Although it should be translated as "publicism" or "populist" or controversy，But scholars in most related fields think，"Publicism" has a long prevailing time in Latin America，It has an important and far -reaching impact in the history of regional political development，And so far still active in the political life of Latin American countries，It is worth paying attention and research。

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By summarizing the previous research results，We can find that Latin America’s "publicism" is at historical origin、Power Composition、Ideological and internal and external policies，Have the following significant features。

First，Historical origins early，Impact continues to this day。Latin America "Civilist" started in the 1920s，The golden period of developing for it in the 1930s，Cardineism in Mexico、Volonism in Argentina、Brazil's Wagasism is a typical representative。and 10 years before the 21st century，Venezuela、Ecuador、"Pink Waves" emerging from countries such as Bolivia，It is also generally regarded by mainstream Western media and think tanks as the rise of "publicism"。The above country's current political and economic system、Power pattern、Social structure and policy tendency，It is still profoundly affected by "publicism"。

Second，Multi -strength ingredients，Great political potential。The power represented by Latin America's "publicism" mostly comes from the middle and lower levels of society，both refers to the "publicism" regime，Political parties with left -wing tendencies、Industry Games and various human rights protection organizations，Seeking Bet365 app download politics from top to bottom、Economic and social change。It is in the political field with the Mexican Revolutionary System Party、Argentine Justice Party and other traditional parties and Brazilian Labor Party、Venezuela's unified socialist party and other emerging left -wing parties as representatives; state -owned enterprises in energy and mineral resources in the economic field、Latin America SMEs and farmers represent power。

third，Ideological Poly source，Stronger colors in the left。Latin America "Civilianism" sets left -wing ideas、Labor Movement、Liberalism、Traditional religious influence and nationalism integrity，In Argentina、Brazil mainly relies on strong labor force，Mexico, which retains better in Indian culture、Peru、Bolivia and other countries，Expressing a strong nation's local color。At the same time，Generally accepting recognition of democracy、Free values，Follow the political order of the democratic system，Based on this, pursue building a strong、Authoritative Government。

fourth，Emphasize economic sovereignty，Pursuing Welfare Excellence。Latin America's "publicism" advocates the development of a mixed ownership economy，Persist in energy and minerals、Finance、Aviation and other strategic fields retain certain state -owned components; attach importance to strengthening government intervention，Implementing price、exchange rate control，There is a certain tendency of trade protectionism; pay attention to social fairness，strive to improve income distribution status，Realize the equalization of public services; rely on resource -based fiscal revenue to increase social benefits，and this extensively mobilize the people to participate in the political process。

Fifth，Implement diversified diplomacy，Highlights of bet365 live casino games pragmatism。Latin America "publicism" pursue diplomatic independence，Most of the "third position" and "third road"; with anti -American complex，Keep a distance with the United States，Adopt a strategy of struggle and cooperation; adhere to the concept of South -South cooperation，Pay attention to the relationship between the development of non -Western forces，View China、Russia、India and other emerging economies are the main strategic partners。Emphasize unity and mutual assistance within the region，Actively promote regional integrated development。

　With a unique root background and change law

"Publicism" appears frequently in Latin American history，What deep reasons behind it，What are the rules of change and change of change，How should we distinguish the difference between its "populism" and the current American and European "populism"，How to view its development prospects，These are practical problems that the academic circles cannot avoid when studying and understanding the evolution of Latin American political structure。

Latin America's "publicism" has its unique root background。Latin America has gone through many global wave baptisms，Due to your own conditions、The influence and restrictions of external factors，Different stage of development，Industrialization has occurred、Urbanization over、Debt crisis entanglement、Democratization defects、Multiple development dilemmas such as marketization and failure。Latin American countries have not been able to enter the threshold of developed countries，Social differentiation and rejection for a long time，The social class is not smooth，The gap between the rich and the poor is difficult to bridge，As a result, the dissatisfaction of the middle and lower levels is constantly accumulated。In this background，Representing bet365 live casino games the political forces of the people frequently appeared in Latin America、Development and growing and coming to power during certain periods，This is the result of the interaction and impact of various internal and external factors。

