism and education experience with Fang Hanqi is very bet365 best casino games deed。March 1953，List is transferred to the deputy director of the Chinese Department of Peking University，Responsible for the newly established news major。Before taking office，He invited Fang Hanqi to teach at Peking University。Because "Interested in the profession of teacher"，Fang Hanqi readily agreed。Lie Ling was a bit self -made about this "digging"，"Say Fang Hanqi is what I invited，If I hadn't invited it，He will not engage in the history of the news "。

Wisdom's eyesight is indeed amazing，It was not easy to teach journalism at the university。In order to establish a New China news education system，In all aspects of the course content, huge adjustments and changes must be made，But the lack of information makes Fang Hanqi, who was responsible for the teaching task of Chinese journalism history at the time, was quite difficult。Existing journalistic history research works，Only a few books such as Gong Zhen's "History of Chinese Daily" have reference value。Dan Ge's work lower limit to 1927，There are still many errors。What's more difficult is the history of the revolutionary newspapers，Apart from Hu Qiaomu's "Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China", a few words mentioned in，No other ready -made information。

At that time, I taught this course，Apart from Mr. Cao Hengwen of Fudan University，Only Fang Hanqi is alone，News history teaching and research is completely a garden to be reclaimed。Fang Hanqi when he came to Peking University，Only one week left after leaving school，He has to collect information while lectures。At the beginning，The teaching effect is not ideal，I received a lot of opinions，Fang Hanqi feels distressed for this。

The clever woman is difficult to cook without rice，Fang Hanqi began to "find rice down the pot"。Except for the regular meeting of class and teaching and research room，At other times he uses to read books and prepare lessons。During the winter and summer vacations, go to the library of Beijing and Shanghai、For the archives, check and collect newspapers and magazines、Visit the old newspaper。Knowing that the original "Xiangjiang Review" hosted by the Library of Peking University，Director of the curator to keep it in person，Can't borrow it outside，Fang Hanqi reads the newspaper in Xiangda's office to complete the preparation of lessons。From 1953 to 1958，Fang Hanqi read more than 2,000 books。Due to the long -term desk work，His top of his top is always the first to wear，For this reason, multi -pair of sleeve sleeve spare。

1958，The Journalism Department of Peking University is merged into the Department of Journalism, Renmin University of China，Fang Hanqi moved to the people，But the concentration of preparation of lessons accumulate like old。Historical materials of news history，It is not valued in the past，Especially the ancient history part，Scattered rare，and often hidden in the edge corner of various historical documents、Hidden place。Fang Hanqi at the cost of youth，In the old paper stack of buried heads like a sea of ​​smoke，Day after day、Search for the first -hand historical materials of the stars year after year，Building a solid foundation for the study of journalism history。

day after day、The accumulation of year after year is finally returned。Since 1953，Fang Hanqi promotes education with research，Published more than 20 papers one after another。until 1965，Fang Hanqi, who has worked at Renmin University of China, compiled a book "Lecture on the History of Modern Chinese Newspaper History"，Better Gonggong，Work of hard work，Preliminary drawing of knowledge map of journalism history。

I am young，At this time, it will also enter middle -aged。Full possession of first -hand historical materials，Make Fang Hanqi's lesson led by the edge、Fundamental information。Professor Cheng Mei, who had heard his lecture that year, recalled: "Teacher Fang Hanqi talked about the history of Chinese newspapers，There are often many lively and interesting materials，Known as ‘Oktop Lone Stop’。One time，He quotes ancient literature，Introduce the publication of the "Beijing News"，Painting Voice color，I heard everyone's breath，Forgot the get out of class。”

　　tens of thousands of cards, a peak of a journalist history

September 1978，Renmin University of China Refused，Fang Hanqi came from Peking University to the People's Congress for the second time，Since then, I have been coaching at Renmin University of China。At this time Fang Hanqi is 52 years old，He has done a lot of things in the past ten years，Disposable for the "May 7th" dry Bet365 app download school in Jiangxi, she still hit stones at the quarry field、I have been a guy in the cafeteria，But I failed to conduct research history teaching research。After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party，Reform and opening up spring back to the earth，China News Education also restores development。The 30th anniversary of the establishment of a school near Renmin University of China，Fang Hanqi, who rejuvenated his academic youth, found the director of the department Lie，Proposal to write a book "History of Modern Chinese Newspapers"，Gift for 30 years for the establishment of the school。

The material basis for writing books，tens of thousands of cards accumulated from Fang Hanqi for a long time。Fang Hanqi went to school from Mr. Cao Juren's news interview class when he was in college.，I have been persisted since then。3 years in Shanghai，Fang Hanqi read thousands of newspapers，Excerpted more than 20,000 cards。Even in the turbulent era，Dang Dang lost，Card is also reluctant to lose。Card with long -term accumulated cards as the foundation，Fang Hanqi re -devasted in tense teaching、Research and writing time，The result of the result is a result immediately。

