Cultural exchanges between China and Russia are far away，Starting from the early 17th century，Russia has sent envoys and caravans many times to come to China。From 1715 to 1864，Russia has emerged as Nikita Jokovlevich Billin、Vasili Pavlovich Vasiliyev (also known as "Wang Xili")、Peter Ivanovich Cafarov represented by many outstanding Sinologists，These sinologists and their works jointly promoted the spread of Chinese culture in Russia in the 19th century。

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early 18th century，Affected by the "Chinese heat" prevailing in Western Europe at that time，Peter I of Russia began to pay attention to Chinese culture，Later Queen Elizabeth I and Yekaterina II also advocated learning Chinese culture，Building a Chinese -style building。At the same time，Scholars' translation and research on Chinese cultural classics，Promoting Sinology in Russia can truly sprout and develop，It has also further promoted the spread of Chinese culture in Russia。

At that time，Many Russian sinologists participated in the Russian translation of Chinese classics。Around 1750，Under the guidance of his teacher Irahon Kalinovich Rosimin，Yakov Volkov first translated the Four Books into Russian，Unfortunately, this translation has not been published。"University" and "Golden Mean" translated by Alexei Lenijiev in 1780 and 1784，This is the first time the Confucian classic has been in Russia。

Bet365 lotto review In this period of Confucian classic Russian translation，The translation draft of bhikkhus is the greatest influence，He not only translated the content of "Four Books"，It also translated all the notes made by Zhu Xi for "Four Books"。But the translation of the "Four Books" of Bhikkilin finally was only published in St. Petersburg in 1823，The translation drafts of the Analects of Confucius and Mencius failed to publish。Bhikkhu Lin also translated many documents such as "Compendium of Zi Zhi Tong Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian", "Daqing First Chronicle" and "Tibetan Chronicles"。other，His three volumes of "Compilation of the Materials of Ethnic Materials in the Ancient Central Asia" from the ancient Chinese classics，It mainly includes "Historical Records", "Han Book", "Hou Han Book", "Song Book", "Liang Shu", "Chen Shu", "Wei Shu", "Sui Shu", etc.。Picchulin's translation and references of Chinese historical books such as "Historical Records"，In promoting other Russian scholars to study Chinese history、Deepening the understanding of China has played a certain role。

1868，Vasilierv chose to translate the Analects of Confucius，"Selection of Chinese Selection Volume" published by the University of St. Petersburg。Vasiliyev served as the director of the Chinese Teaching and Research Office of the Oriental Department of St. Petersburg at the time，Under his promotion，The Analects of Confucius became a must -read book for Russian Sinology students at that time，It is also a compulsory course for the fourth grade students in Chinese majors。So far，"The Analects" began to bet365 Play online games spread widely in the Russian academic community。Vasiliyev also wrote "Oriental Religion: Confucian、Interpretation、Tao "Book，Comprehensive inspection and introducing Confucianism、Interpretation、Social and historical background generated by the three of Taoism、Development and its influence。other，He combines his own language in China、Classical Literature、Geography、Research results in the law，He published "History of Chinese Documents" and "History bet365 live casino games of Chinese Literature" in St. Petersburg in 1880 and 1888，Both books are used by the Oriental Department of the University of St. Petersburg as a textbook，Affected many students。

Kafarov has lived in Beijing for 31 years，More familiar with the Chinese society before the Chinese history, culture and the Opium War。He translated "Journey to the West of Changchun", "The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty", "Sacred Martial Arts Records" (also made "Emperor Shengwu Reception")，I have made important contributions to Mongolian studies in Russia。Kafarov refers to information such as "Yuan History", "Liao Shi" and "Golden History" in the process of translating "The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty"，There are more than 600 notes in the translation，This enhances the academicity of the translation，It provides convenience for the post -person to study Mongolia history。"Sacred Martial Arts Records" "Is a long -lost Chinese translation of Mongolian literary and historical books"，Kafarov translates it as Russian，Title of "Ancient Legend of China about Genghis Khan"，Published Bet365 lotto review in 1872 on the Eastern Collection。Like the translation of "The History of the Yuan Dynasty"，"Ancient Legend of China about Genghis Khan" also contains a lot of annotations。

