In recent years，Digital economy and other digital economy innovation has received widespread attention from countries around the world。The views of digital currencies are not consistent，Some countries are actively promoting digital currency innovation，But there are also the country's attitude of waiting for digital currencies。In -depth analysis of digital currency concepts and related policies of developed countries，It will help understand the development trend of digital currency and deepen international financial cooperation。

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Digital currency is a new currency form developed by fusion cryptography technology and Internet technology，The impact on the economy and society has greater uncertainty。Especially blockchain technology has decentralization、distributed and other features，Digital currencies developed based on it may be used illegal activities such as money laundering。Therefore，Some developed countries not only pay attention to the new opportunities brought by digital currency，Also pay attention to the potential challenges that private digital currency may trigger，Pay attention to the transaction supervision of private digital currency。

The Federal Government does not particularly restrict private digital currency transactions，Instead, control the existing regulatory system，Including securities supervision、Anti -money laundering supervision and tax supervision。In terms of securities supervision，According to the American Securities Law，Private digital currency belongs to the securities category，Its issuance Bet365 lotto review or resale is recognized as securities sales，It may be regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)，The US Securities and Exchange Commission and the court will judge based on the essence of the transaction。Since 2017，The US Securities and Exchange Commission mainly issues a statement、Prosecution、Survey and other forms to supervise the digital currency industry，It believes that the token financing behavior of most projects is issued by the issuance of securities，Related formats must be registered。From July 2019，The US Securities and Exchange Commission exempts the listing registration of some projects，I also issued a letter to some projects。In anti -money laundering，The United States is mainly supervised the digital currency industry in accordance with the "Bank Secret Law"，But this supervision is not a subject involved in all the subjects involved in virtual currency transactions，Only the subject engaged in the currency service business，Only need to meet the anti -money laundering compliance requirements of the Bank of Confidentiality Law。​​In terms of tax supervision，March 2014，The National Taxation Bureau issued a guide on virtual currency，Clept the sale of convertible virtual currency、Exchange or use，It may cause taxation consequences。

The Japanese government clearly incorporates digital currencies into the field of virtual currency for supervision。Japan revised the "Payment Service Law"，Personnel required to provide virtual currency trading services must complete registration in the Financial Hall，and establish a similar internal control system similar to other financial institutions、Record the storage system and suspicious transaction report system，Otherwise, it may face administrative penalties or criminal prosecution。Bet365 lotto review At the same time，According to the provisions of the Japanese "Prevention of Criminal Revenue Transfer"，"Virtual Currency Trading Service Provider" has the obligation to verify the identity data of customers and people who have substantial control of customer business，Keep verification records and transaction records for 7 years，Report suspicious transactions to the relevant authorities。The above regulations are substantially similar to anti -money laundering supervision requirements for banks and other financial institutions，Explain the virtual currency trading institution that handles funds transfer business，It also needs to fulfill the obligation of anti -money laundering supervision。

　　Competition and cooperation in the field of legal digital currency

2019，International Clearance Bank and Payment and Market Infrastructure Committee surveyed the legal digital currency research and development of 66 countries，The results show that 80%of countries are actively studying the legal digital currency problem。June 2019，US Internet companies "Facebook" released a white paper for "Libra" (libra "，Legal digital currency research and development of some developed countries shows acceleration trends。

Digital currency competition in developed countries is becoming increasingly fierce。Disclosure of the Bank of Canada in June 2019，It is designing a digital currency system，Let people who have no bank account or mobile phone can also use，and can work during power off，Safety is similar to banknotes，I hope to get the trust of the public who prefers cash more。Research report entitled "Technical Topics of the Central Bank Digital Currency with the same function as cash" in July 2019，It is proposed that the legal digital currency must have the same function as cash。At the Meeting of the Twenty Group (G20) Group (G20), held in February 2020，The Chief bet365 live casino games Financial Officer of the Central Bank of the United Kingdom, Sara John, said，Central banks of various countries to increase their efforts to study sovereignty cryptocurrency is important，Otherwise, it will not be able to get a balance with the private sector。March 2020，Bank of the US Congress Senate Bank、The Housing and Urban Affairs Committee announced a draft of a proposal on the launch of digital dollars。Also in March 2020，The French Central Bank announced that it will accelerate the test process of legal digital currency to promote digital euro research and development。European Central Bank President Lagarde also emphasized，Digital euro feasibility study must accelerate。

