Taboo，People often think of the restraint of human nature or the opposite of science，Rarely pay attention to the role played by taboos in the cultural system produced by it。To some extent，It can be said that this word has been stigmatized。But each cultural system has its own taboos and these contraindications for a long time，Because taboos can actually be a risk prevention method。In some areas or civilizations with more primitive social forms，Contraindications still play a role。More precisely，Contraindications can be understood as a kind of social norms with strong binding force、Information coding on risks，It can be used to guide people who live in a specific space -time background to make a reasonable choice，Avoid risk。This article will briefly talk about the relationship between taboos and risks and science。

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We can understand the relationship between taboos and risks from two cases。

According to American scholar Jared Diamond test，There is still such a taboos in the hunting tribe on New Guinea: hunter cannot stay under the dead trees when he goes out to track the prey。The purpose of this taboo is clear，It is to reduce the risk of hunter being injured by a dead tree when the hunter was poured by the wild camping。On the surface，The possibility of this situation may not be high，But hunting is the main means for bet365 best casino games locals to obtain animal protein，This means that the relevant activities will run through their lives，In the long run, the possibility of being hit by a dead tree is not as low as people imagine，This is actually "I often walk by the river，How can I not get wet shoes? "。If you consider the alertness and response ability of people during the night break, it will be reduced，So the taboos to avoid the taboo of dead trees in the camp are a reasonable risk prevention measure。

As "not marrying the same surname" is a taboo widespread in many cultural systems。In Korea，"The same surname is not married".。Modern biological genetics has revealed the disadvantages of close relatives: this approach may not only increase the probability of genetic defects，It may also reduce the possibility of genetic reorganization and reduce the genetic diversity and adaptability of the entire ethnic group。But in the past without biology and genetics，How do people establish this taboo? That is through observation and practice。The ancients found that marrying the same surname is more likely to have unhealthy babies，Within the scope of activity of the ancients，The possibility of getting married in the same surname is basically the possibility of getting married in close relatives。

It can be seen through the above examples，Taboo seems to be interrupted、Decoles that are not doubtful and often covered with culture，and accompanied by various ritual activities，Therefore, it seems a bit mysterious。But its kernel is clear，That is to solidify the cognition of various risks through bet365 live casino games taboos in the long -term practical activity，to increase the survival probability of group members and even the entire group。From this perspective，Taboo is not a cultural restraint，but the crystallization of the ancient wisdom，Is the way to deal with risks。

　　How can taboos become contraindications

Taboo in the most primitive area of ​​the social form can be found，A variety of taboos are mostly transmitted in the group by word of mouth and continued between generations，Activities accompanied by various rituals during the dissemination process to achieve the purpose of making the receiver impressed by it，If you open the veil of culture，Contraindications are risk response methods. This core stool is revealed。But there is another question to answer，That is how taboos are formed，In other words, it is the perception of risks.。This is to be understood from the attributes and embodiments of the contraindication。In terms of attributes，Contraindications are not only a cultural or religious custom，It is a kind of social norms with strong binding power (Social Norm)，Acts that violate taboos will be punished by various social nature，This prompted taboos in the minds of members of society。A kind of social norms rising into taboos，It can help the actor do not need to think about making decisions quickly in the corresponding environment through the heuristics method，It seems to turn on a mobile switch，This guarantees the target of taboos -to avoid the smooth realization of risks。

As the American scholar Elinor Ostrom, an American scholar who won the Nobel bet365 best casino games Prize in Economics,，Social specifications with binding power in a community，These social specifications help the community to deal with the common problems faced by the group。The common experience will be based on its nature of differences，Differential treatment of acts that violate social norms，That is to say, the punishment strength is the level of level。Considering that the behavior targeting taboos will bring serious danger，Some may endanger the long -term duration of the group，Therefore, raising social norms into cultural taboos itself is a judgment on the degree of risk。This can understand why violating taboos often face more serious group punishment: the actor will be degraded by reputation，Division of the danger of being expelled from the community。

Contraindications are generally implemented through inspiration，This means that people rely on simple rules in complex environments to quickly choose。Compared with modern people，The living environment faced by the ancients is much more dangerous，Limited from the field of vision、Time urgent，and lack of ready -made experience available，How can we make reasonable decisions? One of the simplest methods is to open the corresponding taboo switch according to a specific environment。That is to say，Decision makers may not need to know when the risk occurs，and what conditions may happen，As long as you select the corresponding contraindications through the environment of recognition, you can avoid the worst result，This is the way to operate taboos，It is also a concrete manifestation bet365 best casino games of practical rationality。As German scholar Gerd Gigernzer thinks，Master the simple inspiration method，Only to survive in the world full of uncertainty，and achieve today's achievements。

　　Taboo and science are not dual -opposing relationships

Imagine，Modern people who have been baptized scientifically came to the area where the aforementioned hunting tribe is located，During the camp, he chose a position around a dead tree。Local guide tells him，Doing this is wrong，But I don’t know how big the danger is。This modern person has learned statistics，And also know that the weather in this area will be good in the next few days，So he insisted on staying at this position at this position，and his guide is far away，Mocol -laughed by it。From the statistical point of view，The risk brought by the choice of modern people can be ignored，The probability of blowning the dead tree because of the accidental style of the wind is not high，and the guide seems to have been bound by his taboos he learned from a young age。But this guide actually made a correct choice，Because compared with that modern person，He may not just occasionally stay in the wild，Considering the frequency of this choice，Avoiding dead trees is actually a good strategy to avoid risks。other，Making this choice is also relatively low，He does not need to understand the weather status of the day at all，As long as you follow the taboos, you can avoid risks to a certain extent。

Married in modern society has long been used to it，Of course, this is not because people no longer prevent the bad consequences that the bet365 best casino games close relatives may be caused，but because modern people have better genetic identification technology and corresponding information preservation methods。So the law can directly make prohibitivity regulations on close relatives，instead of seeking more rough taboos anymore，After all, the same surname is just an agency indicator for close relatives。From this point of view，"Unmarried with the same surname" has become an unnecessary limit。But the effectiveness of taboos has never been surpassed by time and space，Considering the environment and technical conditions when the contraindication occurs，contraindications like "unmarried surnames" undoubtedly have advantages that are easy to recognize and easy to execute。That's why，Taboo not only has the space -time background of its role，And its simple and easy characteristics still have a certain enlightenment value for modern risk management。

To sum up，There is not a relationship between dual opposition between taboos and science，It should not simply equate taboos and superstition activities。Some taboos are still affecting people’s decisions，That's why，"Follow the customs in the countryside" is not just a ceremony，Careful attitude towards the unknown environment or risk。or what the American scholar Nassim Nicholas Taleb said，Many taboos have undergone traversal tests，It is worthy of our careful treatment。Even those taboos that have been replaced，Examine its historical origin and operation method，Not only can we understand the tests that we have bet365 live casino games experienced by our generations，And can provide valuable experience for future challenges。

(Author Unit: School of Law of Ocean University of China)