Cultural Psychological Studies Digesting，There are obvious psychological differences in Orientals and Westerners。Westerners tend to individualism，Like analytical thinking，and Orientals show obvious collectivist characteristics and overall thinking tendency。Scholars from different disciplines from philosophical thinking、Social System、Geographical Environment and other angles try theoretical interpretation of the psychological differences of Eastern and Western cultures。Where，The theory of survival method is believed，The way to survive is an important reason for the differences in the cultural differences of the East and the West，Oriental takes farming as the main way to survive，and the West uses animal husbandry as the main means to obtain survival information。Farming activities are characterized by collective and settlement，Forms Oriental's collectivist culture and leaning society orientation，Then it shows the characteristics of the overall thinking mode; animal husbandry activities are characterized by personal and liquidity，Forms Western individual culture and independent society orientation，Then show the features of analytical thinking methods。

Thomas Talhelm (Thomas Talhelm) and others published in the papers in "Science" in 2014, "Rice Theory"，Questions about the theoretical views of the two different survival methods of animal husbandry and agriculture mentioned above。They think，The main ecological foundation of cultural and psychological bet365 best casino games differences between East and West is not the difference between agriculture and animal husbandry，but the difference between rice planting and wheat planting。The cultivation method of rice and wheat has different characteristics，These two different survival methods need to match the psychological characteristics and social structure that matches them to develop smoothly。Compared with planting wheat，There are two major characteristics of rice planting: First, a large amount of labor，The labor required for the labor is about twice the planting wheat; the second is to build a more complicated irrigation system。To deal with the lack of labor for one family，Need to exchange labor frequently to help each other，Construction of the irrigation system、Use and maintain，Need more closely、Effective interpersonal collaboration can be completed。In short，Compared to planting wheat，Planting rice requires more interpersonal cooperation and avoid conflict，Therefore, a stronger relationship bond is formed，It produced a more obvious collectivist culture，This has caused a series of psychological differences in East and West Culture。

"Rice theory" expands the basic point of view of the theory of survival method，Not only does it provide a new point of view for understanding the psychological differences of different cultures around the world，It is also a new idea to examine cultural and psychological differences in different regions of my country。"Rice theory" has been proposed，It has a widespread impact，It also attracted some researchers' question。Current，Controversy about "rice theory"，It is mainly concentrated in two aspects: bet365 live casino games Empirical inspection and theoretical advancement。

bet365 live casino games Empirical inspection and repeated verification of "rice theory"。Tolham and their collaborators conducted a series of empirical inspections on the "rice theory"，Their research results support the basic assumptions of "rice theory"。For example，Compared with the wheat area，Culture in the rice area is more inclined to collectivism，People’s way of thinking is more inclined to overall thinking，More loyal to close friends or have a more obvious skirt relationship，Divorce rate is lower。Any scientific theory requires strict repeated verification。So，System testing of "rice theory" using different research methods is a very necessary job。Ruan Jianqing and others conducted repeated test data of Tolham and others，It is found that there is a sample deviation in this study、Measurement error、Model setting error and other problems，The analysis results after the above problems are modified by different methods no longer support "rice theory"。Liang Supei uses concept classification、Concept table、A variety of cognitive assignments such as behavioral attribution and belief deviation effects.，As a result, I found，Wheat areas and rice district college students have not showed a consistent difference mode in a variety of thinking methods; compared with the wheat district college students，College students in the rice area do not show a more obvious overall thinking tendency。Peng Yangxia adopts a psychological scale、Various methods such as behavioral test tests and internal hidden couplets compares the way of thinking in the Chinese rice area and the wheat area crowd，Results indicate，Chinese people tend to use overall thinking in their thinking Bet365 app download methods，There are no differences in the way of thinking in the rice area and wheat area。An Jing and others used eye movement technology to analyze the eye movement indicators of different planting areas in the scene of the scene，The research results do not support the hypothesis of "rice theory"，That is, the trial of the rice area will pay more attention to the background when perception。Skycommunications，Empirical support evidence of "rice theory" mainly comes from empirical inspection research by Tolham and its collaborators，Repeated verification research results of existing independent researchers do not support this theory。

In terms of theoretical entry，Some researchers have questioned the basic assumptions of "rice theory" from different angles，Especially for two different survival methods based on rice and wheat planting, the theory of thinking in different planting areas in China is introduced.，Make a different point of view。Wang Fengyan thinks，Use "rice theory" to explain two contradictions when the Chinese prefer overall thinking: First, most Chinese before the Southern Song Dynasty lived in wheat area for a long time，But their way of thinking is mainly overall thinking，I have almost no analysis of thinking，and the overall thinking until late to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it has been hot; the second is that there is no enough reliable evidence to prove that northern China, which grows wheat, looks more like Western，Northerners are good at overall thinking。These two contradictions prove that "rice theory" is not explained。Zhang Jijia and others think，"Rice theory" proposed person does not know much about the history of Chinese crops and the history Bet365 app download of immigration，Ignoring the historical and cultural changes of north -south people in China，This makes the "rice theory" show obvious deficiency when explaining the cultural differences in North and South China。

To sum up，The basic assumptions of "rice theory" exist in many disputes，The existing bet365 live casino games Empirical inspection results contradict each other，Support evidence is not enough。Future research needs to be expanded from the following two levels。

The first level is the comparative study of psychological differences in the crowd of rice and wheat planting areas，The purpose is to determine whether there are reliable in different planting areas、The psychological difference mode of the system。In order to conduct a more effective systemic test in order to "rice theory"，It can be considered to improve the research design from several aspects: First, the subject of the subject，extraction of groups other than college students，Such as elementary and middle school students、Farmers, etc.，to improve the external validity of research; the second is to choose rice and wheat planting areas around the world，Collect all kinds of related data in the planting area，Evaluate group psychological differences in different planting areas，and provide possible theoretical interpretations; the third is to improve test tasks and measurement methods，Improve the credibility and validity of measurement; fourth, based on the conceptual framework of collectivism/individualism，From the way of thinking、skirt relationship、Self -concept and other aspects of "rice theory" systematically repeat test。

The second level is the explanation problem of exploring the mode of cultural and psychological differences in different regions。Even if there are stability between people in different planting Bet365 lotto review areas、Consistent psychological difference mode，The cause of the formation is also very complicated。Researchers put forward different theoretical interpretations from different disciplines and theoretical perspectives。For example，Ma Xinran and others used the "Loyalty/Nepotism" indigo cultural task to compare the collectivism of north and south of China，The rice and wheat areas of the north, south, and Tolham and others of this study are roughly equivalent。Results indicate，Compared with northerners，Southerners treat friends more tolerant、Great，Show higher collectivism。But they think，This difference is mainly the result of the constant movement of the Confucian cultural center in history。Chen (Kenneth S.Chan) et al.，Think of North and South China (especially the north and south areas of the Yangtze River Basin，This is the reconstruction of the genetic diversity of the genetic diversity with most parts of the Chinese rice and wheat planting areas) is an effective explanation factor for the psychological differences between the cultural psychology of the North and the South。Gong Weigang and others' studies believe that，The level of family culture development is an important factor to explain the differences of collectivism/individualist cultural differences in different regions of China。So，The causes of cultural and psychological differences in different areas are more complicated，It may be the result of the common effect of multiple factors。Future research should be compared from the perspective of multidisciplinary theoretical perspectives on the cultural and psychological differences between regional cultural psychology，Clarify the unique contribution of different factors and its possible interaction。

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(Author Unit: Department of Psychology at the School of Education and Science, Liaocheng University)