Xia Shuzhang，Born on January 20, 1919，Jiangsu Yangzhou Gaoyouer。The main founders of Chinese contemporary public management science，Known as "Father of China MPA", "One of the Promises for Reconstruction of Chinese Political Science in the new period"，In politics、Resume and reconstruction of administrative science，Construction of administrative management of socialism with Chinese characteristics、Leading the construction of contemporary Chinese public management disciplines, played a very important role。

Currently the honorary dean of the School of Political and Public Affairs Management of Sun Yat -sen University、Lifetime professor at Sun Yat -sen University，Honorary President of the Chinese Administrative Society、Honorary Chairman of the International Conference of Public Management、Honorary President of the Association of Guangdong Professor Association。by the Ministry of Personnel、The Ministry of Education rated as a national model teacher, etc.。Former Vice President of Sun Yat -sen University、Vice President of the Chinese Political Society、Vice President of the Chinese Society of Administration and Management、Advisor of the Administrative Law Research Association of the Chinese Law Society、Guest professor at Harvard University Education Research Institute、International Seminar Consultant of the United Nations Civilian System Reform。

Writing、Editor -in -chief of "Administrative Management", "Personnel Management", "Chinese Urban Management", "Hong Kong Administrative Management", "Singapore (Municipal) Political and Administration"、Textbooks about 40 kinds，Published more than 500 articles。I have won the first prize of the National Education Commission Excellent Textbook、The National Science and Technology Award Office "Management Science Special Contribution Award"、Chinese Political Society "Special Contribution Award for the Development of Chinese Political Science"、Chinese Professor Association Old Professor "Science and Education Prize Award"、Fudan Management Studies Lifetime Achievement Award and the "EROPA)" Excellent Contribution Award "、American Public Management Association (ASPA) "International Public Management Outstanding Contribution Award" and other domestic and foreign awards。

In the years of over a century，Professor Xia Shuzhang not only witnessed the changes in the times since modern times of China，and embarked on the road of academic reporting to the country in the twists and turns。He adheres to the life aspiration of "going to the country of medicine"，In the era of war, he firmly chose administrative science as a study direction，and go to the other side of the ocean to study，become the first Chinese to get a degree from MPA (Master of Public Management)。After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War，He resolutely give up the opportunity for training，Enshered home to build New China，and become Chinese political science in the new era、Important participants for the restoration and reconstruction of administrative science，For the Construction of Contemporary Chinese Public Management Discipline、Talent training has played the foundation、Leading merit。In order to fully present the academic process of Professor Xia Shuzhang、Academic contribution and academic spirit，Reporter interviewed Xia Shuzhang in Guangzhou in the fall of 2023，and write this report in combination with written interviews，I hope to show readers to show the "living academic history" of public management in China。

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"China Social Sciences": You were born on the eve of the May 4th，This seems to be destined to be closely linked with the fate of the national nation.。How did you embark on the road of administrative research?

Xiashu Chapter:I am a normal family from an old society。The father named the four brothers named the book、Book Chapter、Book Hua、Book Country，According to the "ritual heir hand far away、Poetry Books Sui -Lord "these two sentences passed down from the ancient training。I'm 105 years old，There is still some memory，Of course I don’t necessarily remember。But when I think of the situation in China when I was young, I still remember it。At that time，Is a poor two white、A plate of loose sand，The entire country is not united，Local forces in each place，Hold by the warlord。So，West calls China as "East Asian Disease"。Today，I see China stronger，It's really older and happier。China's strength is not in which aspect，but comprehensive，It is a strong strength of comprehensive strength。

