Master of Industry and Commerce (full name "Master of Business Administration Master's Graduate Students"，The following referred to as "MBA") Professional degree graduate education，It is an important part of graduate education，It is an important channel for cultivating high -level management talents。The earliest establishment of the United States in the world has established a more complete MBA education system，For many years, MBA education has trained many business management talents，It also made important contributions to enterprise and economic development。

　bet365 live casino games

The development process of MBA education in the United States can be divided into start、Three stages of rapid development and transformation and development。In the starting stage (1881-1945)，MBA Education is gradually accepted by society，Education system is initially formed，Case teaching has fully attached great importance to，An important way to cultivate students' analytical ability and management skills。but，Student business management application ability and comprehensive ability trained at this stage are relatively poor，Low social recognition。During the development stage (1946-1985)，The American economy quickly recovers after World War II，rapid increase in demand for senior management talents of enterprises，MBA education can develop rapidly，Cultivated a large number of outstanding graduates，Meet the needs of market and economic development and the needs of enterprise expansion。But the MBA education system at this stage pays too much attention to skill education and professional training，It is difficult to achieve the heavy task of cultivating the senior management talents of the enterprise，It is also bet365 best casino games difficult to meet the needs of international talents。During the transformation and development stage (1986 to the present)，In order to meet the needs of economic globalization on multinational management talents with global vision，MBA Education constantly updates teaching methods，Not limited to traditional teaching and case teaching，Instead of on -site survey、Group cooperation、Simulation Decisions、Project research、Project research、role -playing、role -playing、Special debate、Visiting and learning to help students get relevant knowledge and skills; at the same time, increase the admission ratio of international students，Strengthen international exchanges，Cultivate students' international vision。In a sense，After more than 100 years of development，MBA education in the United States has formed a mechanism that can make self -dynamic adjustment and optimization according to environmental changes，With distinctive orientation and characteristics。

MBA courses in universities in the United States clearly clearly improve the leadership of students as the core of cultivation goals，At the same time, various universities have their own unique curriculum system，Pay attention to the cultivation of different leadership elements。For example，Stanford University MBA course attaches importance to the cultivation of personal leadership，Emphasize that it becomes "more powerful leader and responsible person" through self -changes; the MBA course of Columbia University emphasizes the cultivation of strategic leadership，I hope that students can have the ability to lead one step ahead in the rapidly changing business world; the MBA course of the University of Pennsylvania emphasizes the cultivation of technical leadership，Encourage students to focus on rigorous analysis、Operating knowledge，Become a responsible leader，Stimulate Bet365 lotto review entrepreneurial enthusiasm。

In terms of curriculum system construction，The core system of MBA courses in well -known American universities is generally divided into 5 modules，function MBA course、Analysis of MBA course、Soft Skills MBA Course、Social Responsibility MBA Course and Globalization MBA Course。On the course settings，5 modules around the core curriculum system，Develop the corresponding courses。Function MBA courses mainly include marketing、Financial Management、Company Strategy、Operation and supply chain management、Company Strategy、Management Accounting、Management Information System and Operational Studies。Analysis of the MBA course includes management economics、Economics and decision analysis, etc.。Soft skills MBA courses include management communication、Organization behavior、Management principles、Leaders、Human Resources Management、Organizational structure and design、Negotiations、Career Planning and Entrepreneurship, etc.。Social Responsibility MBA Course includes corporate ethics/social liability、Business and Government and Commercial Law。Globalization MBA course includes macroeconomics、Global Strategic Management and International Business, etc.。Different universities' choices of core curriculum modules have their own characteristics。For example，Harvard University MBA course settings focus on "establishing business understanding，Cultivate work skills，Establish a practical concept "。The purpose of the MBA course of Stanford University is to "ensure that students get the knowledge of management operation，Understand the economy of the company's operation、Political and social environment，Master the behavioral skills of the manager "。The MBA course setting of the University of Pennsylvania focuses on cultivating "the most efficient managers Bet365 app download in the global business environment"。