Regarding developed countries not only pay attention to competition in the field of statutory digital currency，Also pay attention to cooperation in this area。February 2020，UK、Swiss、The central bank of 6 countries including Canada announced that it will discuss digital currency cooperation issues in Washington。Canada、UK、Japan、EU、The central bank of Sweden and Switzerland established a group with International Clearance Bank，Commonly studying digital cryptocurrency -related issues，Share their respective experience。July 2020，The Seventh Kingdom Group decided to cooperate on the issuance of legal digital currency。October 2020，International Clearance Bank collaborative Federal Reserve、European Central Bank、Central Bank、Swiss Central Bank、Bank of Japan、Bank of Japan、Australian Central Bank announced a report entitled "Central Bank of Digital Currency: Basic Principles and Core Features"，Discuss the basic criteria and key features of the statutory statutory statutory digital currency，Emphasize that while better development of digital technology，bet365 Play online games In order to improve and achieve the overall goal of social policy，The central banks of various countries have already actively carried out scientific research，in order to show the public's advantages and disadvantages of digital currency。

　Digital monetary policy design in developed countries

Considering that private digital currency is more difficult to regulate，Suitable problems such as illegal transactions，It may affect the normal operation of the economy and society，Developed countries usually maintain a cautious attitude towards private digital currencies，Do not actively support the development of private digital currencies。Corresponding to this is，Some developed countries hold a positive attitude towards the overall statutory digital currency，Constantly exploring related policy measures，The issuance and liquidation of the legal digital currency innovation，Promoting healthy competition and cooperation in the field of legal digital currency。The game of private digital currencies and legal digital currencies has become an important point for the formulation of digital currency policy in developed countries。

The United States has not issued a digital dollar，Private digital currency "Libra" has become an important part of policy formulation controversy。Fed Chairman Powell once said，Because the existing US dollar system can still play a good role as the "heart" of the financial system，The Fed does not promise to issue a digital dollar。but February 2020，He said at the hearing of the US Congress Financial Services Committee，"Digital dollars may win on the issue of privacy protection"。The Federal Reserve Director Brened also said when delivering a speech at Stanford University Business School，The Fed is conducting research and experiments on distributed bookkeeping technology and potential use cases of digital currencies，bet365 live casino games Including analysis and determining the potential of developing legal digital currencies。

EU does not have specific regulations on digital currency，But some EU member states have begun to make attempts in this area，This also includes France。French Central Bank not only pays attention to the issuance of bet365 Play online games statutory digital currencies，And has begun to explore related settlement mechanism design。December 2019，French central bank governor revealed，French legal digital currency experiments will focus on multiple aspects，Including the development of statutory digital currencies、Issuing、Potential technical challenges，and the impact of statutory digital currencies on traditional economic fields。The French Central Bank has always called on experiments on the use of digital euro，The purpose is to explore the use of legal digital currency for liquidation and settlement。Although it has previously called on a blockchain -based settlement system，But the Bank of France said，Its latest legal digital currency experiment plan does not require any specific technology。The experimental plan is divided into three stages，Design digital currency、Analyze its influence and final execution operation。other，This project will also study the statutory digital currency to market infrastructure、Monetary policy、The potential effects of macroeconomic factors and laws and regulatory frameworks。

Although the relevant countries have carried out many years of exploration in the digital currency field，But the pros and cons of private digital currency and legal digital currency，Nations have not yet formed a consensus，Some developed countries focus on private digital currency in policy design，Others focus on the development of legal digital currency。In the field of digital currency，Not only does the competition between bet365 Play online games statutory digital currencies and private digital currencies，There are also competition within the legal digital currency and internal private digital currency。No matter how the future digital currency will develop，All need to adhere to a cautious attitude for more experiments and research。

(Author Unit: International Institute of Strategic Research of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National Academy of Administration)