Starting writing from the summer of 1978，Fang Hanqi wrote for two years，For this, he has accumulated for nearly 30 years，Even for writing this book, 25,000 cards were made。Conditions at the time，There is no writing desk in the home，Fang Hanqi was lying on the book box and wrote the book -these five baby big book boxes，He has been with him when he decentralized Jiangxi。Due to busy teaching，Writing books can only see stitches and use spare time。Fang Hanqi only planned to write 80,000 words at first，But when it is written, it is out of control，Finally wrote a 570,000 -word monograph，More than 1160 kinds of newspapers and periodicals，Introduction to more than 1500 people，Correct more than 200 places of errors in the predecessor。"At first warm and cold"，This way of writing is undoubtedly "risky"，Because since 1949，Journalistic history research almost does not talk about characters，"History of Modern Chinese Newspapers" alone is not 100.。

New Year's Day in 1981，Fang Hanqi wrote a postmoder for "History of Modern News and Press" in the Journal of the Journal of the Journalism Department of Renmin University of China。The 30th anniversary of Renmin University of China has passed，But this one condensed Fang Hanqi's 30 -year -old monograph，The significance far exceeds a booklet with a gift。Once the book was published, it caused a strong response at home and abroad，It is recognized as "the first influential journalist monograph in 50 years" after the "History of Chinese Daily" in Geogong Zhen "，is the "another peak" of the research of Chinese journalism history。A lot of rich first -hand historical materials in the book，and the basic method of research history based on the establishment of journalism，It has a profound impact on the academic community。

　　Concentricular writing, consolidate the foundation of journalism history

The early 1980s，News education starts to resume development，But the view of "no news" is still very common。From the industry to the academic community，The fierce discussion of "there is no learning in the journalism" is all over the country's news institutions、News unit，Become a hot topic。For journalists，Take off the hat of "No learning"，An important task in the construction of the discipline of journalism。

1985，Fang Hanqi published an article "Journalism History is the Science of History"，causing a large impact。He emphasizes，"The history of the news is a science，It is a science that investigates and studies the history of journalism and its laws of evolution "" The category of cultural history "。At the same time，He pointed out based on rich materials，Chinese Journalism Research Beginners started with journalism research，News History is an important part of journalism，It also played the cornerstone role for the construction of the discipline of the journalism。

"Journalism is learning"，It is like "white rice is rice"，The reason why I have to write a special article for this，It is precisely because of the "journalism without learning" error view at the time，Not conducive to the healthy development of journalism in the new period。

In order to build the foundation foundation，Since 1986，Fang Hanqi and Ningshu Fan、Chen Yezhen and other older generation of news history experts organized more than 20 scholars in more than 20 news academic units nationwide，Written a set of more than 2.6 million words of "History of China Bet365 lotto review News Class" three volumes，13 years of worries，Finally came out in 1999。This set of history is "huge in space、Rich content、The thickness of the material、Construction complete，All unprecedented works "，represents the "highest level of Chinese journalism history research" at that time，In 2013, the English version of the English version was published in Singapore.，Become "The First Foreign Language Translation of New China Journalism"。2000，Three volumes of "Chronicles of Chinese News Career" edited by Fang Hanqi，The process of compilation spans 20 years，The historical materials recorded are extremely rich、Reliable，It has an important academic value that has a solid foundation for Chinese journalism history。

More than 3,000 sets、More than 100,000 cards、monograph、Tong History、Chronicles、Teaching Materials ... Fang Hanqi builds a brick and a tile of Chinese Journalism History Building，Make a huge contribution to the construction of Chinese journalism disciplines。1981，The first session of the State Council's Degree Committee Disciplinary Review Team was convened，Discipline is not recognized as a discipline，It has been listed as a second -level discipline under literature for a long time for a long time。Fang Hanqi, then member of the then subject evaluation team, actively advocates promoting the journalist from secondary disciplines to first -level disciplines，Pushing unremitting efforts。1997，News Communication is rated as a first -level discipline，With your own separate subject review team，All evaluation activities within the scope of the subject，can finally be the master。

2016，At the Fang Hanqi Journalism History Symposium and Fang Hanqi's 65th Anniversary Conference，Professor Yang Baojun of the School of Journalism of Renmin University of China is very sincere，Chinese Journalism is precisely because of the Taishan Beidou like Mr. Fang，This discipline is only confident and heroic，Cereated eyebrows，Only in the constant entanglement of learning and no learning and becoming the scholarship of the times。

