Zheng Hangsheng (1936-2014)，People from Yueqing, Zhejiang，Born in Hangzhou，Received primary school and junior high school education in Yuyao, Zhejiang，Admitted to Shanghai Middle School in 1953，In 1956, he was recommended to the Department of Philosophy of Renmin University of China to study for a five-year undergraduate degree，Stayed at the school to teach after graduation in 1961。Studying bet365 games and modern Western philosophy at the University of Bristol in the UK from 1981 to 1983。Former director of the Institute of bet365 games, Renmin University of China、Dean of bet365 games Department，Vice President of Renmin University of China、Director of the Sociological Theory and Method Research Center of Renmin University of China，Employed as one of the first first-level professors at Renmin University of China in 2009，Founded publications such as "Sociological Review" and "Social Construction" and served as chief editor，Create "Beijing Zheng Hangsheng Social Development Foundation"，Ren as Chairman。Served as President of the Chinese Sociological Society、Convener of the Political Science and bet365 games Discipline Review Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council、Head of the bet365 games Discipline Planning and Review Team of the National Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation、Chairman of the bet365 games Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education、Member of the National Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Expert Advisory Committee、Member of the Central Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project Advisory Committee and Chief Expert of the bet365 games Group、Member of the Social Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and other positions，Won the title of “National Outstanding Professional and Technical Talent”。

Zheng Hangsheng is one of the important founders of Chinese bet365 games in the new era，Also the founder of the bet365 games discipline of Renmin University of China、The founder of the school of social operation。Zheng Hangsheng as a banner of contemporary Chinese bet365 games，is the most representative scholar who advocates and promotes the localization of the discipline since the restoration and reconstruction of bet365 games，Making important contributions to the construction of China’s independent sociological knowledge system。

　Propose a systematic sociological theory with bet365 games characteristics

Improving the theoretical consciousness of Chinese bet365 games、Constructing sociological theory with Chinese characteristics，is a clue that runs through Zheng Hangsheng’s academic journey。As early as the 1980s and 1990s，Zheng Hangsheng clearly stated the goal of “building a Marxist bet365 games with Chinese characteristics”，And published "New Exploration on Sociological Object Issues" (1987)、"New Edition of Introduction to bet365 games" (1987)、"Research on Social Indicators Theory" (1989) and other groundbreaking works。One of the important masterpieces "Introduction to Social Operations" published in 1993，The subtitle is "An exploration of basic sociological theories with Chinese characteristics"。

To build Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Aiming at Chinese-style bet365 games，Zheng Hangsheng is based on the characteristics and vivid practice of the times in China’s social operation and social transformation，proposed the theory of social operation、Social Transformation Theory、Discipline localism、Social mutual construction theory、Five major theories of practice structure theory，Formed a more systematic basic theory of bet365 games with Chinese characteristics，Known as “the pioneer of sociological theory with Chinese characteristics” by the bet365 games community。

In addition，Zheng Hangsheng and his academic team also proposed a large number of middle-range theories，Such as the theory of social operating mechanism、The "degree-potential" theory of social transformation、Social indicator theory、Social negotiation theory、Socialization and Individualization Theory、Theory of rational allocation of social resources、New Theory of State-Society Relations、New community building theory、The history of Chinese social thought from the perspective of the rise and fall of chaos, etc.。These middle-level theories are together with the basic theories，Constitutes its rich theoretical system of bet365 games with Chinese characteristics。

In his later years, Zheng Hangsheng compiled his published articles into a collection "Zheng Hangsheng's Academic History of bet365 games"，Published five volumes，Each volume is centered around "bet365 games with Chinese Characteristics"，It can be seen that he regards the construction of "sociological theory with Chinese characteristics" as his lifelong academic pursuit。

The series of localized sociological theories proposed by Zheng Hangsheng are one of the most important and original achievements in the construction of sociological theory in my country since the restoration and reconstruction，It was evaluated by scholar Xie Lizhong of Peking University as “the content constructed by Chinese scholars themselves is the richest” since the restoration and reconstruction of bet365 games in China、The largest sociological theoretical system”，Greatly improved the theoretical character and theoretical level of my country’s bet365 games。

