"Paris Agreement" states，Achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of the 21st century，can reduce the risks posed by climate change，More and more countries are formulating relevant national strategies accordingly。November 2020，The Canadian government also submitted draft legislation，Proposed to achieve net zero emissions by 2050。As one of the world’s major producers of high-carbon energy，Canada must first solve the problem of decarbonization of the energy industry。bet365 bonus code pa Energy as a Cleaner、Efficient、Sustainable energy，Provides an effective decarbonization path for industries that are difficult to decarbonize。For this，Canada will develop the bet365 bonus code pa energy industry as a strategic priority，Aims to diversify the energy structure and achieve "carbon neutrality" by 2050。

　International and domestic environmentPrompt the introduction of bet365 bonus code pa energy strategy

Since the second decade of the 21st century，The world has announced renewable energy bet365 bonus code pa production projects totaling more than 150 billion US dollars, namely "green bet365 bonus code pa" projects。According to prediction，By 2050, the annual turnover of the global bet365 bonus code pa industry will reach 700 billion US dollars。Russian Ministry of Finance estimate，In 2050, the annual global bet365 bonus code pa energy consumption will reach 1.500 million-1.600 million tons。Europe plans to increase its capacity to produce renewable bet365 bonus code pa sixfold by 2024。Japan、South Korea、Australia and other countries have also introduced bet365 bonus code pa energy strategies for 2050，Seeking to expand the use of bet365 bonus code pa energy。

Half of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions are caused by gasoline、Related to the end use of diesel and aviation fuel，To achieve net-zero emissions targets，There is a need to replace carbon-based fuels with zero-carbon energy carriers。The Canadian Government believes that，bet365 bonus code pa is expected to play an important role in fulfilling its relevant commitments and guarantees to achieve "carbon neutrality" by 2050。At the same time，Developing a bet365 bonus code pa industry could also help Canada maintain its position in global energy production，Coping with risks and challenges in the energy sector，Bringing new growth impetus to the Canadian economy。For oil sands producers，Reduce carbon emissions by using bet365 bonus code pa，It can also help them retain their crude oil market share and continue to obtain investment。

Canada is one of the lowest-cost countries in the world to produce zero- or low-carbon bet365 bonus code pa。In provinces with sufficient low-carbon electricity，Production of “green bet365 bonus code pa” through electrolysis of water，The price is 2 per kilogram.5—5.>64_word_end<。Low cost in natural gas、Provinces with geological conditions suitable for permanent carbon dioxide storage，Production of “blue bet365 bonus code pa” from natural gas，bet365 bonus code pa produced from natural gas through steam methane reforming or autothermal steam reforming，The price is 1 per kilogram.5—2.>64_word_end<。The wholesale cost of “blue bet365 bonus code pa” is half that of diesel，Retail cost is 1/3 of diesel。Therefore，When the demand scale is large enough，Canada can rely on its abundant “blue bet365 bonus code pa” and “green bet365 bonus code pa” production resources，Gain returns to scale from bet365 bonus code pa production。

　　Use your own advantages to develop bet365 bonus code pa energy industry

In December 2020, the Canadian federal government released the National bet365 bonus code pa Energy Strategy，Aims to promote bet365 bonus code pa energy production and the use and export of clean bet365 bonus code pa。This strategy complements relevant plans across Canada，Co-planned Canada’s bet365 bonus code pa future。

Canada plans to establish a regional bet365 bonus code pa energy center in the country，Utilize the regional advantages of different regions to promote bet365 bonus code pa energy production and utilization，Hope to achieve 3 goals by 2050，First, meet 30% of Canada’s energy needs with clean bet365 bonus code pa，The second is to become one of the three largest producers of clean bet365 bonus code pa in the world，The third is to become the world’s preferred bet365 bonus code pa supplier。In order to achieve the above goals，Canada has formulated a “three-step” roadmap。In the short term (2020-2025), focus on laying the foundation，Including the development of regional and provincial bet365 bonus code pa roadmaps、Identifying candidate sites for bet365 bonus code pa hubs、Planning and developing new bet365 bonus code pa supply and distribution infrastructure，Implement bet365 bonus code pa application pilot or demonstration projects。Enter the “growth and diversification” phase in the medium term (2025-2030): Existing bet365 bonus code pa hubs continue to expand，Start a new hub at the same time，Enhancing connections between hubs，Promote the commercial promotion and utilization of mature technologies，Pursuing the highest value of bet365 bonus code pa。The long-term stage (2030-2050) focuses on expanding the scope of use of bet365 bonus code pa energy technology，Showcase the strengths of Canada’s bet365 bonus code pa energy industry，Including a significant increase in the number of bet365 bonus code pa-powered transportation fleets、Use special pipelines and increase the bet365 bonus code pa content of natural gas、Promote other innovations, etc.。

