Functional bet365 kentucky bonus code is a scientific theory that describes and explains bet365 kentucky bonus code and grammatical phenomena from a functional perspective，It not only studies how language functions determine language form，And pay attention to how language embodies the communicative function。Modern functional bet365 kentucky bonus code is mainly European、Russia、Three major functional bet365 kentucky bonus code schools in the United States，The most influential among them are the British Systemic Functional bet365 kentucky bonus code School and the Russian Functional bet365 kentucky bonus code School。

Russian functionalism has been around for a long time，As early as the beginning of the 20th century，Soviet linguist Kurdeney、Scherba and others once objected to the research concept of traditional structural bet365 kentucky bonus code that "only focuses on the formal relationships between grammars"，Believe that language form and meaning cannot be completely separated，The situational meaning of society and culture will also have an important impact on language。The most distinctive school of modern Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code is Bondarko、The three major functional schools represented by Zolotova and Melichuk，Reflected in the following three major theories。

　　bet365 kentucky bonus code theory

　Bondarko is a leading figure of the Petersburg School of Functional bet365 kentucky bonus code，Also the master of Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code。Bondarko takes the functional laws in language as his starting point，Constructed a relatively complete theoretical system and research framework for different semantic categories。The "Functional Semantic Field" theory is the core research content of Bang's School of Functional bet365 kentucky bonus code。The functional semantic field is divided based on semantic categories，Gathering together different levels of expression，A language aggregation with complete systematicity。The systematic nature is reflected in the level of multiple language expression methods with semantic categories as the core，Also reflected in the structural characteristics of “field”。Semantic categories mainly implement the function of aggregating semantics through grammatical units and grammatical types，Therefore，The aggregated functional semantic field generally aggregates lexicon through grammatical categories、Syntax and other multi-level expression methods。The most typical in the functional semantic field、The most commonly used categorical meanings are a core part of the functional semantic field，Atypical、Language expression units with low frequency of occurrence form the edge part of the semantic field。Its "core-periphery" structure facilitates efficient and orderly analysis of language expression methods at different levels。

Bondarco adopts the two-way research idea of ​​"meaning to form" and "form to meaning"，Comprehensive consideration of social and personal psychological factors in language use，Systematic analysis of semantic categories in abstract language and communicative practices in reality。The "form-meaning" two-way description principle combines the essence of negative bet365 kentucky bonus code and positive bet365 kentucky bonus code，Complementing traditional structural bet365 kentucky bonus code。Bang’s functional bet365 kentucky bonus code based on functional semantic field，It can aggregate different language expression forms with the same semantic function that are separated by traditional structural bet365 kentucky bonus code into an organic whole。The functional semantic field builds the construction framework of Bang's functional bet365 kentucky bonus code，Use various levels of language means to comprehensively describe the functions and mechanisms of semantic categories。However, the functional bet365 kentucky bonus code of this school is a relatively complete theoretical research system that is gradually developed based on traditional Russian bet365 kentucky bonus code，Has a certain degree of originality，The grammatical attributes of semantic categories also greatly limit the system perfection of functional bet365 kentucky bonus code。

　Communicative bet365 kentucky bonus code Theory

Zolotova is the founder of Russian Communicative bet365 kentucky bonus code。The core of communicative bet365 kentucky bonus code is functional syntax，Starting from the communicative function of bet365 kentucky bonus code，Explore the communicative functions of language at each language level through sentence models。Analysis of sentence model，Zolotova proposed a five-level descriptive structure of "sentence element-phrase-simple sentence-complex sentence-discourse"，summarizes each with nouns、verb、Numerical、adjective、Simple sentence model with the state word as the main body of the model，Therefore，Proposed the concept of "syntactic field"。The syntactic field is the original structure surrounding the sentence，Syntax variant by structure、Structure—a syntactic system composed of changes in semantic variants and synonymous phenomena，Contains many variations of simple sentence patterns produced in communication。Located at the center of the syntactic field is a sentence model with complete semantic and communicative functions，Located on the periphery are various grammatical variations of the sentence model。

