Current，Different types of medical security systems are implemented around the world。For more than 100 years of history since the birth of the global medical security system，Main four modes。First is a British -style national medical insurance，Second, American -style commercial medical insurance，Third is German social medical insurance，Fourth is Singapore -style savings medical insurance。According to the definition of the World Health Organization，The purpose of medical security is to improve people's health，Provide funds for people to seek medical treatment，Fully meet people's needs for medical services and health。So，Forming a reasonable medical security system is a basic task of governments in various countries。Singapore in the process of construction of the medical security system，Explore the medical security system that meets the national conditions，Make Singapore's medical and health system operating efficiently，Its medical response ability、Per capita expectations of life、National indicators such as national recognition also ranks among the top in various rankings in the world。

　　Bet365 lotto review

Singapore's medical security system before 1974 adopted a British national medical insurance model，The basic feature of this mode is the medical expenses of the state to take on members of society，All social members enjoy free medical treatment，As a result, the cost of medical and health costs increased sharply。This forced Singapore to reintegrate the previous medical security policy，Reform it for it，and explore the world's first savings medical security system，Change the mode of recruiting medical expenses in the bet365 best casino games past，Instead of emphasizing that individuals are responsible for their own health。The government cannot fully bear all the medical expenses of the citizen，Instead, provide and guarantee basic medical services。This is to relieve and control medical costs。Later，The Singapore government has continuously improved its own medical security system，Gradually established a health savings plan (Medisave)、Medishield (Medishield)、MediFund's medical security system，Also known as the "3M Plan"，Promote the efficient operation of the Singapore medical security system。

First，The health savings plan was established by the Singapore government in 1984，Covering all the staff。The health savings plan is the basis of the Singapore medical security system，It is a mandatory savings plan，Its specific practice is to open an account in the personal central provident fund，That is the health savings account，Used for medical and health expenses and medical insurance expenditures。In terms of funding，The cost of health savings pays the employee、Employer completed together，Employees and employers pay fees in accordance with the requirements of the government，Different types、Employees of different ages implement different payment rates。The Singapore government also sets up the upper limit and lower limit for the total amount of the amount of payment for the health savings account，The payment of the upper limit amount will be transferred to other accounts of the central provident fund。The use of funds for health savings account，The government formulates guidelines，and make timely adjustments according to the medical environment and national medical needs，Constantly meet people’s medical and health services。At the same time，Allow personal direct relatives (spouse、bet365 best casino games Parents and children) Use each other's health savings funds，But the government also strictly controls the use of health savings funds，Not only the affordability of people's basic medical and health services，Preventing excessive medical phenomena，Avoid the health savings funds prematurely。Last，The Singapore government is based on people's income，"Advantage"，It is mainly facing low and medium income and people over 45 years old，Submit funding for it，Used to subsidize medical and health expenditures。

Second，Health Insurance Double Complete Plan was founded in 1990，It is suitable for the central provident fund insured person and their families，Implementation concept is a patient who helps patients who need long -term treatment or a major diseases needed for huge medical expenses。Patients with long -term treatment need to bear high medical expenses，This will not only add family overhead，And it will exhaust health savings。So，Health Insurance Double Full Plan can ensure that this group can still obtain medical and health services。Actually，Health Insurance Double Full Plan automatically covers all nationals，Unless personal request to withdraw，More than 90%of the people participate in insurance，But the Singapore government is still working hard to improve the coverage，Fight for the participation of the whole people。In terms of fundraising，Participants of the Health Insurance Double Plan pay a certain premium every year，Set gradient premiums according to the age of the insured，Premiums generally increase with age。In terms of the use of health insurance doubles，3438_3464。At the same time，The Health Insurance Double Full Plan also allows to receive chemotherapy in a specific outpatient clinic、radiotherapy、Compensation for the treatment projects bet365 live casino games such as kidney dialysis，It also provides compensation for patients who transfer to community hospitals for rehabilitation after the termination of intensive care。The Singapore Government has formulated a strict compensation mechanism for the use of Health Insurance Double Plan，The design concept of the plan is to emphasize the responsibility of individuals for their own health，and respect refined management，Reduce the pressure of medical expenditure of individuals and government。