　Create a clear-cut school of bet365 games operation

Zheng Hangsheng attaches great importance to the construction of the school，Emphasize that school is the most substantial platform for academic development，Is there any school of thought，Especially whether there is a famous school，Is a subject prosperous、Mature、One of the important symbols of domestic and foreign influence。He believes that "the Chinese theoretical school of bet365 games，is the support point of Chinese bet365 games。The more such schools there are，It shows that the power of Chinese bet365 games is getting stronger、The higher the level, the better，The more vitality and creativity you have”。Clear school consciousness and school practice are also the main thread running through Zheng Hangsheng’s entire sociological academic practice。Xie Lizhong pointed out，Zheng Hangsheng is "the first person in Chinese bet365 games who consciously proposed to establish a Chinese sociological school"。As early as August 1988, the Chinese Sociological Society held the "National Academic Symposium on Theory and bet365 games of the Primary Stage of Socialism" held in Yichun City, Heilongjiang，Zheng Hangsheng formally proposed the "more school of thought，The proposition of being less sectarian。Later on various occasions，He repeatedly discussed the importance of the development of schools to the development of Chinese bet365 games。

The two most important pillars of a school of thought are theoretical doctrine and team talent，The two promote each other to form and maintain the vitality bet365 games school。Zheng Hangsheng in these two aspects，all made outstanding contributions。

In theory，The school of social operation has a consistent main line，That is a reflection on modernity，Including reflective criticism of Western modernity and constructive theoretical interpretation and exploration of the characteristics and path of Chinese modernity。As early as 1986，Zheng Hangsheng proposed that “bet365 games is a comprehensive and concrete social science that studies the conditions and mechanisms for the healthy operation and coordinated development of society”，Around this view，Gradually formed the basic theory of the social operation school - social operation theory。After，This theory continues to develop and improve，Formed the aforementioned basic theory and middle-level theory of localization，And thus formed a sociological theoretical system with Chinese characteristics。

The theoretical contributions of the Social Operations School are multifaceted，In addition to enriching sociological theory、In addition to helping people better understand the characteristics of the times and practice，His contribution to the independent theory and knowledge system of Chinese bet365 games is mainly reflected in the following four aspects。

1st，Established the legal basis for the restoration and reconstruction of Chinese bet365 games。Due to unclear understanding of the relationship between Marxism and bet365 games，The discipline of bet365 games has been abolished in China for 27 years。Hu Qiaomu pointed out in his speech at the symposium on the restoration of the bet365 games discipline in 1979，"Studying historical materialism and studying bet365 games，There cannot be an equal sign in between”，“Denying bet365 games as a science，And use a crude method to ban the development of this science in China、Existence、Teaching” is “totally wrong”。In the early days of sociological restoration and reconstruction, although it was formed that bet365 games should be built into a "Marxist-Leninist" discipline、Mao Zedong Thought as the guide，Closely integrate with China’s reality，bet365 games serving socialist construction”，But on the relationship between bet365 games and Marxism，The problem of "two skins" still exists，No breakthrough in understanding or theory has been achieved。Zheng Hangsheng, with his profound Marxist philosophy and dialectical literacy，Thinking about the relationship between bet365 games and Marxism，And published the article "On Two Forms of Marxist bet365 games" in Guangming Daily on July 29, 1985，Proposed the creative viewpoint that Marxist bet365 games has two forms: revolutionary criticism and construction and maintenance。Zheng Hangsheng analyzed and pointed out，Western bet365 games represented by Comte，Essentially, the purpose is to maintain the capitalist system，Marxist bet365 games is revolutionary and critical of capitalism，Exposing the vicious cycle and abnormal development of capitalist society and their roots；Victory in the proletarian revolution、After establishing the socialist system，Marxist bet365 games is more importantly constructive and protective，For the purpose of promoting the healthy operation and coordinated development of society。Develop, construct and maintain Marxist bet365 games，We must fully learn from the relevant theories and experiences of Western bet365 games in maintenance and construction。After the article is published，Praised by Hu Sheng, then president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Saying that Zheng Hangsheng’s point of view “solved a problem that has not been solved for many years in the field of bet365 games”。Zheng Hangsheng later published an article "New Exploration on the Object of bet365 games" in the 1986 Issue 1 (First Issue) of "Sociological Research"，Also praised by Hu Sheng。Hu Sheng also met with Zheng Hangsheng at home and exchanged views on sociological issues。Zheng Hangsheng’s thoughts on “Two Forms of Marxist bet365 games”，Not only provides a solid theoretical foundation for the legitimacy of the Chinese bet365 games discipline，It also has implications for other socialist countries in the world in dealing with the relationship between bet365 games and Marxism。This thought established Zheng Hangsheng’s status as an outstanding Marxist sociologist，It also established the correct direction for its theoretical system of bet365 games with Chinese characteristics。