My high school is studying in the county seat，The whole town is me。At that time, my first graduation was the first place，Teachers from the city think it is a pity not to be promoted，Only attracts the attention of parents，Send me into the city。At first, I went to the Fifth Primary School in Gaoyou County，But because it is inconvenient，After transferring to the county No. 1 Primary School to become a accommodation student。A small predecessor is the academy，So the entire campus is used as "Type the City"，Select "Mayor" among senior students to conduct spare campus management，If traffic order、Clean hygiene、Civilized politeness and other aspects。I have been selected as "Mayor"，I did it for a while like that。I am interested in the "Municipal Studies" course when I study undergraduate and graduate in college，It may also be related to this experience。"Municipal" is urban management，It is an important part of state management。

After graduating from high school，I decided to go to Shanghai’s unified examination area to go to college。This is the first time I have arrived in Shanghai，It is also an adventure。I and my classmates and I pretend to be farmers，From the Xinghua Ship to the Yangtze River。Registration volunteer regulations can fill in three，The first volunteer I filled in is the "National Central University" (later renamed Nanjing University) Department of Political Science, which has moved to Chongqing，The second volunteer is the Department of Political Science, the National Southwest United University of Kunming，The third volunteer is the Department of Management of Shanghai Jiaotong University。Teachers and classmates feel strange when they know，Because the most popular at that time was the science and engineering，Especially engineering，The Department of Economics is also very fashionable，And my science and science science grades are very good，Why should you report to politics or management? For engineering，I can’t afford to use it、Calculating ruler with a expensive price。But the real reason，It is also a long -term idea，is to "go to the medical country，Next doctor "The impression of the ancient saying is too deep。Enemy invasion，In the final analysis, the country has no management and defense，Thinking that learning politics can govern the country，The idea is very simple and innocent。Deep in my heart，Always hope that the country can develop early。My wife Wang Shujun，It is also a political science that is the main choice，The reason is also naive that they can strive to achieve equality between men and women and women's liberation。Because the volunteer is the same，We will from the same class、Colleagues become a lifelong partner。

Although I have been accepted by "National Central University"，But how to enter the school is still a big problem。I left Shanghai at that time to go to Chongqing，Facing a very difficult journey。I accompany my classmates with my classmates，Determine to break，It is indeed the energy of "the newborn calf is not afraid of the tiger"。At that time, the Department of Political Science was divided into three groups，The theoretical historical group、International Foreign Affairs Group and Administrative Team。I chose the administrative group，First, believe in the idea of ​​"going to the country of medicine"，Don’t believe "short politics"，It is known that "weak countries without diplomatic" and "diplomacy is the extension of the internal affairs"，Want to truly do a good job in governing the country; the second is to learn that the director of the department is also a study after graduating from Tsinghua University.，Topics selection is administrative science，I also move my thoughts in this area。

　　"China Social Sciences": You later went to Harvard University in the United States to continue studying for a master's degree in administrative management，and become the first Chinese to get a MPA degree。Can I share this experience with readers?

Xiashu Chapter:I departed from Mumbai, India to the United States，It must pass through Sydney and Melbourne in Australia，Arrive in Boston, the United States through the Panama Canal。Looking back，To India is the first time I have gone abroad，The road is more shocking than the road from Shanghai to Chongqing。On the way to fly over the "hump"，Need to absorb oxygen without saying，Look at the window，Those crashing aircraft wreckage is vivid，indicates that danger may occur at any time。

After arriving at Boston，I originally planned to go straight to Chicago，Because my destination is the University of Chicago。But Harvard University is Kangqiao near Boston，I was particularly interested in the then Lithotic Academy of Administration。I express my desire to the person in charge of the hospital，Show the letter of consent from the University of Chicago。I really didn't expect it at all，The hospital did not say nothing，immediately nodded and agreed，Goander normal admission procedures。

Graduate in Harvard，Let me get a lot of benefits。For Applied Discipline，The school attaches great importance to learning to use it for。During the study period，I have been arranged in the Massachusetts Government Internship。The state government welcomes Harvard graduate students to internship，Organized office desk，You can listen to various meetings and have someone responsible for contact。Speaking of it，The city manager of Kangqiao City as an on -the -job graduate student with me，He knows that I am interested in city management，Invite me to visit and visit，Give me the opportunity to learn a lot about society、Public Security、Management of traffic。

　　The foundation laid the foundation of contemporary Chinese public management science

"China Social Sciences": After obtaining a master's degree in administrative management in Harvard，Why did I give up and continue their studies，Chose to return to China to engage in administrative teaching and research?