third，Health Fund Plan is a donation fund established by the Singapore government in 1993，Help those poor patients who have been unable to afford medical expenses after compensation have been compensated by the health savings plan and the health insurance doubles。The health care fund plan enables the poorest people in Singapore to get a certain degree of medical service guarantee，This plan constitutes their last security barrier。In terms of fundraising，At first the Singapore government injected 200 million yuan in funds，and allocate funds to the Health Fund according to the actual situation。Later，In order to improve the targeted use of health care funds，On the basis，To protect the rights and interests of the elderly and children。Patients who enjoy the funding of health care funds must be Singapore citizens，Patients and their families can only accept government subsidies、Using health savings and health insurance dual -plan plans can still not bear medical expenses，and receive treatment at a medical institution designated at the health care fund。Patients who meet the above conditions will get rescue，Patients can seek help from the medical social workers of the designated institution，Under their guidance, submit a health care fund funding application，The Health Fund Committee of relevant institutions Bet365 app download for review，Give approval or rejection。

　Make sure the medical security system is effective in operation

widely existing information asymmetry in the field of medical and health、Diverse interest subjects，Different demands cause the main body of interest to play with each other。The outstanding interest contradiction will make the policy formulation and implementation of the medical and health field more difficult，It is difficult to balance the supply of medical and health services，The interests of the diverse subject in the end。The high efficiency of the operation of Singapore's medical and health system is recognized by the world，A key factor is that its fair medical security system meets the government、Personal、Reasonable demands from all parties such as medical institutions。Converse，The win -win situation of the diverse subject has promoted the effective operation of Singapore's medical system。First, insist on government -led，Multi -subject participating in the construction of the medical security system。Singapore is a strong government、Countries that coexist in society，Promote the "authoritative type" political system，Its government execution is strong，and have a mature civil society atmosphere，Multi -culture bred cooperation、Consultation、National values ​​of consensus。These factors are government、Market、Social Organization and Nationals Participate in the formulation of the medical security system、Conditions have been implemented。First，The government invests funds for the healthcare system，Make sure the normal operation of the medical and health system，People can get basic medical and health services。Next，Diverse subjects participating in Bet365 app download the formulation of relevant policies for medical and health services，Let all parties ask for demands。again，Through the formulation of relevant laws and regulations，Guide and stipulate the behavior of interest subjects，and supervise and manage the operation of the medical and health system。Multi -subject participating in the medical security system，prompting the government to better integrate and coordinate the interest relationship of multiple subjects in the intricate medical and health field，Break the gap between the diverse subjects，Take into account the interests of all parties，Seeking efficient operation of the medical security system。

Second, refined management of the medical security system。Generally speaking，Maintain or obtain high -quality medical services requires high costs，Many developed economies in the world have to face the rising medical costs in order to ensure the quality of medical care。，Singapore on the premise that the medical quality is not reduced，Its medical cost expenditure remains stable in general。This is due to the refined management of the Singapore medical security system，Whether it is a funding mechanism，still payment method。In terms of fundraising，In addition to setting up a health savings plan、Health Insurance Double Complete Plan and Health Fund Plan，Elder Shield and allow private health insurance to join the medical security system，and according to the occupation of the insured、Income、Age and other conditions Set the payment rate。In terms of use，List specific medical service items，Formulate a detailed compensation mechanism，The purpose is to control the unreasonable growth of medical expenses，Eliminate over -medical or improper medical treatment。

Third is to emphasize personal awareness of responsibility for your own health。Singapore proposed five goals in the white paper "Affordable Medical" published in 1993，The second goal is to advocate that individuals are responsible for their own health，Avoid excessive dependence on national benefits and third -party medical insurance。Bet365 lotto review So，The design concept of the Singapore medical security system is to fully integrate into the health consciousness of "personal responsibility"。Watch its funding and guarantee system operation，Emphasize that the country and individuals jointly capital contribute to enjoy medical and health services，Make Singapore compared to other developed countries，Maintain a lower level of public expenditure。

(Author Unit: College of Marxism, Fujian Normal University)