Current，Slow economic growth in the world、Climate deterioration、Ecological destruction and other challenges。How to promote better、Measure and evaluate economic growth? In addition to economic growth, what are the aspects of growth?。

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Organization Organization in September 2020 released the report "Beyond Growth: Turn to a New Economic Path"，The world is facing the environment、Economy、Urgent challenges related to social and political systems，But the use of tools using the 20th century cannot deal with these challenges，We need to re -think the economy's role in improving human welfare and earth ecology。Report calls for economic growth as a social goal (including enhancing environmental sustainability、Reduce inequality、Promoting Welfare、Improving toughness) means，instead of purpose itself。This requires people to update the theory of reference for economic decision -making、Tools and methods。The European Environment Agency published a policy briefing in January 2021 "No economic growth growth".，Economic growth and production、Consumption、Increased correlation of resource use，and have a certain adverse effect on the natural environment and human health。Therefore，countries need to properly handle the relationship between economic growth and global sustainable development。

In this context，The Humanities and Science Research Center of the University of Bergen, Norway, Zora Kovacic (Zora Kovacic)、Professor Roger Strand、Visit Professor Silvio Oscar Funtowicz bet365 live casino games and the European Environment Agency Comprehensive Evaluation and Knowledge Development Project Researcher Lorenzo Benini、Ana Jesus proposed，The focus of future growth in Europe should be transferred from quantity to quality。What people need to think about is not only the growth itself，Also observation、Classification、Evaluation、How to manage social development。The epidemic of new crown pneumonia caused the economy for a long time、Serious negative effects，and this impact is still continuing。At the same time，The European political system encountered a crisis of trust -Britain withdrew from the European Union，Anti -democratic political forces holding European skepticism spread in other European countries。In parallel with these trends, there is a deterioration of wealth inequality after the 2008 financial crisis，Environmental pressure is increasing daily，Such as extreme climatic problems、Environmental pollution、Loss of biological diversity, etc.。

Difficulties in all aspects of the basic goal of modern capitalist democracy -the continuous economic growth constitutes a threat。The British "Brexit" and Europe's suspicionism indicate，Using economic growth as a countermeasure to deal with political dissatisfaction is increasingly unreliable，and the concept of green economic growth although political attraction，But it is difficult to achieve。From the perspective of Kovacic and others，If growth and improvement can be a non -economic、Intangible，A turnaround will appear。In terms of individuals，The assumption of "economic man" has been widely regarded as a huge twist of human thinking and behavior patterns，But many economists and policy makers have the definition of growth based on this。

Kovacic and others talk Bet365 app download about，Europe should return to Europe's humanistic tradition，The quality of life focused on the material level。European Enlightenment has an important influence in history，But we cannot romantic Europe's present or past。

　　Promoting institutional change and adaptability governance

People not only need new growth concepts，It is also necessary to reform the system of supporting the concept of old growth。If progress cannot be quantified，So how to accountability? If "growth" contains personal experience、Thinking of local areas、Forming knowledge form，So how do you understand "experts" and "scientifically tell the truth about power"?

From the perspective of Kovacic and others，The European Green New Deal issued by the EU Commission in December 2019, although emphasized the circular economy，But its applicability is limited。The concept of "economic growth itself must be the core of the EU's future vision" should be critical。The new concept will be accepted and supported if it adapts to its institutional background，It will be attracted by policy makers and citizens as "concepts that can be put into action"。Therefore，We need not only the new concept，There are also specific institutional changes that follow。

The prospect of abandoning the theory of economic growth attracts some European public and institutions，For example, the European Environment Network，It consists of more than 170 private environmental protection organizations in all EU member states and other European countries; representatives of the European Commission and the European Parliament also participated in the discussion on alternative growth prospects，This was unimaginable a few years ago。Kovacic and others advocated not to replace GDP growth goals with some kind of happiness or utility target，Instead bet365 best casino games of deeper changes: Let the government run the role of quantitative growth target，Single as a quality guarantor in the process of establishing a well -being of economic growth。If you want to find a bold but actual economic growth alternative path，People need to develop a variety of emerging perspectives，and ensure that the new subject is actively involved。