Xiashu Chapter:When Japan announces an unconditional surrender，I am in the United States。From the "September 18th" Incident in 1931，14 years of the Anti -Japanese War achieved the final victory，Of course I am very happy。At that time, there were only four characters in my heart "better than returning"! In order to prepare both hands，I submitted an application for reading and received approval。But the mind of "better" has been increasing，So go to San Francisco City, California on the West Coast to wait for a boat。Welling in San Francisco is really not a taste。There are not many sea wheels that are officially operated，If you want to go early、Hurry up and go，Must find another way。At that time，There is a "free wheel" that temporarily controlled during the war，is a transport ship instead of passenger ship，Allows to accept a few passengers who need to hurry and do not care about the comfort conditions。I am a person who has not been afraid of suffering from a young age，So happy to make this choice。

We 1947、This batch of old "returnees" returned in 1948 is mainly for the construction of the new China。We don’t know that after the victory of the Anti -Japanese War, the Kuomintang set off a civil war，Do not know the basic situation and development trend in China，but clearly、Ming Ming Bai，It was the eve of the founding of New China at that time!

After returning from the United States to Shanghai，My teacher when I was studying at the "National Central University" was the dean of Jiangsu College at the time，I learned about my return to China，Send a letter to hire me as an associate professor in the hospital。My Department is the Department of Political Science，A three -course course was opened，That is administrative science、Municipalology and Management。But Jiangsu College is the only college in Xuzhou，There is no academic seminar activity，Phenomenon of people's minds is public。

After receiving the formal employment book from Sun Yat -sen University to hire me as a professor，I am glad to apply。At that time, the Law School of Sun Yat -sen University had a common law、Political Science、Four departments of economics and sociology。Three courses I taught at Sun Yat -sen University，That is administrative science、Municipalology and Administrative Law，All have a close relationship with the current situation of the city。My class is not just about talking in the classroom、Write on the blackboard，Especially municipalology，I often take students to the streets in the city、On -site inspection。I found that the appearance of Guangzhou before the founding of New China was not commensurate，Urban construction can not say what planned。Not long after the founding of New China，I received a letter of employment signed by the people's government of Guangzhou City by Mayor Ye Jianying，I hired me with a professor at the Department of Construction Engineering, Sun Yat -sen University as a member of the newly established urban planning committee。This also enables us to see the differences in the work of fresh and old cities。

　　"China Social Sciences": In 1952，Political Science majors are canceled。How do you adhere to academic ideals in this environment?

Xiashu Chapter:The change is really too big，National College Adjustment "，The change is really too big。The Department of Political Science, the Sun Yat -sen University where I am located in the adjustment of the department from the academic department，In 1960, the Department of Political Science in the Department of Philosophy of the Department of Philosophy is from scratch，But "short life" is only one year，There is no disease and end。Later, the preparatory group of the Department of Political Science was established，It will be revoked soon。Just settle here、In the process of suddenly falling，Until 1988, I finally settled，Establishment of Department of Political Science and Administration。

After the suspension of politics，I still work in the Department of Philosophy。Only philosophy in the department，I plan to set up a aesthetics、Ethics、Logic Teaching and Research Room，I decided to prepare for the opening of ethics courses。Because ethical and moral issues also occupy a very important position in political science and administration，Cultivation of talents and talents，Governing the country according to law must also be governed by virtue。1963，The school adjusts me as the associate education chief，So I left the Department of Philosophy。Starting a bit of a little habit，But I learn、The major of the research is administrative management，Practical opportunities are justified to use，Good theoretical contact Actual。Remember very interesting is，Participate in the teaching work conference of national colleges and universities，Fill in the registration form as usual。As a representative of a key university, I only filled out the professor，There is no job of filling the side of the sideline。Another representative of an ordinary college is the chief of the associate campus、Lecturer，Only filled with the chief of the associate education，No lecturer。The result is when arranging accommodation，I was assigned to live in Sanpu，The lecturer lived in a single room。