American MBA education formed a personalized、Differential teaching features。With the rapid development of network technology，The modernization level of MBA teaching facilities is also increasing，The communication between teachers and students is more convenient。With the development of MBA education，MBA courses in American universities have gradually formed their own teaching features。Harvard University's MBA course is the most prominent feature in teaching methods is case teaching，Students can discuss the simulation decision makers through the case，Improving students' sense of speculation and problem judgment。The teaching characteristics of the MBA project of the University of Pennsylvania are experiential teaching，Students can participate in the shadow engineering、E -commerce Club、Conference project、Learning Team and other organizations，Enhance leadership and teamwork awareness。

　Enrollment conditions Flexible birth source has diversity

MBA education in the United States is divided into two types: full -time and non -full -time，Full -time dominance，Student system 2 years。At the national level，Application conditions for MBA courses without uniform regulations，Instead, it is determined by the admissions unit。After years of practice，MBA courses for well -known American universities are generally: (1) 4 -year undergraduate degree or the same academic force，No requirements for graduation years，But work experience is an important admission basis。(2) You need GMAT or GRE test scores (international students need TOEFL、IELTS、PTE or duolingo test score)，Generally there is no minimum request for test scores，But the higher the exam score, the more advantages。For example，Harvard University Business School does not have the minimum test score requirements，Its GMAT score of MBA admission in 2022 was between 540-790 points，Bet365 lotto review median is 730 points。At the same time，MBA Admissions Committee does not encourage the TOEFL test score to be less than 109 points、IELTS test score is less than 7.5 points、PTE test scores below 75 points or Duolingo test scores less than 130 points for application。(3) Writing materials are also important admission basis，Generally includes undergraduate transcripts、Open proposition composition、Recommended letter, etc.。There is no uniform standard for the score of written materials，Usually focusing on the leadership of candidates、Logical ability and social responsibility awareness, etc.。

The students of MBA education in the United States are international and diversified characteristics。In some well -known universities，MBA Course International Students account for a higher。2022 Harvard MBA curriculum international students account for 38%，Colombia University is 46%，Yale University is 48%。International students from many countries and regions，Taking 2022 as an example，Columbia University MBA students from 90 countries，14%of the MBA students from Harvard University came from Asia、9%from Europe。At the same time，Students have a diversified background。On the gender structure of the students，2022 Harvard University and the University of Pennsylvania MBA Course female trainees accounted for 46%，Yale University is 43%。From the perspective of the industry distribution before school,，The industry distribution is wide，and different colleges and universities have their own focus。2022，Harvard MBA students before enrollment work distributed in 11 industries，The industry distribution is relatively balanced，Among them, the consulting industry (16%) and the venture capital industry (16%) account for relatively high proportion。Pennsylvania University before enrollment is distributed in 9 industries，It is mainly concentrated in the financial service bet365 best casino games industry (32%) and consulting service service industry (25%)，Industry distribution is more concentrated。

Except the above characteristics，American MBA Education also has a relatively complete evaluation system。Evaluation and feedback is a key factor to promote the reform and development of MBA education。At present, there are two modes of American MBA education evaluation: First, the American International Business School Association certification，Focus on MBA education quality，Mission and goals of MBA education mainly、Course content and evaluation、Teachers' research results、Student、Educational resources and responsibilities、Intelligence support, etc.，The average certification time requires 5-7 years。Second, the certification provided by the evaluation agency represented by famous newspapers and magazines such as "American News and World Report" and "Business Weekly"，Focus on the level of running school、Evaluation of the quality of graduates。Two evaluation modes are more professional after years of development，Being able to evaluate more comprehensively、Feedback of the opening effect of the MBA course。

MBA Education is promoting the US economy、Enterprise development has played an important role，An average of more than 150,000 students per year，Among them, it also includes a large number of international students。Compared with before taking the MBA course，Students generally have a wider employment field after completing their studies、Opportunity more、Higher salary。But MBA education in the United States also has some problems worthy of attention。For example，MBA Education lacks top -level design，Mainly pay attention to micro market demand，Fewer consideration of the national macro strategy for talents。MBA education quality is different，The related market is more chaotic。Although the curriculum system has a certain systematic，But the phenomenon of "Course Island" has not Bet365 app download been broken。MBA Education as a major personal investment，Cost increased year by year，There is a possibility that there is a possibility of becoming a wealthy club，etc.。

(This article is the study and reform of the degree and graduate degree training plan for business management in Nanjing University of Finance and Economics.

(Author Unit: School of Marketing and Logistics Management of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics、MBA Education Center)