In ancient China, farming -oriented，The agricultural population that has an absolute proportion and the vast villages have an important role in maintaining the stability of the country。Zhaibao is a rural defensive settlement created by the ancient army or the people to resist the invasion of the enemy，Since the birth of the Warring States Period，The importance in ancient Chinese society is continuously improved，The role of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is particularly obvious。Quantity huge、The widely distributed Zhaobao settlement is a bridge between the ancient villagers and the present people，Open a window for us to understand ancient rural defense and local society。

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Although the Southwest region has established a contact with the Central Plains very early，But the areas infiltrated by the Central Plains culture are mainly concentrated in Bashu's hinterland，There are still strong differences in Yungui and Western Sichuan，This also brings certain obstacles to these regions incorporated into the Central Plains cultural core circle。Southwest，Zhu Yuanzhang summarizes the experience of governance of the past，Think that it is necessary to fundamentally make Yungui、West Sichuan and other places to better integrate，It is necessary to change the governance method that simply rely on military conquest，He instructed Fu Youde、Blue Jade、Mu Ying and other southwestern commanders: "Today's plan，Non -system does not rebellion，focusing on making it no rebellion。"The strategy is to build the city to control the maintenance，Then continue to create a Zhaobao to go deep into the countryside，Mobilize immigration to enter，Confucianism。Qing along the Ming Dynasty，Continue to create a Zhaobao in the newly opened area to radiate the countryside，Gradually incorporate the ethnic groups of these areas into the Chinese civilization family。

The types of Zhaobao created by the official organization during the Ming and Qing Dynasties are diverse: the moat Bet365 lotto review was built around the city，to change the isolated and helpless situation of a single city，Establishing depth defense。Passing the fortress on the station on the traffic line，To protect the border love、Under the decree。To cope with some states and counties too large、The situation of poor management，Tong in the state、County、Qian President、Total、Inspection, etc.，Treatment of the place nearby。In the vast country，The military and civilians of Tun Tian have also built a Zhaobao to stop，Out of the soldier、Entry is the people，Reduce the loss of food for long -distance transportation of the country，Reduce the burden on the food of the local people。Some garrisons are not only stationed in Fangcheng，Still built Zhaibao Tunzheng in the countryside as a strategic outpost，Maintain local order，Protecting rural safety。

A large number of officials created with Zhaibao、Sergeant、People and other foreign immigrants，Bringing the cultural and production technology of the Central Plains，Promoting the economic development and cultural integration of the Southwest region。In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen commented on the changes since the founding of Guizhou. "Guizhou is the state，In ancient times, it is a wasteland，Entering the establishment of officials to learn，Drive the scales and clothes，Countering the county and county，Shijozhai and Guardo。Eighteen 70 years，骎骎 骎骎。"The cultural impact of a city is limited to the suburbs，and through Zhaobao as a radiation source to infiltrate the countryside，It is bound to further affect local society。Zhenshan Village Castle, Guizhou Province，That is, Li Renyu, a native of Ji'an Government, Jiangxi.，Marry the Local Class Buyi Woman，The second son is Li、Class surname，It is passed on to this day，Reflected the ethnic integration of Zhaibao culture。Zhaobao built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties mostly gradually abandoned with the movement of time，The original military settlement gradually evolved to ordinary villages，Foreign immigrants gradually blend with local people，Most of them are difficult to divide with each other，The original ethnic identity Bet365 lotto review gradually blurred，Through communication、Communication and blending。There are also some special cases，Ru Anshun、"Tunbao Man" in Xuanwei and other places，So far still retains the cultural customs and clothing characteristics of the Ming Dynasty，Unique "Cultural Island" phenomenon appears，It has become a activated stone for Xie's Central Plains culture in the Ming Dynasty。