Later，Sinologist Popolf also joined the ranks of Russian translator "Four Books"。1904，The "Mencius Mencius" he translated and published became the first translation of "Mencius" in the history of Sinology in Russia。1910，Popov also published "Confucius and his disciples and other people's quotations"。In this book，Popov not only publishes his own point of view，Also marked the ancient Chinese Note Family's Note and insights in the Analects of Confucius。Popov's "The Analects of Confucius" translation is simple and easy to understand、Expressing accuracy，Welcome to the academic community，It was still Moscow in 2004、Publishing House in St. Petersburg and other places。

　Chinese literature works gradually know for Russian scholars

Around the 19th century，Not only Confucian and historic classics were translated to Russia，And some Chinese literature works have also been translated into Russian and published，Among them, the main impact is mainly novels，Including "Yu Jiao Pear", "Good Biography", "Dream of Red Mansions" the first time、"Shi Gong Case -China Holmes", "White Snake Biography", etc.。

Russian translation in Chinese literary works，Vasiliyev played an important role again，He not only translated the five short stories such as "Abao", "Mang Mangcao" and "Mao Fox" in "Liao Zhai Zhi Yi"，And in the book "History bet365 live casino games of Chinese Literature", I will use two chapters to introduce Chinese literature，Among them, Chapter 14 Bet365 lotto review "Chinese Beauty Literature" refers to the "Selection of the Culture" and "Book of Songs".，Introduction of "Fu" Example。Chapter 15 "Folk Literature: Opera、Novel、Zhang Hui Novels "introduced works such as" West Chamber "," Dream of Red Mansions "and" Romance of the Three Kingdoms "。Vasiliyev appreciated "Dream of Red Mansions"，I believe that "Dream of Red Mansions" is the best Chinese novel，Vasiliyev appreciated "Dream of Red Mansions"。Vasiliyev and Popov together brought Chinese literary works into the classroom of Russian universities，They explain novels such as "Dream of Red Mansions" for senior students at the Oriental Department of the University of St. Petersburg，Deepen students' understanding of Chinese and Chinese culture。

Russian sinologists at the time had noticed the Book of Songs。The first issue of "Moscow" magazine in 1852 published "Confucius's Poetry".、From the Book of Songs "Ladder Qiu"。1855，Dmitry Siwelov published the Russian translation version of the Book of Songs，This is the first translation of the Book of Songs translated and published by the Russians。Mikhailov、м. Mc Charlova and others translated five songs such as "Swallow" and "Lao Qiu".、Poetry Collection (Berlin version 1862、St. Petersburg Edition 1890) and "China in Poems、Japan "(1896)。

other，The History of Chinese Literature by Vasiliyev also includes the translation of dozens of poems in the Book of Songs，Explanation in detail，Also give a high evaluation of the Book of Songs，Think of the Book of Songs is a real folk poetry。Vasiliyev's teaching speech was brought together into "Chinese Literature History Information" and "Outline bet365 live casino games of Chinese Literature".，The third volume of the "Chinese Literature History Information" contains the translation and annotation of the Book of Songs，cooperate with the "Outline of Chinese Literature"，In -depth explanation of the Book of Songs。Driven by Vasiliyev，Teaching has become one of the important ways of "Book of Songs" in Russia。

Other Chinese literature works are also translated into Russian and published。"Three words and two shots" passed to Russia in the 18th century，But the original Russian translation is mostly by English translation、Moral translation or legal translation comes from。The 11th issue of the Russian "Friends of Children" magazine published in 1810 contains "Chinese Story Collection" (also translated as "Chinese jokes")，Among them, the Russian translation of "The Magic Danke's Gold" (selected from the "Surprise of the Case")，This is the first "Three Words Two Shooting" novels that translate directly from the original Chinese to Russian，It marks the literary value of Russian sinologists who really realize the "three words and two shots"。

From the second half of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century，The translation and research work on Chinese culture in the Russian academic community has continued to continue，generations of sinologists dedicated their own strength in the translation and writing of Chinese cultural classics，The fruitful translation and research results have attracted attention in the world of sinology in the world，Not only promotes the spread of Chinese culture in Russia，and enable the Russian people to better bet365 Play online games understand China，Promoting cultural exchanges between the two countries。

(Author Unit: Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)