"Historial Thinking Project" began in 2006，Formerly known as "Benchmarks of Historial Thinking)，Rename "Historical Thinking Project" in 2011。As a non -official and non -profit project，"Historical Thinking Project" aims to provide a new method for historical teaching，To fundamentally change the teaching method of teachers and students' learning methods。It has changed the design of middle school historical teaching goals and teaching solutions in most parts of Canada，Among them, the province of Ontario of the Canadian Education Provincial Provincial Provincial Provincial Ontario，From course reform、Study on historical thinking and historical educational significance，The impact of the "historical thinking project" on the historical education of Canadian middle schools。

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In Canada，Educational affairs are mainly managed by all provinces and regions，In order to adapt to its respective economic development level，All provinces and regions in Canada have established a suitable need for local development、A relatively independent education system。Ontario Province is Canada Education Strong Province，It is also one of the provinces actively carried out educational reform。2013，Ontario launched Bet365 app download a new curriculum standard，and the teaching reform of primary and secondary schools。The main goal of this curriculum reform is to allow primary and secondary schools to focus on the ability to cultivate students using "discipline thinking" to investigate and solve problems，At the same time, promote the comprehensive development of students。Specific to historical disciplines need to introduce the concept of "historical thinking" into related teaching activities，Cultivate students' ability to use "historical thinking"，Make them have a way of thinking suitable for historical disciplines。In the reform of the 11th and 12th courses in 2015，Ontario also incorporates the purpose of cultivating "discipline thinking" into it。This is not conspiring with the theme of the "Historical Thinking Project"，This project is developing around such a proposition，Historical thinking is the core of historical teaching，While promoting students to achieve academic progress，It should make them a more capable historical thinner。According to the description in the previous article, it can be seen，"Historical Thinking Project" and the teaching reform requirements of Ontario Province are almost consistent，Visible，This project has an important impact on the reform of the historical teaching of Ontario。

A review report submitted by the Canadian History Research Association in 2015- "Canadian History Education Report" (hereinafter referred to as "Report") can also be seen，"Historical Thinking Project" affects bet365 best casino games Canada's historical education reform。"Report" mentioned，"Major changes in historical courses in Canada。Inspired by Dr. Casas and 'Historical Thinking Engineering "，Many provinces and regions better include historical thinking and different views into their courses。For example，Ontario Province、Manitoba Province and Nonawut have revised the course in recent years。Other provinces and regions，Including New Scoisher、Quebec Province、Alberta Province、Northwest China and Saskatchewen Province，It is currently re -evaluating its course "。

　　Provide references for historical teaching

"Historical Thinking Engineering" was initiated by Peter Seixas, a professor at British Columbia University, Canada.，Cashaus proposed 6 "historical thinking concepts"，This has also become the theoretical basis and framework of the "Historical Thinking Engineering" project。These 6 concepts are historical significance, respectively.、Primary Source Evidence、Continuity and Change、caus and consequence、Historial Perspectives and ethical dimensions in historical interpretations。

Ontario's 2013 teaching reform adopted this thinking concept model，Introduction of historical thinking concepts in the historical teaching in grades 7-12 (no historical courses)，But only 4 of the above 6 concepts，Historical significance、Cause relationship、Continuation and change and historical perspective。The historical curriculum standards of Ontario Province bet365 best casino games also define the four concepts: historical significance requires students to determine the importance of the past; cause and effect requires students to determine or cause factors and their effects or effects; Continuing and changing requires students to determine what to keep changing within a period of time，What has changed; historical perspective requires students to analyze past events and related issues within a given time range。Students need to realize that they cannot impose the current values ​​and moral standards to the past。

It can be seen through the above analysis，"Historical Thinking Project" is not to implement or implement the thinking training plan in historical teaching from top to bottom，Instead, it provides a basic criterion，or say that a reference is provided，Let the provinces and regions in Canada adjust and develop their own historical thinking concepts and cultivation paths。Except Ontario Province，Manitoba Province、Quebec is also inspired by the "historical thinking project"，Explore、Clarified the unique historical thinking concept that meets its needs。

　　Exploring the meaning of historical education

Because of the long -term colonial rule of Britain and France in Canada's history，The significance of the writing of the national history of Canada and the significance of historical education have always been in controversy。Most of the 20th century，The goal of Canadian historical education is all in the cultural framework determined by British colonists，Propagate bet365 best casino games national stories and related knowledge in English regions of Canada，The true meaning of historical education is ignored。Not only that，In Ontario Province，History is included in the category of social research，With the rise of the "New Society Research" boom，History has gradually lost its important position in middle school education。Facing this situation，"Historical Thinking Project" not only promotes the reform of historical teaching and the cultivation of historical thinking，It also set off a historical education revival movement。

As a project dedicated to promoting "critical historical thinking for the 21st century"，"Historical Thinking Project" attempts to improve students' ability，enable them to make contributions to the controversy of the past and future of Canada.，Regardless of the theme of the controversy is land claim or resource use、National Construction or Globalization、Origin legend or immigration story is still heroism or collective historical crime。The promoters of the "Historical Thinking Project" tried to let teachers help students think about critical thinking and evidence -based historical understanding，They believe that historical education can help students think independently and participate in debate on history，to promote the revival of Canadian historical education and people's exploration of historical educational significance。

Looking at the Western World，The "historical thinking project" in Canada is not unique，It is not the pioneer who emphasizes Bet365 app download the importance of historical thinking in historical education，Other countries are also in historical thinking、The training of historical consciousness and historical literacy made a lot of attempts。But the success of the "historical thinking project" is still worthy of our attention。Except the previous article，The project also made other contributions to Canadian historical education。It has built a vibrant Canadian national historical educator network，provides channels for communication and exchanges to relevant staff; a new generation of textbooks and teaching materials have been launched，To promote historical thinking cultivation。"Historical Thinking Project" also set up a project website to accept feedback and publish information for a wider audience，and start a summer summer camp and lecture class，allow teachers and students to see through the growth of off -campus activities。These efforts have promoted the cultivation of the historical thinking of teachers and students in Canadian middle schools。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, South China Normal University)