Second，Establishing innovative sociological research objects with Chinese characteristics。Zheng Hangsheng on the basis of investigating domestic and foreign sociological research objects，Combining Chinese history and practice，Innovatively proposes that the research object of bet365 games is the regularity of social operation and development，Especially the conditions and mechanisms for the healthy operation and coordinated development of society。This is a summary and summary of social operations in different periods since the founding of New China，It is the inheritance and development of the academic tradition of the rise and fall of chaos and chaos in our country's history，It is also a reference and absorption of the two major traditions of Western bet365 games and Marxist bet365 games。He systematically analyzed the "five major conditions" (including demographic conditions) required for the healthy operation and coordinated development of modern society.、Environmental resource conditions、Economic conditions、Cultural conditions and social psychological conditions)，The transformation effect that has a special impact on the operation of Chinese society and the late development effect of late-developing countries and the "five major mechanisms" (including dynamic mechanisms、Integration mechanism、Incentive mechanism、Control mechanism and guarantee mechanism)。

　Third，clarified the basic issues of bet365 games。Zheng Hangsheng systematically demonstrated that "the relationship between individuals and society" is a basic issue in bet365 games。He thinks，Theoretically，The issue of "the relationship between the individual and society" runs through all levels of bet365 games、Every aspect。First，Define the object of bet365 games or focus on society，Or focus on the individual，The relationship between the two is inseparable；Secondly，Schools of bet365 games are divided based on this issue；Again，Determine the attributes of bet365 games，such as macro bet365 games and micro bet365 games，Also based on this issue；In addition，The main content of bet365 games，Everything is direct、Indirectly includes or reflects the relationship between society and individuals。The relationship between individuals and society is the fundamental clue to the development of bet365 games，Whether it is the history of social thought、History of bet365 games，This is true for sociological theory。He also conducted systematic research on the relationship between individuals and society，Proposed the "social mutual construction theory"。He thinks，The differences between Chinese and Western cultures also determine the different understandings of personal and social relationships between China and the West，China should explore a new type of modernity that is different from Western modernity，And build a new bet365 games based on new modernization，That is, building a bet365 games with Chinese characteristics。

　Fourth，Propose and advocate the theoretical consciousness of Chinese bet365 games。Clearly borderline thinking among Chinese sociologists，The reality of "eating the past but not adapting" and "eating the foreign but not adapting" and having a low sense of autonomy and consciousness in dealing with the relationship between "ancient and modern" and "China and the West" in bet365 games，Zheng Hangsheng proposed the concept and proposition of "theoretical consciousness"，And emphasizes that the conscious action guide or innovative trajectory of Chinese sociological theory is to "base on reality、Development Tradition、Learn from abroad、Create characteristics” (later summarized as “based on reality，Refining reality；Development Tradition，Beyond Tradition；Learn from abroad，Jumping abroad；Correctly summarize the ‘Chinese Concept’，Scientific summary of ‘Chinese experience’”)，Emphasis on the need to properly handle the three pairs of relationships of "reason and reality", "ancient and modern" and "Chinese and Western"，Need to “re-evaluate” Sino-Spanish relations、We need to “reunderstand” the relationship between ancient and modern times、Refining the relationship between theory and practice，And these aspects are called “the basic skills of Chinese bet365 games in the stage of ‘theoretical consciousness’”。Zheng Hangsheng’s “theoretical consciousness” thought and Fei Xiaotong’s “cultural consciousness” thought，has become the most important guiding ideology in Chinese bet365 games，Points out the direction for theoretical and empirical research in bet365 games。