　　"China Social Sciences": January 29, 1982，You published the article "It's time to mention the research of administrative science on the schedule" in "People's Daily"。This milestone article，It plays a very important role in promoting the restoration and reconstruction of Chinese public administration。What is the writing background of this article?

Xiashu Chapter:The most important thing is to respond to the call of Comrade Deng Xiaoping，Because there is political science in "Hurrying to make up lessons"。May 12, 1980，I attended the preparatory meeting of the Chinese Political Society in Beijing，A total of 10 people with other teachers in the meeting，Relevant leaders of the Central Committee of the Book，It is recommended to set up the Department of Political Science in the six comprehensive universities。The full text of the book above was published in "Political Science Research Newsletter", August 30, 1980, Issue 1。At the end of 1980，The Chinese Political Society has been formally established，The Department of Political Science is actively preparing。Here is the first two courses involved in political science and administrative science，Political Science is not waiting for，Administrative science is more strange，Therefore, it is necessary to call loudly to attract attention。Especially I just taught back from the United States，I also understand some new development in this regard，So emphasized administrative research。

April 1982，The recently established Chinese Political Society entrusted Fudan University to hold a national short training course in Shanghai。I am invited to Shanghai to lecture on political science、Administrative Topics。Dozens of students participating in this short training class，Later, they all became the backbone of these two disciplines。In this class，Gradually put the matter of the preparation of administrative management society and the magazine running administrative management magazines on the agenda。August 1984，General Office of the State Council、The Ministry of Labor Department held an administrative seminar in Jilin City，I put forward suggestions from the establishment of a national academic society at the meeting。After the meeting，I was appointed Deputy Leadership of the Preparatory Team of the Chinese Administrative Management Society。When preparations for the Chinese Administrative Society，I just started to work in the Personnel Department，At the official establishment of 1988, it was at the General Office of the State Council，This also reflects the country’s attention to this discipline。bet365 live casino games After coming all the way to develop quickly，until the establishment of a country at all levels at all levels，Carry out the national government system training。

　　"China Social Sciences":，From administrative management to public management，How do you understand the subject nature and positioning of public management?

Xiashu Chapter:Although the West has the division of political science and administration earlier，But the word "politics" in Chinese，It has clearly expressed the politics to see it，The problem of Hezheng as soon as possible，Two melted in one，Unlike inseparable。According to the explanation of Chinese characters，"Politician is also"。Positive，Look at administration，Political Tongren He、Guotai Min'an，Without a good administration, it is impossible to do at all。Of course，As an emerging discipline of a self -made system，Administrative Management or Public Management is introduced from abroad。This is a question of how to implement the "use of the ocean"。

As for the nature of the subject，The question is not named，During the substantive content。English subject name "Public Administration" basically not changed，But because it was founded in government administration，Therefore, it is translated as administrative or administrative science; later expanded the connotation，and non -governmental organization activities，It is advisable to translate it as public management。China introduced MPA, a master's degree in public management，The Degree Office of the State Council will designate public management as a first -level discipline，Administrative management science as one of the second -level disciplines，Specialized for government management。For translation of the public management into "public management"，The understanding and approach of translating the Public Administration into "public administration" should be cautious，To see the two coexistence rather than alternative。

