Current，Global uncertainty is prominent，All kinds of black swan events occur with the gray rhino incident，Steady social risk，2147_2213。Strengthening the construction of emergency management disciplines is an important basis for cultivating management talents and constructing national emergency capabilities。The construction and development of US emergency management disciplines have certain representativeness，Treating extensive discussion by scholars。

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The understanding of U.S. emergency management can be traced back to two centuries ago。1803，A series of fires swept the port city of Portal Mouth, New Hampshire, USA，To cope with this disaster，Congress passed the first national disaster law in history。In the following decades，The mark left by Puzmouth has contributed to a temporary emergency management method。By the middle of the 20th century，The US Congress has dealt with a series of disasters，If the fire of Chicago in 1871、Hurricane in Garveson, Calvinon, 1900、1906 San Francisco Earthquake, etc.。A series of large -scale hurricanes and earthquakes in the 1960s and 1970s brought the public's attention to the relief of natural disasters。The Federal Disaster aid Administration for Hurricane Cara、Alaska Earthquake、San Fernando earthquake and hurricane Egney silk made a significant response，Law quickly promulgated the law，The most noticeable thing is the 1974 "Disaster bet365 Play online games Relief Law"，Establishing a procedure for the president's announcement of national disasters。The Sanli Island nuclear leakage accident in 1979 makes the concentrated federal emergency ability more urgent。In the same year，Jimmy Carter signed an administrative order，Determine the establishment of the Federal Emergency Management agency，FEMA)，Responsibilities to undertake civil defense。

American Emergency Management Discipline originated from the School of Emergency Management (EMI) and National Emergency Education Training Base (Netc)，Originally based on establishing emergency education courses and application training，Later, gradually entered the field of higher education from practical training。1983，Northern University of North Texas established the first undergraduate degree project in the United States。1994，The Federal Emergency Administration has promoted the emergency management higher education plan，The purpose of this project is to "encourage and support the dissemination of harm in the United States、Disaster and Emergency Management Information "。At the beginning of the establishment of the project，Only four universities provide emergency management courses in the United States -one bachelor's degree course and three certificates courses，The mission of this project is "the main coordination center of the national emergency management higher education，Promote the professionalization of this field through education，Create a team of professional emergency managers to contribute to a more flexible country "。2001 "9 · 11" incident，U.S. emergency management education presents bet365 Play online games a well -spray development，The government has begun to actively promote the establishment of a public safety emergency education system centered on the establishment of a "disaster prevention community"，and attach great importance to emergency education，Emergency management has been set up in many universities in many universities、Land Safety、Anti -terrorism disaster reduction、Primary and other majors in corporate crisis。According to the 2021 FEMA Higher Education Program Report,，As of January 2021，There are 269 higher education institutions in the United States with 684 emergency management related projects。

　　Features of emergency management education

The training of emergency management education in the United States shows the ability of ability、Features of the requirements。Dr. Emergency Management Discipline、Master's degree、Bachelor、Associate bachelor's degree，other，A variety of professional training programs for emergency management courses also set up。Degree training goals at each level is different，For a doctorate degree，Requires to improve creative research ability，Corresponding to the corresponding and research methods of emergency management documents and research methods，in order to engage in teaching in emergency management、Research and policy work; for a master's degree，Requires a high level of understanding of emergency management，Improve the ability to solve problems，Enhancement、Rich or expand emergency management knowledge，Serve people who have supervised or leading functions in emergency management;，Requirement of learning according to the basic knowledge required for emergency bet365 live casino games management occupations，Key theory of understanding emergency management，Cultivate the ability to effectively exchange and cooperate with departments and communities at all levels;，Supplement of other discipline majors and professional goals，Requires the core knowledge of familiarity with emergency management，Cultivation of the ability to pay attention to professional literacy。

Course settings for emergency management education are mainly advanced and scientific.。According to the 2018 FEMA Higher Education Program Report,，Emergency Management Course Settings according to practical ranking，If the National Accident Management System (NIMS) ，Technology and emergency management，Disaster response and management，Land safety and emergency management，Build a community with disaster resistance，Harm、Disasters and US Emergency Management, etc.。Overall，The most commonly used course is the national accident management system。At the graduate stage，The most set course is the social dimension of the disaster、National accident management system、Technology and emergency management。The characteristics of these emergency management courses are mainly in the following three aspects。One，Course settings more levels，Set different courses to complete the plan for different degrees。Its two，Course settings are richer。Related courses for emergency management include special courses provided by the Federal Emergency Administration，Standard courses developed for the associate school group，There are also emergency management remote self -study courses, etc.，To maximize the needs of bet365 live casino games different groups。Three，Course settings are more professional。According to the 2020 FEMA Higher Education Program Report,，The related majors related to emergency management in the United States include public health and medical treatment、Land Safety、Emergency Management, etc.，Disaster risk management based on the professional setting course、Land safety and emergency management, etc.，Course settings fully display the professional characteristics of emergency management。

The teaching method of emergency management education reflects students as the main body、Features of Knowledge and Finguistics。American Emergency Management Discipline Education based on a large number of academic knowledge within its scope，Among them, risk、Preparation、response、Relieve and recovery, etc.，and a series of sub -themes related to these areas。The teaching implementation of the US Emergency Management Discipline is very diverse，Except for traditional classroom teaching、Case Study、Discussion and other methods，It also includes a large number of modernization、Open teaching method，such as class lectures、Group Planning Meeting、Training based on exercise、Virtual desktop exercise, etc.。Students from emergency management can also be with the local community、Logistics of volunteer agencies，Participate in various projects according to your own interests。Practical teaching methods combine teaching with "real world"，Provide students with opportunities for application knowledge and improve skills，More conducive to the implementation of teaching goals。

Teachers' construction of emergency management education focuses on practice -oriented，Special merger at the same time。The requirements of the US Emergency Management bet365 live casino games Discipline on the construction of teachers are very strict，Taking the exercise control and simulation courses provided by the School of Emergency Management as an example，The applicant must be public management in the standard document of its contract lecturer、Education、Public Health、Public Health、First aid medicine、Fire Science、Social Sciences and other higher education academic institutions approved by graduates and above，or at least in the place、State and federal governments are related to community emergency management exercise design、Development、Implement、Evaluation and improvement of three years or more experience in the planning planning plan，It is best to have five years of exercise project management、Public Health、Experience in the field of emergency service，Directly responsible for the exercise project plan of a single or multiple jurisdictions。At the university level，Teachers of Emergency Management Disciplines can generally be divided into four categories: lifetime system (Tenud)、Tenure-Track、Full Time Non-Tenud and part-time。2018 FEMA Higher Education Program Report on the type of teacher type in related projects，575 -bit、295 -bit、190 digits of full -time non -final system teachers、Part -time teacher 1442 -bit，The largest proportion of part -time teachers。This can be seen，US emergency management education to a large extent relies on part -time teachers，The reason is that most part -time teachers are staff members of the relevant departments，Long -term engaging in emergency management，With rich experience in emergency management practice，Not only can bet365 best casino games provide theoretical support for the training of talents in the US emergency management discipline，can also provide it with practical learning guidance。

(Author Unit: School of Economics Management and Law of Nanhua University)