Eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor、Promoting common development is a common challenge facing human society。Nordic countries implement a variety of policies to provide social security for various groups，Promoting common development，and achieved certain results，Its policy and measures are worth analysis and research。

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To reduce group differences，Nordic countries with national insurance，Provide people with free or low -cost public services for people。Related services include，Provide housing and medical services and equalization of the whole people; provide childcare allowances for families with children，To reduce the burden of parenting; implement the employment market policy with high employment rate as the core。

To effectively solve the problem of poverty of the elderly population，The Danish government has made special arrangements in the pension system，Established the employment market supplementary pension (ATP) system，The employment market supplement pension in Danish's entire pension guarantee system is not large，But basically achieved the full coverage of the country's elderly population。Denmark set up the employment market to supplement pensions mainly to avoid continuing the income inequality that people may exist during their working periods，Reduce the gap between the rich and the poor between the elderly。Employment market supplement pension pension uses a fixed payment system，2/3 by the employer pays premiums，Employees pay 1/3，For some qualified disadvantaged groups，The government can use public bet365 Play online games funds to pay most of the premiums for it。Insureders can receive the employment market in their name at the age of 65 to supplement pensions，This income has become one of the most important economic sources of the elderly in Denmark。other，In order to adjust the gap between the rich and the poor in order to regulate the gap between the rich and the poor，Pension recipients must accept income verification，If its annual income exceeds 75%of the average social salary，Pension distribution institutions will deduct their pensions according to the degree of excess，Most of the funds deducted will be added to the low -income elderly population。These measures make Danish 65 years old and above. Poverty alleviation rates are 9.3 percentage points lower than the average level of economic cooperation and development organizations，About 7 percentage points lower than Sweden, which is also in the Nordic region，It is far lower than beauty、English、Day、Korean and other countries。Not only that，The poverty rate of the elderly population in Denmark is still lower than the poverty rate of all its population，And in many countries, there are problems with the rate of poverty alleviation in the elderly than the poverty rate of the population of the young people。From this perspective，Denmark's pension guarantee system has better realized the protection goal of reducing elderly poverty。Although the development of population aging，Denmark's job market supplement pension is also facing a certain amount of payment pressure，But it has maintained a stable source of income through good operation and management，There is no payment crisis。

In order to stabilize wage income、Promoting employment、Eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor，Norway has established bet365 Play online games a social welfare system that is highly associated with employment policy。Norwegian public institutions will follow up to understand education in time、Medical and Health、The vacancy of employment in the field of community services and other social welfare fields，and provide relevant employment positions to the employment market，To support the employment of disadvantaged groups，Reduce the unemployment rate。The Norwegian government has adopted a series of employment market policy tools that aim to improve employment rates，If a temporary employment plan、Lifetime employment plan、Salary subsidy plan, etc.;，Comprehensive measures such as re -training and new human resources reserves，Improve the re -employment capacity and market competitiveness of the unemployed; also stipulates that the recipients of unemployment allowances must receive the skills training arranged by the government，and prove that I am actively looking for work。In order to promote fairness while promoting employment，Relevant agencies in Norway are guided by controlling the elements of credit and investment、Affecting wage level and employment，It mainly maintains a large number of employment and lower salary levels at the same time，with a view to bringing more new employment opportunities through salary constraints; on the other hand, implementing policies such as wage deferred，Promote the improvement of future social welfare to promote more re -enable operators to accept the current salary limit and job arrangement，Then ensure the income level of most people。

Sweden, who is also a Nordic country, passed a positive employment policy，bet365 best casino games personal activity employment plan for the implementation of the system，If the unemployed person does not join the personal activity employment plan，I will not be able to obtain unemployment allowances。The Swedish government provides the unemployed training allowance to the unemployment benefits，and organize them to participate in vocational skills training，Help the unemployed to find a new job，Maintain a higher employment rate，It also guarantees the basic development rights and interests of the low -income population。

　　Pay attention to narrowing income gaps

While promoting economic growth，Nordic countries attach more attention to the equalization of residents' income distribution。On the one hand，By increasing income tax rates and social insurance premiums，Reduce the disposable income of those with high income; on the other hand，Improve the disposable income of social welfare level and low -income population，Effectively reduced its Gini coefficient。

In Sweden，Government usually will not directly involve in internal wage consultation，Instead, the employer and employee negotiate the salary、vacation、job training and other related treatment。In this field，The main role of the government is to negotiate with the cooperative employer association and the employee association to determine the nationwide、Industrial overall salary standard，The results of this three -party consultation are binding to employees and employers，The government has power such as supervision and controversial ruling。This wage formation mechanism makes the wage level and its growth rate within the enterprise and the industry more stable，The wages between different industries are not large。

Nordic countries generally attach great importance to the use of tax systems and welfare arrangements to regulate income level differences between people and even different regions。Nordic countries will levy high income tax from bet365 Play online games high -income groups，and through unemployment insurance、Social assistance to transfer wealth to unemployed or low -income population，to reduce the scale of low -income population。Due to economic conditions and development gaps between regions，Different tax rates in Northern Europe，The gap between the highest tax rate and the lowest person can reach 9 percentage points。Public financial income in some places is not enough to meet their expenditure demand，In this case, they can get income returns and subsidies from the central and higher governments。Nordic countries often pass the overall plan、Transfer payment、Regional tax and loan discounts with low levels of industrialization，Gap between the rich and poor between the regions。Sweden、Norwegian、Denmark and other Nordic countries also reduce the tax burden of people and enterprises by reducing measures such as income tax rates，At the same time, make up for the shortcomings of the traditional welfare system，Not only achieved bright results in economic development，It also enables its welfare system to gain sustainable development of new vitality。

　　Get positive results

Through the implementation of various social security and income distribution policies，Nordic countries have achieved certain results in promoting common development。First，The construction of a social security system promoted the improvement of population quality，Stimulated economic innovation vitality。On the one hand，More comprehensive、The public services of inclusive provide important guarantees for the people，improved population quality，promoted the comprehensive development of people。On the other hand，Social Security Network can provide people with basic guarantees，Bet365 lotto review reduces the destructive damage caused by the failure of entrepreneurship，Reduced the worries of the entrepreneurs，It is conducive to stimulating the vitality of innovation and entrepreneurship，Effectively promote the industrial upgrade of Northern Europe，and in turn provide economic support for its high welfare social security system。In the relevant system、Under the promotion and guarantee of policy，Life Sciences in Nordic countries、Green Energy、Information, communication and other industries are at the world's leading level，The average value of the total energy consumption consumption of renewable energy consumption is far more than the EU average。

In order to ensure the seriousness and sustainability of the social welfare system。Nordic countries generally establish a legal system involving the fields of social security，Plan for Social Security、Execution process and related policy measures、Administrative management is based on law。The existence of relevant laws and regulations makes the welfare guarantee stable and expected，It also reduces the worries of the people，Enhance their sense of security and happiness。

Of course，Small land area of ​​Nordic countries、The population is less，Religious、race、Language and culture are relatively single，This homogeneity provides convenient conditions for its current social welfare system。Different national conditions of various countries，The social welfare system of the Nordic countries may not be suitable for other countries。other，The high welfare society and welfare system in the Nordic countries also once made it difficult to bear its public finance，Excessive tax rates supporting high benefits suppress the enthusiasm of the Bet365 lotto review company's investment willingness and work enthusiasm for high -income workers，I have restricted the development of the country，which will then affect the government's tax income。To keep the current system be maintained and give full play to its advantages，Nordic countries will continue to take improvement measures。

(The author is the dean of the School of Social and Population of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications)