Functional grammar is a scientific theory describing and interpreting grammar and grammar phenomena from a functional perspective，It not only studies the language function how to determine the language form，And pay attention to how language reflects communication functions。Modern functional grammar is mainly Europe、Russia、The three major functional grammar genres in the United States，Among them, the most influential is the British system functional grammar school and Russia's functional grammar school。

Russian functionalism has been spreading for a long time，As early as the early 20th century，Soviet linguist Kurtene、Serba and others have raised objections to the research concept of traditional structural grammar "only focus on the formal relationship between grammar"，It is believed that the language form and meaning cannot be completely separated，The context of social culture will also have an important impact on language。The most distinctive feature of modern Russian functional grammar genres is Epalco、Three Functional Schools represented by Zolotova and Merrunke，reflected as the following three theories。

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　Bangdalko is the leader of the Petburst Functional Grammar School，It is also a collection of Russian functional grammar。Bangdalco takes the laws of language as the starting point，Construction of a relatively complete theoretical system and research framework for different semantic categories。"Functional Semings Field" theory is the core research content of the Bang's functional grammar school。Functional semantic field is based on semantic category，Gathering the content of different levels of expression together，With a complete and systematic language polymer。Its systematic is reflected in the layers of various languages ​​with a semantic category as the core，It is also reflected in the structural nature of the characteristics of the "field"。Semantic categories mainly realize the function of gathering semantics through grammar units and grammar types，From this，Functional semaphores aggregated generally gathered through the grammar category、Sentence and other multi -level expression means。The most typical of functional semantics、The most commonly used category significance is the core part of the functional semantic field，atypical、Language expression units with low frequencies constitute the edge part of the semantic field。Its "core -margin" structure helps to analyze high -efficiency and orderly analysis of language expression methods at different levels。

Bangdalco uses the two -way research ideas of "meaning to form" and "formal to meaning"，Comprehensive consideration of social and personal psychological factors in the use of language，System analysis of the semantic category and practical practices in reality。"Form -meaning" two -way description principles blend the essence of negative grammar and positive grammar，complement the traditional structural grammar。Bang's functional grammar based on functional semantics，It can be cut into different language expression forms with Bet365 lotto review the same semantic function as an organic whole。Functional semantic fields built the construction framework of Bang's functional grammar，Use the language means at various levels to fully describe the functional and mechanisms of semantic categories。But the functional grammar of this genre is a relatively complete theoretical research system based on the gradual development of traditional Russian grammar，Have a certain native nature，The grammatical attributes of the semantic category also greatly limited the system perfection of functional grammar。

　Traffic grammar theory

Zolotova is the founder of Russian communication grammar。The core of the communication grammar is functional sentence，Start from the communication function of grammar，Explore the language communication function at each language level through a sentence model。Analysis of sentence models，Zolotova proposed the description structure of the five levels of the "Sentence -Ci -Books -Simple Sentence -Compound sentences -language"，Summary of nouns、verb、Duration、adjective、Status word is a simple sentence model of the model subject，From this，Put forward the concept of "Sentence Field"。Sentence Farm is the original structure of the sentence，From the grammar variant of the structure、Structure — The syntax system composed of changes in semantic variants and synonyms，It contains the many variants of simple sentence patterns in communication。In the center of the syntax field, the sentence model with a complete semantic and communication function，Various grammar variants located in the periphery。

bet365 live casino games The core of the sentence theory is to summarize the basic sentence models and various sentences corresponding to it，From simple sentence、Compound sentences to chapter organic integration，to expand the study of the syntax field。Another contribution of Zolotova is to combine the analysis of the communication grammar with the analysis of the text，The concept of "communication type sentence" is proposed。communication type sentence refers to the type division of sentences in the language from the perspective of communication function。Different types of communication type sentence interaction in the analysis of the text，To achieve different communication purposes。Zolotova's communication grammar theory is based on the structure of the language，With "communication" as the core, grammar、Semantics、Organization and rhetoric to organize organic connections，Application scope of extended grammar，Enhanced grammar interpretation ability。The structure and function of the language of the communication grammar have a strong explanation force，Provides a good reference for the teaching practice of Russian。But Zolotova's theory has not completely got rid of the way of thinking of structural grammar，Insufficient interpretation of the language mechanism。

　　"Meaningtext "theory

Merchuk was an important member of the Moscow School，Is the founder of the famous "meaning? bet365 Play online games Shenzhen text" model theory。The 1950s and 1960s，With the advent of the computer era，Machine translation came into being，Merrumuk is based on linguistic theory and machine translation，The system of "meaning? Shenzhen text" model theoretical framework was established。"meaning? Shenzhen text" theory aims to establish a two -way conversion language processor between "meaning" and "expression"，Machine translation that finally realizes natural language。Machine translation needs to be highly formulated by natural language，Machine translation that finally realizes natural language，Dedicated to the formal description of language，Exploring the description rules of all levels of natural language and conversion between levels of all levels。Meilukuk will decompose the process from "meaning" to "text" into a semantic layer、Sentence layer、morphological layer、conversion between voice layers，Research content also covers various branches of linguistics: semantics、morphology and sentence law。80s，Merrunke proposed that the description and mutual conversion rules of natural language should be stored in the knowledge base of the "meaning? Shenzhen text" model，Therefore, the "Russian Detailed Explanation Pixel" came into being。"Meaning? Zhenwen" model shows the semantic relationship of vocabulary through the system label in the dictionary and describes the semantic function of the word in detail，Maximum solving the problem of vocabulary matching combination。The original analysis of the model is Russian，With Miruch moved to Canada，The language analyzed expanded from Russian to English、French、German, etc.。Merrushk's language thought inherits the tradition of Russian functional grammar，It also absorbed the theory and method of European and American linguistics，It has a strong theoretical Bet365 lotto review practice。This theory is calculating language、Artificial intelligence and machine translation have also verified their own correctness。

Different functional grammar studies from Europe and the United States，Russian functional grammar self -made faction，With distinctive national characteristics and regional characteristics。Russian functional grammar schools are based on Russian research，Both the traditional grammar innovation，Reserved a large number of structural grammar research systems，Make up for the lack of structural grammar and make necessary supplements to it。Practice indicates，Study on the scope of functional semantics、Analysis of the language of communication grammar，Or "meaning? bet365 Play online games Shenzhen text" model machine translation application，Both proves that the Russian functional grammar school has a strong practical ability while gradually improving the theoretical system。Russian functional grammar genres for the purpose of exploring how the language function affects language form，Description、Sumulatory language facts are mainly，But the explanation of grammatical phenomena is lacking。With the strengthening of exchanges with the outside world，Although the Russian functional grammar schools have also been incorporated into English、Comparative comparative research on other languages ​​such as French，but politics、Effects of historical factors，The subject research is still based on the single language of Russian，The universal research on language is slightly insufficient。Although there are many problems in Russia's functional grammar，But its unique research perspective and strong practical ability Bet365 app download provide unique research examples for world grammar。

(Author Unit: School of Western Language and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)