Kovacic and others proposed，A variety of opinions in open dialogue、Value controversy or even conflict。Climate change、Financial crisis、Brexit "Brexit"、​​The epidemic of new crown pneumonia makes people realize，Forecasts based on special skills and evidence of technical governance — the limitations of controlling governance model，Therefore, adaptability governance is put on the agenda。This concept has been introduced into the European Union's discussion and it is popular，But it is still difficult to define and understand at the actual level。

According to Australian philosopher economist Steve Hatfield Dodds、Research by Blav C. Chaffin, deputy professor of water resources policy and governance of the University of Mongolian University in the United States，Adaptability treatment is a new concept that emerged in the 21st century。It focuses on the changes in the management and use of shared assets in formal and informal institutions，The efficiency and accessibility of institutional arrangements。Adaptability governance absorbs institutional theory、Political Economics、Resource and environmental economics、Experimental Economics、evolution game theory、Organizational Theory、Ecological、System Theory、Thoughts of multiple research fields such as complex system science，It can help people understand and respond to different types of market failures Bet365 app download and system failures，And these failures may hinder the formulation and implementation of policies aimed at improving well -being。

Kovacic told this reporter，Specifically，The concept of adaptability governance comes from public resource governance and tough research。It emphasizes the complexity and uncertainty of the inherent complexity and uncertainty of the ecosystem，instead of relying on reducing complexity and uncertainty to make decisions。When the future cannot predict and control，Adaptability governance can be used as a system control tool。The innovation of adaptability governance is to adopt a circular path: policy and decision may be repeatedly modified after the generation，instead of one -time forever。In this duplicate process，Systems and governance mechanisms in interaction、The relationship between changes adapts to each other，The most important of which is after the need and obtain the public consent，Modify the plan in time。Inside the EU institution，Adaptive governance is usually when the risk cannot be expected，Post -replenishment measures for risk management，This makes it a technical governance method instead of thinking about the process。In some cases，Adaptive governance is also used to promote more open governance forms through experiments。

　　Think about growth from more angle

Kovacic and others said，Everyone has the economy、Ecological、Culture、Finding the needs of hope in political development。If you only look at these hope from the material level，The prospect of limited economic growth is difficult to be accepted by people。If "Liberation" Hope、Pursue other aspects of growth in the same way，Science and creativity will contribute many useful suggestions。For example，Art can be used as an alternative bet365 live casino games path and powerful means to imagine economic growth。Art can mobilize people's emotions and cognition，Modern splitting between solving subjective expression and objective observation。Multi -aspects of knowledge and actions help create imagination、Experiment、The space required for cooperation。Many meaningful experiences cannot be monetized or quantified，The addiction to GDP growth seems to have made public policies bias。The challenge of the contemporary world is to inject new insights and kinetic energy into public discussion and meaningful changes。

Thinking beyond economics and even surpassing disciplines helps thinking beyond growth，Intellectual form outside the professional or discipline framework is equally valuable。For example，Ecuador and Bolivia government have used the "good life" concept of the South American Aboriginal Kuya as a national initiative。"Good Life" advocates adopting the collective knowledge and lifestyle passed down from the ancestors，Seeking a balance between respecting nature and meeting human needs，instead of economic growth，The final realization of the community、Home、Nature and the harmony between the world。To update the concept of growth and progress and economic policy，Especially considering the diversification of the world，The wishes of different people may be significantly different but they are reasonable。

Kovacic emphasized，Progress should not be defined by experts。Experts can contribute economic theory，But you still need to have a wider conversation with society。The "Expansion Payon Review" that has emerged in the scientific community in recent years reflects the expansion of knowledge production to the local community、Public、The needs of non -academic personnel and Bet365 lotto review other groups in the industry。This method can help people get practical knowledge that had not been standardized in the discipline structure、Local knowledge、Traditional knowledge and other kinds of knowledge。