Current，The uncertainty of globalization is highlighted，Various black swan events and gray rhinoceros events intertwined，Intensified social risks，At the same time, it also confirms the judgment and concern that human society has entered a risk society in the book "Risk Society" published by German scholar Ulrich Beck in 1986。Strengthening the construction of bet365 sports disciplines is an important foundation for cultivating management talents and building national emergency capabilities。The construction and development of the bet365 sports discipline in the United States is representative to a certain extent，Triggered extensive discussions among scholars。

　Major emergencies promote the development of disciplines

The understanding of bet365 sports in the United States can be traced back to two centuries ago。1803，A series of fires swept through the port city of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA，In response to this disaster，Congress passes first-ever national disaster law。In the following decades，Portsmouth’s imprint prompts an ad hoc approach to bet365 sports。By the middle of the 20th century，The U.S. Congress has addressed a series of disasters，Such as the Great Chicago Fire of 1871、1900 Galveston, Texas hurricane、1906 San Francisco earthquake, etc.。A series of large-scale hurricanes and earthquakes in the 1960s and 1970s focused public attention on natural disaster relief。U.S. Federal Disaster Assistance Administration for Hurricane Kara、Alaska Earthquake、Major response to San Fernando earthquake and Hurricane Agnes，The law was enacted soon after，The most striking is the Disaster Relief Act of 1974，Establishes procedures for presidential declaration of national disaster。The Three Mile Island nuclear meltdown in 1979 made it even more urgent to centralize federal emergency response capabilities。Same year，President Jimmy Carter signs an executive order，Establishment of Federal bet365 sports Agency，FEMA），To assume the responsibility of civil defense。

The American bet365 sports discipline originated from the bet365 sports Institute (EMI) and the National Emergency Education and Training Base (NETC) established by the Federal bet365 sports Agency，Initially focused on establishing emergency education courses and application training，Later, it gradually moved from practical training to higher education。1983，The University of North Texas launches the nation’s first undergraduate bet365 sports degree program。1994，FEMA promotes bet365 sports higher education program，This program was established to “encourage and support the spread of harm in colleges and universities across the United States、Disaster and bet365 sports related information”。At the beginning of the project，Only four universities in the United States offer bet365 sports programs - one bachelor's degree program and three certificate programs，The program’s mission is “to serve as the nation’s primary coordinating center for higher education in bet365 sports，Promoting professionalism in the field through educational efforts，And contribute to a more resilient nation by creating a workforce of professional emergency managers”。After the "9·11" incident in 2001，bet365 sports education in the United States shows a blowout development，The government has begun to actively promote the establishment of a public safety emergency education system centered on "disaster prevention communities"，And attach great importance to emergency education，bet365 sports has been set up in many universities、Homeland Security、Counter-terrorism and disaster reduction、Corporate crisis management and other majors。According to the 2021 FEMA Higher Education Program Report，As of January 2021，There are 269 higher education institutions in the United States offering 684 bet365 sports related programs。

　　Characteristics of bet365 sports education

The training of bet365 sports education in the United States presents a competency-based approach、Features that fit your needs。bet365 sports discipline has established a doctorate、Master、Bachelor、Associate Degree，In addition，There are also professional training programs for a variety of bet365 sports courses。The degree training objectives at each level are different，For Ph.D.，Required to improve creative research capabilities，Have a deep and broad understanding of bet365 sports literature and research methods，To engage in teaching bet365 sports、Research and policy work；For Master’s Degree，Requires a high level of understanding of bet365 sports，Improve problem-solving abilities，Enhancement、Enrich or otherwise expand bet365 sports knowledge，Serves persons with supervisory or leadership functions in bet365 sports；For bachelor’s degree，Requires study based on the basic knowledge required for a career in bet365 sports，Understand the key theories of bet365 sports，Develop the ability to effectively communicate and cooperate with departments and communities at all levels；For Associate’s Degree，As a complement to other subject majors and career goals，Requires familiarity with relevant core knowledge of bet365 sports，Focus on the cultivation of professional qualities and abilities。

The curriculum of bet365 sports education is mainly cutting-edge and scientific。According to the 2018 FEMA Higher Education Program Report，bet365 sports course settings ranked by practicality，such as National Incident Management System (NIMS) ，Technology and bet365 sports，Disaster Response and Management，Homeland Security and bet365 sports，Building disaster-resilient communities，Hazard、Disasters and U.S. bet365 sports, etc.。Overall，The most commonly used course is National Incident Management System。At the graduate level，The most popular course is the social dimension of disasters、National Incident Management System、Technology and bet365 sports。The features of these bet365 sports courses mainly include the following three aspects。One，The curriculum has many levels，Set different course completion plans for different degrees。Part 2，The curriculum is more abundant。Relevant courses on bet365 sports include specialized courses provided by the Federal bet365 sports Agency，There are standard courses developed for associate degree groups，There are also remote self-study courses on bet365 sports, etc.，To best meet the needs of different groups。Third，The curriculum is more professional。According to the 2020 FEMA Higher Education Program Report，Related majors in bet365 sports in the United States include public health and medical care、Homeland Security、bet365 sports, etc.，Courses based on majors include disaster risk management、Homeland Security and bet365 sports, etc.，The course setting fully demonstrates the professional characteristics of bet365 sports。

The teaching method of bet365 sports education embodies students as the main body、Characteristics of the unity of knowledge and action。The American bet365 sports discipline educates students based on a wealth of academic knowledge within its discipline，Including risks、Preparation、Response、Remission and recovery, etc.，and a range of sub-topics related to these areas。The teaching implementation methods of bet365 sports disciplines in the United States are very diverse，In addition to traditional classroom teaching、Case Study、Except for discussion，Also includes extensive modernization、Open teaching method，Like a classroom lecture、Group Planning Meeting、Exercise-based training、Virtual desktop exercises, etc.。bet365 sports students can also connect with the local community、Voluntary agency cooperation，Participate in various projects according to your own interests。Practical teaching methods combine teaching with the “real world”，Provides students with opportunities to apply knowledge and improve skills，More conducive to the realization of teaching goals。

The teacher construction of bet365 sports education focuses on practice-oriented，At the same time, specialize in and combine。The American bet365 sports discipline has very strict requirements for the construction of teaching staff，Take the exercise control and simulation courses provided by the School of bet365 sports as an example，The standard document for contract lecturers requires that applicants must be in public administration、Education、bet365 sports、Public Health、Emergency Medicine、Firefighting Science、Graduates with a master's degree or above recognized by higher education academic institutions such as social sciences，Or at least somewhere、State and Federal Government on Community bet365 sports Exercise Design、Development、Implementation、Three years or more of experience evaluating and improving corrective action planning，It is best to have five years of practice project management、bet365 sports、Experience in emergency services，Directly responsible for exercise project planning in single or multiple jurisdictions。At the university level，bet365 sports subject teachers can generally be divided into four categories: tenured、tenure-track、Full time non-tenured and part-time。2018 FEMA Higher Education Program Report Survey on Teacher Types in Related Programs，There are 575 tenured teachers in bet365 sports in the United States、295 teachers under the pre-employment system、190 full-time non-tenure track teachers、1442 part-time teachers，Part-time teachers account for the largest proportion。It can be seen from this，bet365 sports education in the United States relies heavily on part-time faculty，The reason is that most part-time teachers are staff of relevant departments，Long-term engagement in bet365 sports，Have rich practical experience in bet365 sports，Not only can it provide theoretical support for the training of bet365 sports talents in the United States，It can also provide them with practical learning guidance。

(Author’s affiliation: School of Economics, bet365 sports and Law, University of Nanhua)