According to the official website of the University of Pennsylvania on June 7，Taylor Kessinger, a postdoctoral researcher and professor Joshua B in the Department of Biology of the school. Plotkin）、Corina E, Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, USA. Tarnita) in a new study, "The Evolution of Norms Used to Judge bet365 sportsbook review Behavior," recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，Discusses the impact of bet365 sportsbook review context and multilayered societies on promoting cooperative behavior。reported，By analyzing the factors that influence the formation of common bet365 sportsbook review norms，This research is to further understand community-based bet365 sportsbook review norms and sociology、Relevant research in psychology and economics provides valuable insights。

Cooperation is one of the guiding principles of human daily life，Society benefits from behavioral norms: people who maintain a good bet365 sportsbook review image will receive cooperation from others。However，This mechanism of extensive cooperation requires a society to follow common principles to judge bet365 sportsbook review behavior。Kersinger et al. developed evolutionary game theory and established mathematical models，Simulating the dynamics of reputation-based cooperation in group-structured populations。

Kersinger said，About Darwin’s “Altruism Dilemma”—Why humans are altruistic，There are many different answers。Plotkin said，Researchers want to understand the drivers behind the convergence of bet365 sportsbook review norms，Especially in a heterogeneous society，Different groups may have different views on reputation。These bet365 sportsbook review norms are critical to promoting cooperation，But how are they accepted and evolved on a collective level，Still largely unexplored。

According to Kessinger，This study opens up new ways to explore the complexity of bet365 sportsbook review cooperation。He proposed，The traditional cooperation model is based on a homogeneous society and direct information flow，Researchers realized，This is not an accurate description of reality，Because society is multi-level，Different groups not only have different understandings of reputation，There are also differences in behavioral norms。To solve this problem，The model developed by the researchers takes into account multiple coexisting bet365 sportsbook review norms。They analyze how these norms compete as individuals learn from each other and change group affiliations (from one group to another，And whether this will lead to their convergence，Converge into a common norm。An important finding of the study is，A bet365 sportsbook review norm called "harsh judgment" has succeeded in taking hold。This norm assigns a "bad reputation" to those who collaborate with those who have a poor bet365 sportsbook review image，Use condemnation as a means of punishment。Kersinger introduced，‘Hard judgment’ ranked highest among norms evaluated by researchers，When individuals tend to interact socially within the group to which they belong，It is particularly effective。This norm emphasizes a vigilant caution，Seems to help strengthen overall cooperation。At the same time，Researchers found，Splitting reputation information among different groups will undermine the stability of cooperation。When a population is divided into groups with different viewpoints，Cooperation will be inhibited。This is a delicate balance，The more dispersed the information about reputation is，The harder it is to cooperate, the harder it will be to win popular support。However，Researchers also noticed，bet365 sportsbook review interaction within the group can neutralize this effect to some extent。

This study paints a complex picture of human cooperative behavior。Although certain norms promote cooperative behavior，But the bet365 sportsbook review structure of each community has a significant impact on its success。“Hard judgment” is a powerful driver of cooperation，However，In a society falling apart，Individuals may not be able to share information among groups and make it work。Plotkin said，Their research results have certain implications for how to promote cooperation in multicultural societies。Whether it is at the overall level of society，Also in smaller groups such as residential areas or workplaces，The ability to reach common norms is very critical。

　　(bet365 sportsbook review/Compiled)