As a typical hermeneutic event in the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West，The translation activities of missionaries have always attracted academic attention。In many translations，Translation of ancient Chinese classics by bet365 best casino games, a famous modern British sinologist，It is still considered the standard translation of ancient Chinese classics and highly respected。He adheres to the principle of "extraordinary fidelity to the original text" during the translation process，Extensive reference to classic commentaries from past dynasties，Strive to maintain the meaning of the original text in the translation。Under the influence of his educational background and work experience，bet365 best casino games’s translation has the correlation between Christian hermeneutics and the tradition of commentaries on ancient Chinese classics。Examine the text network formed by connecting around certain keywords，Can cut into Western scholars’ understanding and acceptance of Chinese culture，Exploring the channel to achieve inter-cultural affinity between Chinese culture and Western culture。In the author’s opinion，bet365 best casino games uses Western conceptual tools，The process of “appropriating” key words from Confucius’ thoughts on “virtuous government” into the translation，This is a case where similar value ideals inspired by the contact and collision of ideas between Chinese and Western cultures are highlighted in different cultures。

Confucius’s thoughts on “Government by virtue” are concentrated in the discussion of “Government with virtue” and the corresponding methods of “Government” in The Analects。Here，"Virtue governance" means that the rulers obtain inner "virtue" or "virtue" through self-cultivation，Lead by example，And use this to influence the people，Make it obey yourself，So that one's own policies and decrees can be implemented。Therefore，bet365 best casino games translated it as “to govern by virtue” rather than “rule of morality”。bet365 best casino games thinks，This principle requires that the governing ability of the ruler is directly proportional to his or her own moral level。He starts from this understanding，In the academic preface and notes to relevant chapters of the English translation of "The Analects", Confucius's thoughts on "virtuous government" were interpreted。

　　Using local concepts to interpret "virtuous bet365 best casino games"

People generally think，Discussion on the issue of "doing politics" in "The Analects"，It is Confucius’s political practice and administrative measures and other political methods，Guidelines given to “rulers” at different levels，The "ruler" here includes both the monarch himself，Also includes the officials and officials who assist the monarch in handling various affairs。bet365 best casino games separated with prince、ruler、the doer of government、his ministers and officers、the followers of government differentiate between emperors belonging to different levels、Princes and officials。But when talking about "governing with virtue"，But “all in authority” refers to “those in authority”，Thinks that despite its power and status，There are hierarchical differences among these rulers，But they all have the power to rule and manage political affairs。bet365 best casino games also deliberately used "the powers that be" (TPTB) in quotation marks to refer to "the rulers"，This shows that he thinks it can be regarded as an idiom，Specifically refers to “the authority of the higher powers” ​​in Romans 13:1 of the New Testament。

The word "authority" originates from the Latin "auctoritas"，The root of the word is the verb "augere"，Means "to increase" or "to enrich"。In Christian Ethics，"Authority" can be interpreted as "assisting and enriching those under them"；And exercise authority responsibly，is regarded as "the legitimate mission of authority"。bet365 best casino games classifies “regulators” as “those who are above and have authority”，Represents that he believes that this group of people have gained personal authority to a certain extent because of their special leadership skills，Or take advantage of the management status given to him by society、Ruling function and possessing position (social) authority。It is precisely because of its superiority in certain aspects compared with ordinary people，Politics can benefit others or society，And make certain demands on people。Within its authority，Even if the politician's position was obtained improperly or he is incompetent (inadequate or unworthy)，Christian ethics still requires obedience at the level of official authority。bet365 best casino games named "the ruler" after "all in authority"，In the context of Western culture，Establishes the legitimacy of the hierarchical relationship between political actors in terms of political relations and exercise of power，It also provides "virtuous government" with legitimacy and legality that Westerners can understand in terms of position and status。

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In the comments on the chapter "Government with Virtue" in The Analects，bet365 best casino games believes that the purpose of this chapter is to illustrate "the influence of virtue in a ruler"，And borrow the views of Northern Song Dynasty scholar Xing Bing to explain "virtue"，That is, "the virtuous one"，Deye，what creatures get at their birth is called their virtue。Here，"德" and "德" have the same pronunciation，means to "obtain" or "succeed" in something，Related to the personality of the king at the level of political legitimacy，Get the support of "Destiny" and the divine power of ancestors for Confucian moral governance。In documents such as "The Book of Songs" and "Book of Rites"，"Destiny" is connected with King Wen's virtue，Both are at the level of inner "morality" of rationalization and moralization，Reflection on the gains and losses of people’s governance。

And bet365 best casino games chose to translate "virtue" into "virtue"，Because it comes from the Latin word "virtus"，One of the meanings of "virtus" is "puissance"。This corresponds to the word "virtu" used in the Italian political thinker and historian Machiavelli's "The Prince" to discuss the virtues of kings，Refers to a power that makes people admire and awe。In this sense，"Wang De"，That is, the spiritual or moral dominance or charisma from the king，Guaranteed the king’s moral governance: “For example, Beichen，Stay there and be surrounded by stars。”Therefore，"De" is interpreted as the moral strength of the rulers in "Government with virtue"，It can have an impact from the top down，Can be turned into folk customs，To make the people do good things day by day without knowing it，Ultimately achieve the rule of vertical arch、People’s self-government。

