At the end of the 17th century 18th century，The British James Cantingan comes to Xiamen, the coast of China as a doctor of East India、Zhoushan area。Canningan wrote more than 10 plant literature during the period of China，Make more than 500 kinds of plant specimens，Collecting more than 1,000 plant paintings。These precious documents、Specimen and paintings are still preserved in the library in the UK、Museum and Archives。Re -regulating the research results of plants in Chinese coastal areas，helps restore the mathematical exchanges in the history of early Sino -British exchanges，Repexation of more abundant Chinese -English cultural exchange map。

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1697，Canningan leaves London, UK to go to China，James Petig, a well -known local pharmacist and collector, made suggestions to him，I hope he will draw a sketch or drawing in the plants and other strange treasures that can be found after arriving in China。1698，Canningan arrived at East India Corporation established in the business hall established in Xiamen, China，and return to the UK in mid -1699。1700 Years，Canningan as the boat doctor of the East "Eaton" merchant ship，Leave the bet365 best casino games UK again and arrive in Zhoushan, China in October of the same year，I stayed there for about two years。His two trip to China, although short -term，But I wrote an important sequence in the history of the exchange of Chinese and English museums。Its research on plants in China's coastal areas is mainly reflected in the following three aspects。

First，Through letter、Investigation Report and other methods to study the coastal plants of China。Canningan and Royal Society and related scientists maintain close contact，Through letter、Investigation reports and other methods introduce plants in China's coastal areas。He and the then Secretary -General of the British Royal Society Hans Slon、British botanist and gardening artist Leonad Pla Kernete、James Petig、The earliest definer of the concept of "species", John Ray, maintained a communication contact，The manuscript of the book letter clearly records its understanding of Chinese coastal plants。

2，Specifications for making Chinese coastal plants。Canningan arrived in China，Collect and make various plant specimens through various channels。The specimen he collected involves plant species in Gulangyu, Xiamen，and tea trees in Zhoushan area、Mountain Tea、Cuckoo、Gold Silk Peach and Ling Winter, etc.。Canningan used the method of making the plant specimen in Britain at the time，and Bet365 app download use special transportation equipment，Send these plant specimens back to Britain。Most of these plant specimens collected by his coastal coast are now compiled into the "Slun Specification Collection"，Save in the Museum of Natural History。There are also a small part of the posts sent to some managers of Senrad, Schurder, Oxford University, and some managers of East India，Finally merged into the Oxford University Simagon Museum。

third，Draw the image of Chinese coastal plants。Canningan actively hires Chinese artists to draw images of various plants in the local area。6 months in its living in Xiamen，Cantanan commissioned Chinese painters to draw 800 plant images for it。He has also collected more than 200 plant images in Zhoushan。

　　Change and enrich the West's understanding of Chinese plants

Canningan's research on Chinese coastal plants has changed the understanding of Chinese plants in the West to a certain extent。Such as the Camp Ning'an letter published in the Royal Society of the British Society in 1702 introduced the tea of ​​China。In the letter，He wrote: "Three common tea brought to England actually comes from the same plant，Just picking the season and planting soil are different，Wuyi Mountain Black Tea (It is called Wuyi Tea according to the name of the mountain in Fujian according to the main producing area of ​​the black tea) is the first germination Bet365 lotto review of the buds in early March、Tea dried in the yin。Tea is the second stubble tea in April，Songluo Tea is the last crop of tea in May and June，Both are put in the pot，Killing green with fire ... "From this，Canningan became the first Westerner to accurately describe Chinese tea and classify。In addition，Different from Chinese traditional plant paintings pay attention to freehand，Canningan proposed to complete the Chinese painter to complete the plant、A photo requirements for objective depiction，Emphasize the use of plant images for research at the scientific level。

Canningan's research on Chinese coastal plants also shows that at that time, Westerners tried to interpret and build Chinese botanicals in their eyes with Chinese plant knowledge。Canningan lives in the former Linnai era，At that time, Western Botanicals had not yet established a system、Scientific naming system，So，When he is marked with the name of Chinese plants，Sometimes the Chinese name of the plant is transliterated into English and then adding it，Among them, the Chinese pronunciation of the plant name uses the pronunciation in the local words，For example，La-BoEChinensibus (Chinese wax plum) "La-BOE" is the transliteration of "wax plum" called "wax plum".，Chinesesibus refers to the place of collection in China。Sometimes the Chinese character naming method is used。

Canningan's research on Chinese coastal plants enriches the West's understanding of Chinese plant categories。bet365 best casino games The Chinese plant specimen he collected、Plant images are richer，There are many types，even let Chinese painters draw a lot of the same group、Tongke plant。Take the chrysanthemum family in the core real twins plant as an example，The plant images collected by Canningan include woody fragrant chrysanthemum、Yarcus Chrysanthemum、Ai Ju、豨莶 豨莶、Dongfeng Cai、Mountain Baiju、Gachana、Purple Flower Wild Chrysanthemum、Zhang Ju、Huang Ju、Steamed Buns、Dandelion、Huang Juzi、bamboo shoots、Goose Cao、Honghua, etc.，Basically covers all the plants in the chrysanthemum family in the quilt plant classification system。

Canningan's research on Chinese coastal plants has profoundly influenced the development of British botany，This is particularly prominent in the botanical works in the Campning Age。Placanent's "Plant Daquan"、Petig's "Museum"、Rey's "Encyclopedia of Plant Encyclopedia", all of which are included in the plant specimen sent by Canning on the British，This promotes Western botanicals in plant classification、Observation and description changes。

In short，Canningan's research on Chinese coastal plants witnessed the early Chinese and English knowledge、Cultural and other fields of communication，It is an important part of the history of Sino -British cultural exchanges。Related research results expand the cognition of Western Bet365 lotto review intellectual circles to the unknown species and geographical scope，Promoting the West's understanding of China。Because the West has not established a system of botanical classification system in the Campning Age，At this time, the traditional botanical knowledge system in China and the West can be described as a connection，Reflects the influence of botanical influence on the West with a long history of Chinese history。This is the rise of early modern western botology，This is the rise of early modern western botology。For us today，Research、Exploring the library of British libraries、The Canningkan Chinese Coastal Plants Research Literature of the Museum and Archives、Plant specimen and plant image，helps to achieve inheritance of related special cultural heritage。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund annual project "Britain's 17-19 century to the China Airlines Sea Diary Letter、Translation and Research "(22BTQ011) phase results)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Zhejiang Ocean University)