　　Watch Xiangxu: Ancient rural order in Zhaibao 

Whenever when social turmoil，City can rely on solid city walls and wide moats for defense，Villages without defensive carriers will inevitably be plundered。In the troubled times，The villagers can only be organized spontaneously，Give full play to the spirit of watching and help，Create your own "Peach Blossom Source"，can we find the first -line life。Mr. Chen Yinque once pointed out in "Peach Blossom Source"，Tao Yuanming is not only a text of meaning，also with documentary。When the war comes，Those who cannot move away from the homeland to others，Most of the clan and township party，Choose Mountains and Speaking Insurance、Easy to defend and difficult attack，Building a Zhaibao thinks about the defense of the capital，Practicing Township forces as defense forces，She refuge in the turmoil in the turmoil。People who build a village to avoid chaos in the war，Tatling back to the two Han Dynasty，"Hou Han Book · Liu Penzi Biography" is called "Shi Zi Da Chao，People eat each other，City Guo Judong，White bone shielded wild，The survivors often gather as business insurance，You can't stick to it "。Zhaobao in the southwest region also originated here，The founder of the Chenghan regime, Li Te when besieging Chengdu，It was defeated by the betrayal of the village castle force and was defeated by the defeat。Since then，Creating Zhaobao to become an important way for villagers to avoid chaos，Play an important role in defending the lives and property of the people，Numbers of books in the past。

Ming and Qing Dynasties，Frequent wars of war in the Southwest region，The influence of the Ming Dynasty is Lan Tingrui、鄢 鄢 鄢，"The Rebellion of the State" and "Luxury Rebellion"，In the late Ming Dynasty。During the same year、During the same year，There are also large bet365 best casino games -scale anti -Qing struggles。Five provinces Bai Lian religion uprising in the first year of Jiaqing，Facing the "Incorrect Team、Not facing，Do not take the plain，Only hundreds of groups，Sudden points and suddenly，Suddenly South Sudden Northern Uprising Forces，The Qing Army cannot limit，There is a situation of killing civilians with responsibility。Temporary group training、Tonic discipline is also poor，Frequent plundering villages or refugees。The Bailian Relief Rebel Army has not yet got rid of the limitations of peasant uprising，No clear political program，No unified force formed，Turn only in the mountains，No base，Among them, good and bad，Some teams are to solve the source of troops、Grain 秣 issues will also plunder civilians。To prevent plunder，Sichuan East、People in North Sichuan have rebuilt Guzhai，Move in it to avoid disaster。Some local officials also gradually realize the positive significance of Judong Tun's gathering of stable local public security，Start organizing the people to build a village self -defense，Eventually be gradually accepted from bottom to top。To the four years of Jiaqing, the villages of the provinces where the emperor of Jiaqing and the wars of the provinces will build a village，The strategy of "firm wall and clear the wild" has also become an important means for the Qing court to reshape local order。In Xianfeng、In the war in the Tongzhi years，Several provinces in the southwest are disturbed by war，At this time, the anti -Qing armed component is more complicated，Most of them are small stocks that do not belong to each other，The discipline of the Qing army is even more corrupt。To survive in troubled times，The people in various places build a village again。The wave of Zhaobao built in the southwest of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，It is mainly concentrated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties、Jiaqing、Xian Tong three periods。

During the construction and management of Zhaibao，The gentry class played a leading role。The construction of Zhaibao requires a lot of manpower and material resources，Such as Zigong Sanuozhai consumes more than 70,000 silver，Live six years，Cumulative 1.1 million with workers。bet365 live casino games Most of the common Zhaobao also needs hundreds of thousands of silver，Organize a lot of labor collaboration。After the Castle was completed，Set up weapons、Get grain、Audit population、Training Zha Yong、Maintain order、Personnel during fighting, etc.，All need to have strong organizational power and execution，and be able to get the conviction of the villagers。Therefore，During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the village owner was generally "talented of gentlemen、as a convincing person，Including officials in the family of the former residence，Jinshi who has no real job、Officials，and more quantity Wensheng、Wusheng、Supervisor、Officials、Staff, etc.。In view of the "extremely streamlined government framework" mode in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The country is weak and controlled the countryside，Local affairs have rely more on the gentry。When social turmoil，It is still a gentry class that directly leads the role in the local order。