In addition，When quoting the discussion about the relationship between the people and the politicians in the chapter "Everyone in the world is with you" in "Mencius: King Hui of Liang"，bet365 best casino games used “shepherd of men” to refer to “those who govern”。He is the shepherd and the flock、The relationship between the king and the people is compared to the relationship between the seedlings and the sun, rain and dew，It is believed that the growth of grain seedlings depends on moisture from rain and dew，In the course of nature，A gentleman should be virtuous and nourish the people like "the wind on the grass，Must die"；Just like the sheep trusting and following the shepherd，The use of political power should also be done naturally in a moral way that is not easy to detect。

　　Identify the bet365 best casino games Doubt the possibility

When translating "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" and discussing why Shun was able to achieve rule by doing nothing，bet365 best casino games proposed that the "grave and sage example" is of great significance to the realization of vertical governance，Believe that the personal character of the ruler has the power of moral example，On the basis of “self-righteousness”，Produces the effect of "gentleman"。While translating "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu" chapter "Politics，正也。Zi Shuai Yizheng，Who dares to be wrong？”One chapter，bet365 best casino games translated "正" as "rectify"，Emphasizing that those in power are in charge of government means first "rectifying themselves" and then "rectifying people"，Can those in higher positions lead by example，Whether political operations comply with certain moral requirements，Directly related to the success or failure of governance activities。

In addition，When writing the academic preface to the English translation of The Analects，bet365 best casino games discussed Confucius’s views on politics，And cites three cases in which Confucius responded to Ji Kangzi's political inquiry in "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan"，Explains the impact of "righteousness" or "greed" on politicians。He specifically pointed out，The exemplary role and influence of superiors emphasized by Confucius，In fact, it is also a requirement for the family and even the church。To illustrate this，bet365 best casino games quoted the Bible verse to mean “bishop”，Must be blameless”，And take the meaning of “bishop” as “overseer” as an example，Explains the moral role model of superiors。bet365 best casino games thinks，At the "supervision" level，“bishop” means “custody” and “supervision”。The Bible verses clearly require church pastors to have strict self-discipline，Nothing to criticize，Must be "blameless"。

According to bet365 best casino games，Confucius’s discussion about the effect of superiority and inferiority is by no means empty talk。He contacted the specific situation in Britain at that time，Criticize the government, especially the military, for not paying attention to the power of role models。For example，During the British Bourgeois Revolution，Cromwell proposed that all members of both houses of Parliament should "restrain themselves and their private interests for the sake of the public interest"，And prompted the British Parliament to pass the "Self-denying Ordinance"，Exclusion of members of Parliament from civil and military positions。But Cromwell finally obtained the actual command of the "New Model Army" as a lieutenant general，Becomes the only person under the Self-Restraint Act to hold positions in both the army and parliament。This has led to the "Self-Restraint Act" being ridiculed and controversial in the UK。bet365 best casino games believed that this incident reflected the importance of the ruler’s personal virtue。

It’s worth noting，Although Legge affirmed the rationality of Confucius’ proposal of “governing with virtue”，But he also questioned the possibility of independent existence of ethics and morality in Confucius’ political outlook，Expressed a considerable degree of doubt。bet365 best casino games thinks，Although Confucius discussed politics based on virtue，But how to cultivate the personal virtues of politicians，But only the "Qi Ming Shengfu" in "The Doctrine of the Mean"，Irresistible，So it’s about self-cultivation”，This way of cultivating moral character is flawed。The reason why Legge had such an idea，On the one hand, it is because in his opinion, "Qi Ming is in full dress，Indecent behavior” puts too much emphasis on the external and superficial form。Even if it does make people feel awe，But we must reach the state of integrity，It is beyond human power；On the other hand, it is also because of this kind of comparison between the purity of heart and piety during fasting and the solemn and neat dress，And no distinction is made in degree、The approach of treating everything as a matter of course，It’s a very strange thing for Westerners。In addition，What is particularly puzzling to bet365 best casino games，Why Confucius did not pay special attention to the interference and obstruction of the inherent "evil" tendencies in human nature to people's pursuit of goodness，I just optimistically believe in the moral appeal of "the virtue of a gentleman"。

As a true “other”，bet365 best casino games translated Chinese classics into English and connected similar concepts in Chinese and Western cultural concept systems，To some extent, it narrows the distance between Chinese classical philosophy and Western "otherness" thought and culture，Turn seemingly opposite poles into partners who can talk，In its unique comparative perspective，The similar public appeal of “Government with virtue”，Appeared in both Eastern and Western intellectual traditions；And the problem he raised was that Confucius’s “virtuous government” thought was too idealistic，It can also stimulate our thinking，This is for mutual understanding between different cultural and ideological traditions，Has certain reference value。

(Author’s unit: International College of Renmin University of bet365 best casino games)