The core of syntax theory is to summarize the basic sentence model and various sentence variations corresponding to it，From simple sentences、Organically integrate compound sentences into chapters，Thus expanding the research scope of syntax field。Another contribution of Zolotova is the combination of communicative bet365 kentucky bonus code and discourse analysis，Proposed the concept of "communicative type sentences"。Communication type sentences refer to the classification of sentences in a discourse from the perspective of communicative function。The interaction of different types of communicative sentences in discourse analysis，To achieve different communication purposes。Zolotova’s communicative bet365 kentucky bonus code theory is based on the structure of various levels of language，Taking "communicativeness" as the core to learn bet365 kentucky bonus code、Semantics、The organic connection between pragmatics and rhetoric，Expand the application scope of bet365 kentucky bonus code，Enhance bet365 kentucky bonus code explanation ability。Communicative bet365 kentucky bonus code has strong explanatory power on the structure and function of language，Provides a good reference for Russian teaching practice。But Zolotova’s theory does not completely get rid of the structural bet365 kentucky bonus code way of thinking，Insufficient general explanatory power for language mechanisms。

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Melichuk was an important member of the Moscow Semantics School，is the famous "meaning?Founder of Zhenwen” model theory。1950s and 1960s，With the advent of the computer age，Machine translation comes into being，Merichuk is based on linguistic theory and machine translation，Established the "meaning" of the system?Zhen text” model theoretical framework。"meaning?Zhen Text” theory aims to establish a language processor for bidirectional transformation between “meaning” and “expression”，Finally realize natural language machine translation。Machine translation requires a high degree of formal processing of natural language，Merichuk starts from the idea of ​​functionalism，Committed to research on formal description of language，Exploring various levels of natural language and the description rules for transformation between each level。Merichuk breaks down the process from "meaning" to "text" into semantic layers、Syntactic layer、morphological layer、Conversion between speech layers，The research content also covers various branches of linguistics: semantics、Morphology and Syntax。80s，Merichuk proposed that the description and mutual conversion rules of various levels of natural language should be stored in "meaning?In the knowledge base of "Zhen text" model，This is how the "Russian Detailed Comprehensive Dictionary" came into being。"meaning?Zhen Text” model displays lexical semantic relationships through systematic annotation in the dictionary and describes the semantic functions of words in detail，Solved the problem of vocabulary collocation and combination to the greatest extent。The model originally analyzed the language Russian，With Merichuk moving to Canada，The analyzed language has been expanded from Russian to English、French、German, etc.。Merichuk’s linguistic thought not only inherits the tradition of Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code，Absorbed the theories and methods of European and American linguistics，Has strong theoretical practicality。The theory in computational languages、Fields such as artificial intelligence and machine translation have also verified their correctness。

Different from functional bet365 kentucky bonus code research in Europe and America，Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code is its own school，With distinctive national characteristics and regional characteristics。Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code schools based on Russian research，Innovation on traditional bet365 kentucky bonus code，Retains a large number of structural bet365 kentucky bonus code research systems，Make up for the shortcomings of structural bet365 kentucky bonus code and make necessary supplements。Practice shows，Research on the categories of functional semantic fields、Discourse Analysis of Communicative bet365 kentucky bonus code，Still "meaning?Machine translation application of "Zhen text" model，All prove that the Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code school has strong practical capabilities while gradually improving the theoretical system。The various schools of Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code aim to explore how language functions affect the choice of language forms，to describe、Mainly summarize language facts，But it lacks the ability to explain grammatical phenomena。With the strengthening of communication with the outside world，Although various schools of Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code have also integrated their understanding of English、Synchronic comparative study of French and other languages，But subject to politics、Influence of historical factors，The main research is still based on Russian as a single language，There is a slight lack of research on the universality of language。Although there are still many problems with Russian functional bet365 kentucky bonus code，But its unique research perspective and strong practical ability provide a unique research example for World bet365 kentucky bonus code。

(Author’s unit: College of Western Languages ​​and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)