Lev Shestov，1866-1938) is a famous Russian thinker in the 20th century、Philosopher，It is an outstanding representative of the Russian culture in the silver era，One of the pioneers of existentialism philosophy。He studied at the Department of Mathematics Physics at Moscow University in the early years and the Department of Law of the University of Mathematics and Kindu University，Long -term teaching at the University of Paris, France for a long time，I wrote a lot of discussions，and philosopher Husserl、Heidegger、Max Schille, etc.。Schistaff's work was translated to China，Get a better response。The 13th Volume "Schtfwen Collection" recently published by the Commercial Press "Shakespeare and its critics and critics Brandus"、Volume 6 "Great Eve"、Volume 12 "Only Faith"、Volume 13 "Records of the History of Greek Philosophy" was first translated as Chinese，With important academic value。This article intends to review these 4 volumes，Perspective Sandov's philosophical thought。

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"Shakespeare and its critics Brandus" is a enthusiastic overflow、Philosophical works full of ideological tension，Among them, there are germinations of Schistov's philosophical thoughts。Schistov fiercely opposed critics Tenna and Brandus to explain the empiricalism and doubtism of Shakespeare's shot，advocates Gao Yang's idealism and lofty morals，also shows the distrust Bet365 app download of the inevitable system of speculative philosophy。inevitability as an important philosophy，is the inherent basis of rationality，The key to a reasonable thing is whether it is inevitable; at the same time，Mustability is an important support for universal nature，It is difficult to have universality without inevitability。The respect for inevitability is in the mainstream of the Western philosophy。

From the view of Schistaf，Mustability only represents a helpless cognition and understanding of people in the face of real time，Philosophy is an ideological activity accompanied by the whole process of life，It is the ideological confrontation and struggle in the face of inevitability。Sisteov opposes the inevitability that people cannot grasp，The explanation of inevitability cannot be separated from the specific living environment and life experience。Based on this，He advocates putting specific problems such as life and his tragedy in the first place。From the view of Scharsov，The root of philosophy is the tragedy of human beings，Human life needs from pain、For liberation in tragedy and death。The tragedy philosophy of Schistov is not only a philosophical reflection on the external world，And to reveal the personality of the person、Deep opposite of the Liberty Psychology and Raw Rena Law。This book not only describes the tragedy of people and people，I also criticized the thoughts that deny the existence of such tragedies。"When the times are chaotic and disorderly，When there is a terrible situation,，What do we bet365 Play online games do? What can we do?，profound insights the turbulence and anxiety of the era of the times，and try to through the mystery of the human spiritual world he understands，Come to find a place to settle the soul for this turbulent world。"Tragedy Philosophy" opposes "science and morality"，It is to suppress the freedom of the individual's life for resistance to the abstract rational norms，It is believed that for those who exist in the world，Scientific understanding has certain limitations and deficiencies，Putting specific perceptual human life and its tragedy in the prospects，You can see that people lose freedom in real life，At all times, dominate the external rules。Because "Shakespeare and its critics and critics" explained the reason why people become tragic existences，Therefore，Known as the "Essay of Tragedy"。

　Discuss the relationship between rationality and belief

"The Great Night" includes Schistov discussion Tolstoy、Iboson、5 papers of ideologicalists such as William James。"Ordinary World" depicted through Tolstoy's works，Schestov reads Tolstoy's view of how to destroy and create a world。Discussion on the relationship between power and justice in Iboson's works，Shattov saw about art、Preparation、Merit and other secrets。mid -late 19th century，With the rapid development of the industrial revolution guided by science and rationality，The entire European society is full of respect for knowledge and rationality，Presidentialism is popular。But Sisteov、Schopenhauer、Kelka Guaer, etc., an irrationalist represented by opposition bet365 best casino games to this trend。In its paper，Shattov criticized those hard work that trying to derive life in the way of logical reasoning，simply uses the rational spirit respected by Greek philosophy to solve the effort of eternal mystery。He believes that rationalism cannot explain real tragedy，Modern people are already in the great night before they can grasp the existence。From this，The creator of "Tragedy Philosophy" has taken the first step towards existentialism。

Shattov further discussed the relationship between rationality and belief in the book "Only Faith"。"Only belief" is an unfinished manuscript left by his death，This manuscript is clearly reflected in the title of the book- "Only by Faith"，At the same time, it also summarized the self -mission of Sisteov's life insisted on fighting for faith。Sisteov thinks，The survival of a person is an abyss that has no basis，We often ask for help with rationality and metaphysics to fill in the abyss，However, the abyss of survival is a metaphysical rationality that cannot be filled，Rolers of the soul，I have to look for relying in the abyss。Schistaff also compares the thoughts of ancient Greek thinkers and Luther Thought，Further explained its understanding of the relationship between rationality and belief。From the view of Scharsov，Luther Thought built the foundation of faith on the belief orientation activity carried out by people's will with their own will。Unlike the rationalism tradition that uses rationality as the standard of belief test，Sisteov's thinking opens a door that needs to face the spiritual Bet365 app download level of belief that needs to be directly faced with people。Sisteov frankly，His task，It is to make people realize that the dimension of the spiritual belief exists，and its existence does not necessarily be based on the rationalism since ancient Greece。The criticism of rationalism runs through the important works of Schistov，He has been running for the survival situation of people throughout his life。

　　Sorting the relationship between rational theory and existence theory

"The History of the History of Greek Philosophy" is a lecture record for Schistaff to teach the history of European philosophy during Paris，Also known as "Somon Lecture"。Although this lecture was accumulated for many years，But the main line that runs through it is very clear，How to understand the relationship between rational theory and existence theory。The lecture records began to review the tradition of the entire Western philosophy，The content covers Taylorus、Ankasanda、Annacisamini to the Emi Kurus School in the late Greece School in the late Greece School，Looking back from Socrate、Plato to Kant、Hegel、Different philosophical themes shown in philosophers such as Nietzsche。Schstoff is not limited by the simplicity of rationalism of traditional philosophy about the history of philosophy，Instead, it is proposed，Socrates replaced real life with abstract concepts，From then on，The rational reflection activity of Western philosophy actually contains thinking themes for people's existence theory。He thinks，Traditional Western philosophy pursue universality、inevitability，Bet365 lotto review Can't make people's survival、People’s happiness issues are fundamentally solved。

As a pioneer in the philosophy of existentialism，Sisteov reflects the definition of philosophy with a lot of space in the lecture，Emphasize the relationship between philosophy and other sciences，I also explored the boundaries of philosophy and religion。In these respects，Sisteov although a large number of Husserl's assertion，But his point of view is different from Husserl。Hussels emphasized，To get rid of the predicament of contemporary philosophy，Should make philosophy a strict science，Because science has the nature and strength of general truth。Schestov thinks，There are completely different tasks and problems in philosophy and science。Science must achieve a clear understanding of world order and laws，But science cannot or allow people to surpass the inevitable，Philosophy can be able to defend the freedom of freedom of transcendence。From the view of Scharsov，"Philosophy is seeking essence and basis", "philosophy is born from people's inherent anxiety and curiosity"，Basic issues of philosophical epistemology should not only demonstrate the possibility of knowledge，but it should be human life needs，That is the survival theory of contemplation as a human life，The task of philosophy is to keep us in the unknown world. We will always be curious。

(This article is the central university's basic scientific research business fee project "Belt and Road" in the background of Sino -Russian civilization "(QNXM20210055) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Marxism bet365 best casino games College of Beijing University of Science and Technology、Beijing University of Science and Technology Rural Revitalization and County Economic Development Research Institute)