Village Xingzhi State Xing，Country decay in rural areas。The connotation of the strategy of rural revitalization is to adhere to the priority development of agricultural and rural areas，According to the industrial prosperity、Ecological livable、Township Wind Civilization、Effective governance、General requirements for wealthy life，Establish and improve the urban and rural integration development system mechanism and policy system，Constantly expand the channels for farmers' income increase，Comprehensively improve rural production and living conditions。After economic development to a certain stage，Almost without exception, facing agricultural recession、Village withering and other problems，Therefore, a series of revitalization policies have been introduced，Stimulate the development of rural revitalization。

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Japan's rural revitalization policy system can be divided into two major stages from the timeline。In the first stage, the "Basic Law of Agricultural Basic Agricultural Law" (revised in 1978) was issued in 1961 as the starting point，Its main policy goal is to solve the problem of uneven urban and rural development，Reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents。In the second stage, the "Food · Agriculture · Rural Basic Law" (also known as the Basic Agricultural Basic Law，Abolition of the Basic Law of 1961 at the same time) is the starting point，For the first time, "Rural Revitalization" is listed as the main policy goal，Prerequisites with the sustainable agricultural development，Repair agricultural production conditions and rural living environment，Improving the welfare of rural residents' life。

The first stage (1961-1999)，To promote and cooperate with the implementation bet365 best casino games of the Basic Agricultural Law，The Japanese government changes according to the social and economic development and the situation in the rural agricultural situation，successively revised and introduced the "Agricultural Land Law", "Restrictions of Outdency", "Mountain Village Revitalization Law", "Peninsula Revitalization Law", "Promoting the Basic Reading Law of Agricultural and Forestry Development in specific agricultural villages" Such as relevant to revitalize the laws and regulations of rural agriculture，Clarified the policy goals of different agricultural development in different regions，It indicates a new way for the development of rural agriculture，It provides a solid institutional guarantee for the protection of rural revitalization。"Basic Agriculture Law" In addition to proposing the general rules of national agricultural policy targets，Specific also includes the following rules。1 is to expand agricultural production。Adopt the basis of strengthening agricultural production、Improve the level of agricultural technology、Increase capital equipment、Adjusting a series of necessary measures such as agricultural production，Expand agricultural production、Improve agricultural productivity、Increase the total agricultural output。Second is to stabilize agricultural products。From production supply and demand、Comprehensive consideration of prices and other economic situations，Stable main agricultural product price。Third is to improve the agricultural structure。Through the development of family agricultural operations and cultivating independent business farmers、Encourage agricultural cooperative combination to promote agricultural business collaboration、Enrich education to increase rural employment opportunities、Guidance promotes a series of measures such as agricultural business modernization，Promote the improvement of agricultural structure。

The second stage (1999 to the present)，With Japanese industrialization、further deepening the process bet365 live casino games of urbanization and international trade liberalization，The domestic and foreign environments faced by rural agricultural development are becoming increasingly severe。Continuous decrease in the area of ​​cultivated land、The continuous decline in the self -sufficiency rate of food、Agio aging of agricultural labor、Deficiency factors such as the deterioration of the production and living environment brought by the decrease in rural population，Forced Japan to adjust the rural revitalization strategy again。July 1999，To ensure food safety and high quality and stable supply、Protect the natural environment and traditional culture of the country、Agricultural sustainable and natural circulation development、Four concepts of improving agricultural production conditions and rural residential environment as guidance，Japan introduced food for 21st century food、Agriculture、New Agricultural Basic Law of the Basic Policy of Rural Policy- "Food · Agriculture · Rural Basic Law"。The New Agricultural Basic Law breaks through the old law and is limited to agricultural production、Price and circulation、Limitation of agricultural structure，Examine the safety of food with a wider field of vision、Agricultural production、A series of problems in rural livable，Emphasize the multifunctional and sustainable development of agriculture，Take the comprehensive improvement of the rural living environment and the revitalization of regional characteristics as the main goal of the policy。Compared with the old method，"Food · Agriculture · Rural Basic Law" has made the following revisions and improvement on the rules。First to ensure stable food supply。Efforts to improve the self -sufficiency rate of food，Use it as the primary task for future Japanese agricultural development。Second, based on the sustainable agricultural development。Build a stable and efficient agricultural structure system，Support agricultural intensive operation，Ensure that the cultivated land is fully effective and effective。bet365 best casino games Third is to comprehensively promote rural revitalization。Pay attention to the adjustment and balance of rural agricultural land and other land，Create a comfortable and beautiful rural living environment，Further strengthen traffic in rural areas、Construction of facilities such as communication，Improve the welfare level of rural residents。

To ensure the realization of the goals of rural revitalization policies，The Ministry of Land, Forestry and Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Film and Film, Ministry of Land and Transport、Ministry of Labor and Ministry of Laborization、Environmental province、Economic and Industry Establishment Establishment Rural Rejuvenation Joint Conference Mechanism，Coordinate and guide the overall planning of rural rejuvenation; set up a rural revitalization bureau in the province of agriculture, forestry and aquatic products，Organize the implementation of relevant rural revitalization projects，Coordinated coordination and coordinating policy resources of various departments，Promoting the Rural Revitalization Movement。"Food · Agricultural · Rural Basic Law" also emphasizes，Government departments should be based on food、Agriculture、Evaluation Report on the changes in rural situation and policy implementation effect，Amended every five years in principle。As of now，This bill has been revised four times，other related bills in this field constitute the core policy system of rural revitalization in Japan。

To ensure financial services to support rural revitalization，Japan has built a cooperative rural central vault、Policy Agricultural Forestry and Fisheries Financial Treasury and other financial institutions including credit guarantees and insurance for agriculture，Provide valid financial services to the rural market。2008，The Japanese government will give the National Life Financial Treasury、SME Finance Treasury、Three policy financial institutions of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries bet365 best casino games Financial Treasury merger，New Japan Policy Finance Treasury，Provides long -term stable loans for the achievement of food stability and the sustainable development of the agricultural and forestry and water industry。

　　The effectiveness of the policy of rural revitalization in Japan

Japan's implementation of the rural revitalization strategy before and after 60 years，Different strategic goals at different stages，and have achieved certain results。

First, the gap between urban and rural income is constantly narrowing，Even urban and rural income deficit distances appear。1999, introduced by the Basic Agricultural Basic Law，The average income of Japanese farmers is about 1.3 times the wage family of the urban circle，The per capita income of farmers is about 1.1 times of the working class of the urban circle，The policy goals of the income gap between urban and rural residents' income in the Basic Agricultural Basic Law have been achieved。

Second, the decline in the self -sufficiency rate of food tends to be stable，Basically achieve stable supply target。Especially the self -sufficiency rate of grain based on calories was quickly declined from 73%to 53%between 1965 and 1985，1999-2019 basically stabilized at about 40%; after the New Agricultural Basic Law was promulgated，The self -sufficiency rate of grain based on the production amount has also maintained a relatively stable state，No big fluctuations appear。

Third is the degree of intensive agricultural land increasing，The level of agricultural modernization continues to increase。In 2020, Japanese farmers held an average of 3.1 hectares，increased by 20%over 2015，The utilization rate of cultivated land reaches 91%，The phenomenon of the agricultural land is suppressed to a certain extent。

Fourth, the main body of agricultural operations is continuously enriched，Return to the rural trend continuously expand。In recent years，Labor who returned to the countryside to return farmers continued to increase with an average annual scale of about 60,000; after graduation of agricultural, agricultural and forestry college students，The proportion of farming bet365 Play online games has also been maintained at about 55%; the number of agricultural business entities in legalization is also increasing year by year，For the promotion of sustainable agricultural development、Revitalizing the rural economy has played a certain role。

　problems existing in the policy of rural revitalization in Japan

Although the Japanese rural revitalization policy has achieved certain results，But it has not fundamentally resolved rural agricultural recession、The phenomenon of the villages withered。

First, the increase in farmers' income mainly depends on sideline income。The income from the farmers from the agricultural and forestry and water industry is still in a relatively low state，In 2019, the farmers and forestry and water industry in rural areas in Japan are 2.2 times the income from the agricultural and forestry and water industry，The stable growth mechanism based on the main business of the agricultural and forestry and water production industry needs to be further improved。

Second, there is still a certain gap between the goal set by the overall food self -sufficiency.。The target value requirements of 2030 rose to 45%at the benchmark as the benchmark.，The production amount is 75%。From the perspective of the overall grain self -sufficiency rate after the promulgation of the Basic Agriculture Law，There is a certain difficulty to achieve the target value of 2030。

Third, the continuous reduction and aging of agricultural workers still have not improved。Agricultural business households in 2020 decreased by 1.076 million households，The decline ratio is as high as 22 %。The number of basic agricultural workers in 2020 is 1.363 million、The average age is 67.8 years，Compared with 2010，Average age increases by 2 years、The number of workers decreased by 34 %，Rural revitalization lacks sufficient labor support。

Fourth, the rural living environment in the mountains is bad，The effectiveness of the revitalization work is not high。The overall aging level of rural residents in Japan is 20 years earlier than the urban circle，Among them, rural residents in the mountains are more serious。Decreased population and lack of subsequent Bet365 lotto review agricultural talents form a vicious circle，The rural production and living environment in the mountains continues to deteriorate，Public service supply cannot be guaranteed，The problem of withering is still severe。

(This article is the 2018-2019 high -level talent and youthful talent visits and training projects (Japanese visits) in Fujian Province (Japan's Visiting Rural Rejuvenation and Development Opportunities and Challenges ")

(Author Unit: College of Finance, Jiangxia College, Fujian)