In the history of history，Latin America's "publicism" began in the early 20th century against the oligopoly political struggle of Great Real Estate Lord，After the golden period of development in the 1930s and 1960s，In the 1970s, the military government fell into a low tide，Since then, the wave of democratization in the 1980s and 1990s and the reform of new liberalism，Rise again in the 21st century before the 21st century，It is now frustrated by the end of the prosperity cycle of the community。Most related research believes，The prosperity of Latin America's "publicism" is generally accompanied by the four core elements，Politic strong、Direct democratic voting、Welfare Excellence and Wide Social Mobilization。Looking at its development and evolution，Most of them are prosperous in the export of large products，Social and economic contradictions Outstanding，When the people seek to change urgently; often decline in poor economic governance，Welfare catch -up triggered fiscal unsustainable，until the end of the people's support。

In recent years，Affected by the new round of Western conservatives，The influence of "populism" in Europe and the United States has increased，It has become a prominent social and political issue in the Western world today，Highlighting is opposed to globalization and regional integration，Anti -building、Anti -immigration。Compared with it，Latin America's "publicism" although there is also anti -globalization、Political tendency of anti -multinational capital oligarch，But it is mainly aimed at the globalization dominated by the West and its new bet365 live casino games liberal reform of new liberalism，Proposal to rely on the comparative advantage of resources to promote re -industrialization，This is embedded or climbed to the global division of labor system and industrial value chain high -end position。At the same time，Latin American "publicism" is committed to enhancing regional cohesion，Commonly dealing with global challenges and enhance the right to speak in international governance，Emphasizing the continuously stable construction of national identity on the basis of historical traditions，It does not exclude foreign and foreign immigrants。

　　Objectively treat the influence of "publicism"

Although the West is generally considered，At present, the left -wing camp in Latin America suffers heavy blows，"Civilist" power is in a tide -down period，But you should see that the political and social forces representing the middle and lower levels are still active，There is still an important impact in the political pattern of various countries in Latin America，This is mainly manifested in four aspects。

The first is that "publicism" has become an important part of some Latin American systems，Constitution in these countries、The judicial system, etc. have clear legality protection regulations on the rights and interests of relevant groups; the second is Argentina、Politics of Bolivia and other countries after rotating right，In the past two years, the left -wing party has come to power again，Ecuador、Brazil、Left -wing parties in Chile and other countries still have strong political influence in parliament and localities; third, after more than 10 years of development，Left -wing regime has increased in anti -poverty、Medical、Education and other social fields of social fields，Related policy orientation has accumulated a broad bet365 Play online games and solid public opinion foundation，The policy changes of the middle and right government in cutting social expenditure and other policies have forming a strong containment; fourth is Ecuador、Left -wing parties in Brazil and other countries have realized that there are weak links，Start strengthening its own construction to re -accumulate strength。

"populism" is commonly used in the western academic community instead of "publicism" to analyze Latin American political ecological phenomena，and overall, there are many derogatory directions; but the "populist" notes are not generally recognized by Latin American countries，"Publicism" is a more positive word in Latin America，We need to look at this scientifically、Accurate grasp。The development of the "publicism" of Latin America，In essence, the regional country's self -exploration of development roads and models according to its own conditions，From the results, it has promoted regional politics、Economy、Diversified development of society, etc.，Objectively help promote regional integration、The international structure multi -polarization and the democratization of international relations。

At the same time，We also have to see，"Publicism" when the rise of Latin America，The policy orientation of various countries in this region has created favorable conditions for its relationship with other regions and developing countries for its expansion.，Especially since entering the 21st century，Rise of Latin American left wing and governing in many countries，Pay more attention to strengthening contact with developing countries，Carry out South -South cooperation。"Publicism" related trends of thought、Power、Policy, etc. on Latin America, have a wide and far -reaching impact on Latin America，Bet365 lotto review It is a factor that is difficult to ignore in the process of developing the relationship between the development of various countries，It is also a question that scholars engaged in Latin American related research。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Latin America, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)