clan、The family has an important impact in the traditional society of our country，Jugu and living are an important form of rural settlement during the Ming and Qing dynasties。Therefore，In the process of building and management of Zhaibao，clan and family also plays an important role in it，Many Zhaobao directly crowned the names of "Lijiazhai" and "Wangjiabao"，Based on this。Most Zhaobao did not name it，But you can still see the impact of the family from the process of its construction。Longchang County Genting Genting Village，It is the Guo family of the south of the Chuannan family.。Yunyang Panshi Village built together for the Tu clan people，When it is built，Call for businessmen from the patriarch，layout project、Admission、Finance、The person in charge of manpower, etc.，Building a village funds will be extracted from the family's field income。Zunyi Name Yumen Village，Li Xunchang, one of the three major representatives of the "beach culture", builds together。Wu Tunbao under Xingyi，Built by the local Wang family Liu's，They also take this opportunity to develop rapidly，The foundation laid the foundation for the rise of the "Xingyi Department" warlord in Bet365 app download the early years of the Republic of China。

　　Blend of History and Reality: The status and value of the relics of Zhaibao's relics 

As an important military settlement in the historical period，At present, there are still large number of Zhaobao relics all over the country，The distribution range covers most provinces，Diverse quantity。According to the third cultural relic census statistics，Zhaobao, which is included in the national non -mobile cultural relics list，There are 1056 in Sichuan，There are 561 in Chongqing，830 in Guizhou。Its site selection，Mountains build a village according to danger，Dig the castle in Pingdi，Natural cave that relies on Karst landforms，or the stone chosice between the cliffs is a hole，巧。Its composition，or thousands of houses gathered as Dazhai，or several families do not build it as a small village; or build a small village in Dazhai to form a depth defense，Or build a village on the neighboring mountains to form a cricket。Its material，or Boulder，or rammed soil，Or a fire brick，Including Zhaimen，Reflecting the survival wisdom of the ancient ancestors。Its relic type，Including Zhaimen、Village Wall、Bunker、Fortress、Residents、Temple View、Ancestral Temple、Drama Building、Statue、Stele carrier、Tomb, etc.，It has important historical value and cultural value。

A large number of stone carvings in the village，It is the precious first -hand information to study the ancient rural society。Multi -type building relics，Great momentum is like rainbow，Small carved flowers，It is a activated stone for studying ancient buildings。Zhaobao's relics also have high development value，Zunyi Hai Longhou has become a world cultural heritage，Hechuan Diaoyu City has also been included in the World Heritage Declaration Preparatory Project，Zhongxian Shibaozhai、Wu Shengbao Zhaoxai、Pingba Tianlongtun、Anshun Baotun、Huaxi Qingyanbao, etc. has been developed as a tourist attraction，Many are still national -level historical and cultural town name villages，Is a famous local cultural business card。

Zhaibao is the carrier of the ancient rural defense，Its culture reflects the importance of the national Bet365 app download grass -roots control and the importance of the spirit of folk watches and helps to rural order。The country is the manager of Zhaibao，Whether it is a military village or Minzhai，Its existence reflects the country's pursuit of unification、Development of the frontier area、Determination of strengthening grassroots management。The villagers are the builders and direct managers of Minzhai，Their desire for survival and peace during the war，Spontaneous organization，Unity，Zhongzhi Chengcheng，Reflection of the spirit of the ancients' friendship and mutual assistance。Deepen the historical value and cultural value of Zhaibao，It is a key for us to understand ancient rural society。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Zhaobao Research"、Associate Professor of the Karster Ecological Civilization Research Center of Guizhou Normal University)