Through the efforts in the above four aspects，Professor Zheng Hangsheng laid the foundation for the development of bet365 games in China and the construction of a sociological knowledge system with Chinese characteristics。

The School of Social Operations also embodies a high degree of theoretical consciousness in cultivating bet365 games professionals，Especially in the following two aspects。

1st，Emphasize that bet365 games majors and talent cultivation must adhere to the correct academic line。The School of Social Operations uses a high degree of "theoretical consciousness" to construct a sociological theory with Chinese characteristics that has both a world perspective and local characteristics，Thereby "contributing to bet365 games with Chinese characteristics，My understanding of the transforming Chinese society has deepened”，And to "promote social progress，Reduce social costs”、Make your own efforts to build a better society。This is the fundamental orientation of the entire academic activities of the School of Social Operations、Basic principles and value pursuit，It is also the basic principle and value pursuit of talent training。

Second，Focus on the construction of academic and talent training platforms。The reason why the school of social operation can continue to flourish，It is inseparable from its focus on cultivating a large number of talents of the school through the construction of academic platforms。Under the chairmanship of Zheng Hangsheng，The bet365 games Department of Renmin University of China has successively established the Institute of bet365 games (1984)、Master's Degree in Sociological Theory and Methods (1985)、Department of bet365 games (1987)、Ph.D. Program in Sociological Theory and Methods (1993)、bet365 games Postdoctoral Mobile Station (1998)、Research Center for Sociological Theory and Methods, Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education (2000)，Having formed a complete talent training platform and system。Under the Center for Sociological Theory and Methods，Established the academic website "Sociological Vision Network" (opened in 2007)，Founded the bet365 games academic journals "Sociological Review" (founded in 2013) and "Social Construction" (founded in 2014)，The "Beijing Zheng Hangsheng Social Development Foundation" was also established (established in 2011)。In addition，Zheng Hangsheng initiated and edited the annual "China Social Development Report of Renmin University of China" in 2003，The "China Social Development High-Level Forum" is held regularly every year，Organized and implemented the "Series of Surveys on the Construction of Harmonious Communities with Chinese Characteristics" and "Field Surveys on the Development of Contemporary Chinese Urban Society"，Take the lead in publishing the "bet365 games Textbook Series for the 21st Century" and "bet365 games Library"，etc.。These platforms of the social operation school，Plays an important role in the dissemination and inheritance of sociological ideas and the cultivation of talents。Through these mechanisms and platforms，The School of Social Operations has cultivated batches of outstanding talents，They are scattered to various teaching and research institutions in the country，And made their respective contributions to the development of school theory。

　　Constructing a sociological knowledge system with bet365 games characteristics

Zheng Hangsheng passed academic research、Textbook compilation、Discipline construction and other forms have promoted the construction of China’s independent knowledge system of bet365 games。

1st，Zheng Hangsheng through his own and his academic team’s innovative research，A series of new concepts proposed、New proposition、New Theory，Enriching the knowledge system of bet365 games，The concepts of "social operation" he proposed have become basic concepts in the field of bet365 games，Translated from academic language into policy language and further into popular language。Another example of new modernity、Reverse Development Dilemma、Class development dilemma、Concepts such as urbanization have become important concepts in academia。What he proposed to “increase social progress、The core concept of the discipline of “reducing social costs”、Chinese bet365 games must improve its “theoretical consciousness” and “academic discourse power”、Chinese bet365 games should carry forward the "spirit of constructive reflection and criticism" and other propositions and propositions that have been accepted by many colleagues in the academic community。