Whether it is administrative management or public management，The nature lies in applications，This is related to the history of its generation and development。Public Administration and another discipline, that is, industrial and commercial administration, appeared one after another，The first thing that appears appears is industrial and commercial administration。Because in the early stages of capitalism，Fierce competition in the industrial and commercial community，Okay, whether it is well -managed, it is important。The United States started to study，Early early business management disciplines。At the same time，The American business community has noticed that except for its own management，If the government's work efficiency is very low，Can't complete the relevant procedures in time，Industrial and commercial management must be affected。So someone issued an appeal，High attention in the political academic community，The saying of "two points" of politics and administration，It is necessary to build a new discipline of public management，To better cooperate with economic development。

　　"China Social Sciences": The setting of a master's degree in public management also reflects the application of public management disciplines。From 1998, you have called for the establishment of a master's degree in public management，By 1999 The Degree Committee of the State Council reviewed and approved the "Master of Public Management (MPA) Professional Setting Plan"，MPA education has become quite popular in China，It has produced a wide and profound social impact。As the father of MPA in China，Can you tell me the background and course founded by China MPA。

Xiashu Chapter:Master of Business Administration (MBA, Master of Business Administration) and Master of Public Management (MPA,Master of Public Administration)，It is recognized as a more effective degree by internationally。In the early stages of reform and opening up，Because of economic construction as the center，Domestic factory director、Manager, etc. need to understand international situation，MBA was introduced first。Later, because China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO)，Government work seems important，Introduction MPA is put on the agenda。

Suggestions on the introduction and setting up a master's degree in public management began in 1998。Before the introduction，We act carefully。My suggestion is included in "Degree and Graduate Education", No. 4, 1998，Then published the article "Research on the" Government and Public Management "research"。Next，The "Public Management Master of Degree Dis -Donestion Disclosure" initiated by 6 colleges and universities has been in Beijing、Shanghai、Xiamen Bet365 lotto review and Guangzhou are held，I all participated。Finally thought it is feasible，Approved by superiors，Admissions at 24 universities in the graduate school，Later, it soon developed to more than a hundred places。It is different from ordinary degrees in，requirements for actual work experience for teachers and students，Pay more attention to learning for use。We have millions of civil servants、2030 million public management personnel，MPA still has a lot of room for development。But with some officials as "stepping stones" or "knocking the stepping" for some officials，Attention should be attracted。

　　Construction of public management of socialism with Chinese characteristics

"China Social Sciences": You have repeatedly emphasized the construction of socialist politics with Chinese characteristics、Public Management of Socialist Socialism with Chinese characteristics，Indicates that I want to be a veteran who shouted for socialism with Chinese characteristics。How do you understand "Chinese characteristics"?

Xiashu Chapter:Public management science is an applied discipline。In the applied social science，Allow everything abroad，Not only will not succeed，It will also bring side effects，Even reaction。This is because all countries have their own different situations and characteristics，Different social systems can not copy photos，Even if it is a country of the socialist system，Can't just be a mode。The attitude of science should be based on the actual situation and their own characteristics，Ancient Tongwei、Director taken，Director taken、Make up the short，Create a discipline suitable for your own national conditions。

Learning administrative science，First of all, how to make administrative management work meet the needs of the modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics。Social science as socialism with Chinese characteristics，I think the most important "backbone" should be to serve the people wholeheartedly，Services for the people。This is not only implemented，reflected in theory and practice，And remind everyone at any time。Actually，Management is service，Public management is public service。Therefore，Construction of the administrative management of socialism with Chinese characteristics can be summarized into two sentences: "Construction and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics，Beard Qinzheng、Integrity; serving the people for the people and being a public servant，Dedication、Le Industry。”

Now talking about Chinese -style modernization，This modernization is with Chinese characteristics。When I taught at Harvard University in the early 1980s，What impressed me is obviously obviously obviously obvious，Reflects students' strong interest in China, especially New China。Remember when it comes to the "four modernizations" in China，The audience did not take it seriously at first。But I heard that China's modernization is different from the United States、Japan、Modernization of the Soviet Union，The atmosphere changed immediately。This is the role of "Chinese characteristics"，It is attractive。

