In the 1940s，A group of Chinese literature、History and other studies of Chinese -American scholars go to the United States to focus on Chinese literature and history research，They have made important contributions to the study of Sinology in the United States，It has left a stroke in the history of the development of Sinology in the United States。Fang Zhaoyi is one of the representative figures，He in the history of Ming and Qing Dynasties、There is a deep accomplishment in modern history，It is a famous historian at home and abroad、Literature scholars。

Fang Zhaoyi，Word Zhao Ying，Alias ​​Zhaoying，Born in Tianjin in 1908，Ancestral home is Tai'an, Shandong。1928，Graduated from the Department of Mathematics of Yanjing University，Get bachelor's degree in science。1930，Graduated from Wuchang Wenhua Library College。This school was founded in 1920，Is the cradle of the major of our library，It is also the predecessor of the School of Information Management of Wuhan University。Here，Fang Zhaoyi accepted a professional library learning、Training for professional knowledge such as archives，Become his beginning of literature research。

After graduating from the library,，Fang Zhaoyi bet365 Play online games has been a two -year assistant curator at Yanjing University Library。1932，He goes to the United States，Continue to study at Harvard University。During the presidency of the assistant hall of Yanjing University，Fang Zhaoyi met his life partner -Ms. Du Lianzheng，Two people settled in 1934。From this，Fang Zhaoyi and his wife Du Lianzhang are committed to the research and teaching of Chinese history。

Fang Zhaoyi is proficient in multiple languages，Dedicated in the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Studies in modern history。His translated work has become a bridge to communicate in East and Western academics，Know the world for China、The world knows that China has made the efforts of that generation。

1929-1931，The translation of Fang Zhaoyi published a large number of Western literature，Among them, there are many introduction to the development of the development of Western science and engineering，This is with his library、Archives professional fit，Become a Chinese person to comprehensively understand the development of humanities and social sciences and natural sciences in the world。At the end of 1929，His translation published the book of Maurice G. Hindusa (1891-1969)，Let domestic readers understand Russia、Marriage and Family System in the United States and other countries，Knowing Marxists against marriage、Discussion on the relationship between family and private bet365 Play online games ownership，To guide domestic young scholars to discuss family problems。In addition，Fang Zhaoyi concentrated on writing about card directory usage from 1930 to 1931、Buy calligraphy、Library Management Law、Articles of Craft Library and other articles，He also made a post a post for Mr. Ming Jiajing Ben Ming, who was collected by the museum，It shows deep historical data testing skills。

December 1932，Fang Zhaoyi and Du Lianyu jointly compiled "Thirty -Thirty -Thirty -Thirty -Three -Three -Qing Dynasty Biography Integrated Citation"，They choose ten types，Get more than 40,000 sheets，Then use Chinese characters 庋 庋，from Takata Jizhi、Shi Zhaoyuan's two gentlemen to help school against the original manuscript，Last time and write it。This is a reference book for the biography of the character of the Qing Dynasty，An important reference for becoming a researcher in Chinese history。

During the period when serving as a research assistant to the Library of the Washington Parliament (1934-1943)，Fang Zhaoyi and people co -edited the "Increased Quotes of the Title of the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty"，In this attracted preface，Fang Zhaoyi proposed，To make supplements for the 13th subjects of Guangxu Chao Dynasty and the graduate entrance examination for studying,，To write the list of Jinshi of the entire Qing Dynasty。During his period in the United States, he also contacted Bet365 lotto review domestic scholars，"The Institute of Scholars Institute", which has been obtained for seven years of Tongzhi，What should be used is "Continuous Speaking"。From this，A set of essays formed、The Qing Dynasty Jinshi List of the Biography of the History，It is also an excellent historical and literary research information。

1943-1945，Fang Zhaoyi participated in the two volumes of the "Chinese Celebrity Dictionary of the Qing Dynasty" in the U.S. Congress Library。Hu Shi has highly praised these two volumes of dictionaries as "The only one that has been sorted out in the last 300 years of China in the last 300 years of China"。

In addition，Fang Zhaoyi has also participated in writing "The Biography of Celebrities in the Qing Dynasty", "Biography Dictionary of the Republic of China", and "Ming Dynasty List"，These three works are written in English，It is an important reference material for international Sinology researchers，Also Fang Zhaoyu about modern Chinese history、Ming and Qing Dynasties and the collection of character biography research。The 2070s，Fang Zhaoyi and Du Lianzhang also received honorary doctoral degree awarded by Columbia University at the same time。

Fang Zhaoyi once wrote Chinese textbooks，Students used to teach the history of Chinese cultures。After the outbreak of the Pacific War，The United States has implemented the "Army Special Training Plan" in 25 universities including bet365 best casino games Harvard，Zhao Yuanren who participated in this course plan、Deng Yiyu、Fei Xiaotong and other scholars studying Asian history，Monday, who was still a doctoral student at the time、Yang Liansheng and others as teaching assistants。April 1943，hired by the U.S. Army，Fang Zhaoyi joined Yale University this plan，Professor Chinese in the Chinese class。To better meet the needs of teaching，He collaborated with Hokart to write a series of practical Chinese spoken textbooks。

After the end of World War II，Fang Zhaoyi has a relatively stable work and research environment，His education and library studies have opportunities for development，Whether it is the University of Washington，Or University of California, Berkeley，Or is the National University of Canberra Australia，All become an important journey in the academic life of Fang Zhaoyu。During work during these places，Fang Zhaoyi and Du Lianyu trained a number of sin researchers，Ruimari、Shi Jingqian、Ni Dewei and other well -known Ming and Qing history researchers all made their doors。

Among these American students，The most well -known with Shi Jingqian。1962，Shi Jingqian made a special trip to Australia to worship，Fang Zhaoyi has taken the Chinese name for Shi Jing，and send a message "Study Sima Qian in history"。With the deepening of the relationship between the two，They also have a similar understanding bet365 best casino games and feeling of the collision of the two cultures。Fang Zhaoyi thinks，Doing research must take into account the long length of two cultures，Discover historical details from the history，See you big，So as to make valuable academic contributions to cultural exchanges between China and the West。

To his later years，Fang Zhaoyi and Du Lianyu donated a large number of books for many years to donate to the "Central Research Institute" Modern History Research Institute Library and the Australian National Library，Two people are history、The study of literature is preserved for fire。1985，Fang Zhaoyi and Du Lianyu were invited to return to China，Unfortunately due to a sudden heart attack，Died in Beijing on April 26。Fang Zhaoyi's life，can be described as a model of "Education in the World"，Researchers who can inherit their academic thoughts，The text he stays also has the power of penetrating time and space，Affecting research modern history、Later in the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties。

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(Author Unit: Marxism College of East China Normal University; Marxist College of East China Normal University、East China Normal University Overseas Chinese Studies Research Center)