Second，Textbooks are the carrier of knowledge system，Professor Zheng Hangsheng when he first entered bet365 games，Focus on the construction of independent teaching materials，Convert yourself and our country’s academic circles’ new perspectives based on China’s local research into knowledge points，Building a sociological knowledge system with Chinese characteristics。Five editions of "New Edition of Introduction to bet365 games" and "New Edition of Introduction to bet365 games" edited by Zheng Hangsheng，Both take the theory of social operation and social transformation as theoretical perspectives，Reorganized the knowledge points of bet365 games，Formed a new knowledge system，Widely praised by the Chinese sociological community，The teaching material and the teaching results based on the teaching material、The course has won many national awards。"New Introduction to bet365 games" (Fifth Edition) won the first prize of the first National Textbook Award，It is the only textbook that won the first prize in the bet365 games discipline；Zheng Hangsheng, as the chief expert of the Central Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project, presided over the compilation of "Introduction to bet365 games"，Gathering the wisdom of the entire sociological community，Reorganizing the sociological knowledge system using Marxist perspectives，Formed an authoritative sociological knowledge framework and knowledge system。This textbook has become the designated textbook for bet365 games schools across the country，The second edition won the second prize in the first National Textbook Award。In addition，He and Liu Shaojie presided over the preparation of "History of Marxist bet365 games"，Systematic review of the history of Marxist bet365 games、Main categories、Main point，Laid the basic framework of the history of Marxist bet365 games、Basic system and basic knowledge points；Zheng Hangsheng also presided over the compilation of textbooks such as "New History of Chinese bet365 games", "New History of Chinese Social Thought" and "Introduction to Ethnic bet365 games"，Laid the foundation for independent knowledge system in related fields。Among them, "The New History of Chinese bet365 games" and "The New History of Chinese Social Thought" have also been translated into English、Korean、Polish，Expanding the international influence of China’s independent knowledge system。

　Third，Zheng Hangsheng is also an outstanding leader and organizer of bet365 games education and scientific research in my country，He has long served as the chairman of the bet365 games Teaching Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education、President of the Chinese Sociological Society、Leader of the Political Science and bet365 games Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council、Important positions in national academic institutions such as the leader of the bet365 games subject planning and review team of the National Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation，Gathering the strength of the sociological community across the country、Made great contributions to jointly building the independent knowledge system of Chinese bet365 games。Zheng Hangsheng once served as the editorial board member of "Encyclopedia of China·bet365 games" and the chief editor of the "Sociological Theory" section，It took nearly six years，Gather the wisdom of bet365 games，Completed the writing of basic entries on sociological theory，Combined the basic knowledge points of sociological theory，And personally wrote more than ten important entries such as "bet365 games" and "Marxist bet365 games"，Made important contributions to establishing the disciplinary status of Chinese bet365 games；He presided over the establishment of core bet365 games courses and the sorting out of the basic knowledge points of each course，Editor-in-chief "Basic Requirements for Teaching Main Courses in bet365 games Majors"，Established the knowledge points and knowledge system of ten main courses for bet365 games majors，And on this basis，Leading the compilation of teaching materials for ten main courses in bet365 games；Zheng Hangsheng also used the method of "helping the weak and strengthening the strong" and "paving the way and building bridges"，Promote the balanced development of bet365 games disciplines nationwide，Through talent training、Construction of subject points、Cooperative education、Jointly organize academic conferences and other ways，Support the development of bet365 games disciplines in the central and western regions。

Zheng Hangsheng and his school of social operation insist on theoretical consciousness，Constructed a theoretical system of bet365 games with Chinese characteristics，Made important explorations and outstanding contributions to the construction of a sociological knowledge system with Chinese characteristics。Zheng Hangsheng’s sociological theories and thoughts，Research on Chinese modernization in the new era and research on social construction and social governance，And for promoting the construction of independent knowledge system of Chinese bet365 games in the "two combinations"、It still has very important guiding significance in various aspects such as discipline construction and talent training。

　(The author is deputy dean bet365 games School of Society and Population, Renmin University of China、Researcher at the Sociological Theory and Method Research Center of Renmin University of China；Researcher at the Sociological Theory and Method Research Center of Renmin University of China)