■ 2021，Mr. Fang Hanqi 95 -year -old Shouchen Author/Supply Figure

　　Tao Li Fangfang, Watch the future development of the journalism

1978，Fang Hanqi began to recruit master's degree，Dr. Training Beginning in 1984，So far "Fangmen" Tao Li has been full of the world，Become the mainstay of the development of China's news education。Fang Hanqi is not only the hard -working "gardener"，The "gardener" of the "gardener"，Training talents for Chinese news education is exhausted。

January 1984，Journalism is listed as a doctoral degree awarding professional by the Degree Committee of the State Council，Fang Hanqi and Wang Zhong、Gan Xi divided into three professors to become the first batch of doctoral tutors in my country。At that time, the doctoral training of journalism，There are not many students，Most students are yearning for the industry。I found that talented students who have the ability to engage in academic research，Fang Hanqi always works hard to encourage them to continue on the academic road。Yin Yungong is the first doctor of journalism trained by Fang Hanqi，He recalled that Mr. Fang Hanqi went to his dormitory three times to persuade him to apply for a PhD，"I lived on the 5th floor at that time，Teacher Fang is over half a year，But I still go to the place where I live in person to mobilize me to continue to be studied "。

Starting the first PhD from enrolling in 1985，Fang Hanqi has guided more than 50 doctoral students，I am still guiding the "closure disciple" to complete the doctoral dissertation。Fang Hanqi trains students，Emphasize the Expo Group Book、Some targeted，Encourage students to play their specialty，Following your own research ambitions constantly pioneering，And emphasized that there must be innovation on the basis of predecessors。Professor Chen Changfeng of Tsinghua University still remember，When Mr. Fang guides students to select topic selection，Will sort out the research that the predecessors have done again，"The peaches on the roadside have been picked by the predecessors，You need to discover it again、A different approach "。

The research field of "Fangmen disciples" not only in time to the present during the period，Cover Tang、Ming、Qing、Republic of China、Contemporary and other times，There are also important newspapers such as the "Bee", "Report", "Shanghai Jewish Chronicle" and other important newspapers.、In -depth investigation of important newspapers such as Hu Zheng。Under the guidance of Fang Hanqi，"Fangmen disciple" has its own strengths，After graduation, accumulate bet365 best casino games thick hair，Open in depth in their respective fields，Not only becoming the backbone of journalism history research，The field of journalistic history research has been expanded from multiple levels、Methods and ways。From China to Foreign、From newspapers to new media、From business to system ... as a second -generation journalist researcher，"Disciple Fangmen" is based on the first generation of journalist scholars such as Mr. Fang，Padded with a broader and fine discipline map for the research history research。

Fang Hanqi once said: "When a teacher, you must have the" candle "spirit。Burn yourself，Light others。Must be wholehearted to students，Try to do your best。From being a person to learning，All efforts to help them，Follow them，Caring for them。Students Respect Teacher，Teacher cares for students，My relationship with my students is always very harmonious。"Teacher's Day every year，There is an endless stream of students visiting Fang Hanqi's house。No matter where I was，September of each year，Fang Hanqi will definitely return to Renmin University of China，At the opening ceremony of the School of News，Sending his encouragement and expectations for the freshman。

Fang Hanqi's attention，Not only their own students，"All the help will be the following in Mr. Fang，Handle the future generations is a habit of Mr. Fang "。Many scholars of younger generations have received Mr. Fang's heart guidance and encouragement，A large number of news institutes get Mr. Fang's selflessness in construction and development、Advision and meticulous suggestions。Professor Li Lei of Communication University of China once said，"For the construction of the Department of Domestic Journalism，Mr. Fang did not leave hard，It can be said that it has traveled through the motherland's thousands of mountains and rivers "。

Fang Hanqi, who is over 90 years old, claims to be "retired veteran" in journalism history research，More than 100,000 cards that condense half of their hearts have also been donated to the School of Journalism of Renmin University of China，But he has been watching the development of the journalism、Development of news communication activities、Development of News Education。September 2017，Fang Hanqi won the "Wu Yuzhang Humanities and Social Sciences Lifetime Achievement Award"，bonus 1 million yuan。"I won some awards in my life，Never had such a large amount of bonus "，Fang Hanqi's life is diligent and thrifty，The biggest flower is buying a book。Know the award，He will donate all the bonuses immediately，Used to support national journalism history research、Promote the development of news and communication disciplines。

In the speech of the "Chinese Journalism History" course and textbook construction seminar，Fang Hanqi encourages everyone to work together，Promoting the research of journalist history and teaching materials for further development。"The waves of the Yangtze River are in front of the waves，A generation of newcomers wins the old people "，This is the earnest expectation and long -term watches of a journalist at a journalist。

　(This article is the major bidding project of the National Social Science Fund "70 -year News and Communication History 1949-2019" (19ZDA320) phase results)

(Author: Renmin University of China Journalism and Social Development Research Center; School of Journalism, Renmin University of China)