Speaking of this，Can't think of "Xi Jinping Talking about the Governance of the Country Governance" in the world's popularity。Everyone sees China's peaceful rise，Always want to know what the reason is，I realized that it should be the governance，So I am particularly interested。This is very natural，It is also inevitable。

　"China Social Sciences": You are not only the "living textbook" of Chinese public management science，Your research process is also a microcosm of China's public management practice and change。Discussion on institutional reform in the 1980s、Call for the introduction of MPA teaching mode，By the 1990s, surrounding government functions transformation、Study in administration according to law，So that since the 21st century, service -oriented government、Innovative country、Follow the cooperation governance，both closely linked to the most important practical propositions in China at that time，It also shows a fairly open international vision。How do you adhere to both Chinese characteristics，also has an international vision，Even global care?

Xiashu Chapter:Learning can not close the door to make a car，The common existence of public management，It can be said that it has been exactly since ancient times，It is very good today。The more it is civilization、developed countries or regions，Public management, the more valued，The higher the level。Of course，countries、Different situations in various places，The status quo is not exactly the same。But comparison and reference，Budging from successful、Beneficial experience。Reference、It is necessary to learn from it，Not only can I go less、Do not take a detour，And can often have post -hair advantages。This is exactly that we both advocate adherence to Chinese characteristics，One of the reasons for adhering to international standards。

Each can also be compared with my own past，To sum up experience lessons，Continue to move forward。Cultural self -confidence is very important，Not only must we use it for the middle，It must be used in ancient times。For example，"Sun Tzu's Art of War" is one of the classic masterpieces in China，Not only must you read the military world，Management academia also attaches great importance to。Japan has the requirements of the industrial and commercial management community to learn three books in China，1 is "Sun Tzu's Art of War"，The second is "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"，Third is "Journey to the West"。These can also be attributed to the "Chinese characteristics" category，But now we have less learned from the ancestors。You have to know your baby yourself，I must take me as the main，Mainly current needs。

　　"China Social Sciences": You still opened a column of "Xia Lao Man Talking" in "Chinese Administration" at 90 years of age，Domain involving social hotspots、Specific administrative issues and modern administrative concepts。How do you maintain such a strong brainpower? What are the expectations for younger scholars?

Xiashu Chapter:Look from my experience，Really engaging in professional work is from the age of 60。The so -called "longevity gene"，At least I am afraid it is difficult to get rid of it。Because I haven't seen my grandfather and uncle，My father died in his 30s。My wife once wrote a Xia's simple health method，There are four sentences: "Diet has a degree、Order of work and rest、Interesting life、Digest in my heart。"" It is more difficult to "count in your heart"，Only with age，The accumulation of knowledge and experience can gradually deepen the experience。If you can see some things or break it，Maybe it helps not to be damaged and optimistic emotions。Speaking of simpler to say，I can eat、Can sleep、Energy、I can think、Can see、Can listen to、Can write、Can talk，The age is old，Slow action，Hearing、Just visual poor。It is said that，There are many benefits of handwriting text。Really，I can also benefit from writing。

Public Management Science is an applied discipline。The essence of administration lies in "line"，To be down -to -earth，Combined with actual。There must be an international vision，Can't retreat to self -defense、Make a car closed at the closed door，At the same time, we must absorb more traditional wisdom。There must be a concept of cooperation。Academic institutions must be with the government、Cooperation of industrial institutions，Thoughtful to learn what you have learned。The people of the country are under the guidance of Xi Jinping's new era of socialist thought with Chinese characteristics，Work together、Fighting forward，A positive contribution to the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。Public Management Science as a science of governing the country，Today is great!

　[The title of this article is quoted from Professor Xia Shuzhang Mrs. Wang Shujun, He Xia Lao Ninety Laoshi, the first two sentences written by the Tibetan poem，Title of this is not only to educate Xia Lao's life、Summary of academic reporting to the country，It is also a commemorative and tribute to the love of the two。]