The Canadian federal government believes that，Many areas in the country can use their own unique resources to produce bet365 bonus code pa、Deploying bet365 bonus code pa energy industry，And provide energy for growing export markets。In Quebec、Ontario、Provinces with excess renewable energy or nuclear energy, such as Manitoba，bet365 bonus code pa can be produced by electrolyzing water。In the Province of Alberta (also translated as "Alberta")、British Columbia and Saskatchewan，Can be achieved by upgrading natural gas or other fossil fuels with carbon capture、bet365 bonus code pa production using and storage technology。Alberta released the Natural Gas Vision and Strategy in October 2020，Indicates that it will make full use of the industrial heartland and existing infrastructure，Implementing the strategy of large-scale bet365 bonus code pa production from natural gas，With the aim of exporting clean bet365 bonus code pa by 2040。The Canadian federal government is trying to promote the inclusion of bet365 bonus code pa energy in clean energy roadmaps at all levels of government。

Canada released the “Healthy Environment and Healthy Economy” plan，Intends to invest billion to accelerate climate action。The plan proposes 3 important issues, namely enhancing carbon pricing、Investment in low-carbon and energy-saving infrastructure、Investment in low- and zero-emission vehicles。Canadian federal government plans to invest 1.C0 million to build and renovate gas stations、Gas Station，Invest CAD.5 billion to establish low-carbon and zero-emission fuels fund，Investment 2.CAD 8.7 billion to support zero-emission vehicle incentive program，Also considering 100% tax relief for commercial low- and zero-emission vehicles。

To gain competitive advantage and global leadership in bet365 bonus code pa and fuel cell technologies，The Canadian government attaches great importance to supporting relevant research and development activities，Actively promote cooperation among various stakeholders。In addition，Canada also hopes to strategically leverage existing and new partnerships，Promoting the use of clean fuels globally。

　　Opportunities and challenges coexist

From the perspective of production factors，Canada can develop a competitive and sustainable bet365 bonus code pa industry。In terms of use，bet365 bonus code pa can become a widely used energy and raw material in industrial production。For example，bet365 bonus code pa is an important component of oil sands upgrade，Can be used to decarbonize steel production。In distribution and storage，Canada has a relatively mature natural gas pipeline network，Many innovations have also been made in the distribution and storage of bet365 bonus code pa。These are all conducive to the development of bet365 bonus code pa energy industry in Canada。

Canada is one of the low-cost providers of low-carbon or zero-carbon bet365 bonus code pa，Its fuel cell and electrolyser manufacturing capabilities have also been internationally recognized。Canada can keep bet365 bonus code pa production costs low，Alberta in particular is a global leader in the production of low or zero carbon bet365 bonus code pa。Alberta has low-cost natural gas and geological conditions that facilitate CO2 capture，Conducive to the production of bet365 bonus code pa，There are still a lot of abandoned ones in the province、Disconnected natural gas pipelines and discontinuous jet fuel pipelines，Conducive to the transportation and storage of bet365 bonus code pa。Alberta produces “gray bet365 bonus code pa” primarily by reforming steam methane from natural gas，Convert "grey bet365 bonus code pa" into "blue bet365 bonus code pa"，Through technological innovation and emission reduction planning arrangements，The price of “blue bet365 bonus code pa” in the province can be further reduced，Bring greater competitive advantage。

Canada’s bet365 bonus code pa still has great export potential and market。Relevant research reports show，With the adjustment of US energy policy，Although its demand for Canadian natural gas will decrease，But demand for bet365 bonus code pa may increase，The potential market for bet365 bonus code pa fuel in the United States is expected to be approximately 31,000 tons per day in the future，The entire North American market is expected to reach 121,000 tons per day，Canada could convert pipelines currently used to carry exported natural gas to carry bet365 bonus code pa。

Although Canada is rich in raw materials、More mature energy companies and advanced technology，But there are still many challenges to be faced in developing the bet365 bonus code pa energy industry。First，“Vicious cycle” hinders the large-scale use of bet365 bonus code pa and the development of the bet365 bonus code pa energy industry in Canada。Insufficient infrastructure，Limits the demand for bet365 bonus code pa vehicles and the production scale of bet365 bonus code pa vehicles，Resulting in high prices for bet365 bonus code pa vehicles，Also increases the construction and operating costs of small-capacity hydrogenation stations，Making bet365 bonus code pa vehicles more difficult to popularize，Formation of a “vicious cycle”。Need to increase subsidies for bet365 bonus code pa fuel cell electric heavy vehicle fleets and high-capacity bet365 bonus code pa fueling stations，Promote the scale of production and consumption of bet365 bonus code pa energy vehicles。Secondly，bet365 bonus code pa production and transportation technology still faces a series of bottlenecks。bet365 bonus code pa corrodes metal，This poses a challenge to bet365 bonus code pa doping of natural gas，How to solve the problem of bet365 bonus code pa mixing restrictions in natural gas pipelines，How to transform existing natural gas pipelines to establish a bet365 bonus code pa pipeline network, etc.，It is still a difficult problem to be solved。To fill the regulatory gap，Need to strengthen cooperation，Increase investment in bet365 bonus code pa energy technology research and development and related infrastructure construction。Finally，Canada’s bet365 bonus code pa energy strategy has just begun，Regulations that can comprehensively regulate the development and use of bet365 bonus code pa energy have not yet been formulated，In clear and specific、Targeted financial incentives are also insufficient，Uncertainty of long-term policy signals will affect investors’ investment enthusiasm。In addition，Unbalanced energy distribution in Canada，Making low-carbon bet365 bonus code pa supply limited and difficult to obtain in many provinces，Not conducive to the commercial promotion of bet365 bonus code pa energy。

(Author’s unit: Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)