According to Cao Zhiyun's definition，Geographical Linguistics is also called "Linguistic Geography"，Based on the language factual survey of many locations，Use the language map to describe the geographical distribution status of language phenomena，Explain the reasons for these distribution in combination with social and cultural factors，The process of exploration language phenomenon changes。

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Geographical Linguistics was introduced by Father He Dengsong, a priest He Dengsong in the 1940s，But with modern Chinese grammar、Sounds and other differences，The development of geographical linguistics in China is not smooth sailing，He Dengsong's research has not blossomed in China。

The reason for it，But the following points: one，The characteristics of Chinese itself。Chinese as a language of syllables，The basic unit of meaning is a syllable one by one，The geographical linguistics that originated from the background of Western language research faces a word，So based on Western Indo -European language，Starting from geographical linguistics based on words survey, research on Chinese dialects is inevitable.。Its two，Chinese research tradition。Traditional Chinese traditional ways of academic ways are not repeated，Pay attention to classical literature，Language Language。He Dengsong takes the live language as the research object，This was very different from the research tradition of China at that time。Three，Vigorous region in China，There are many dialects and extremely complicated，If there is no early investigation of Chinese dialects in the early stage，Geographical Linguistics is difficult to develop。Four，He Dengsong's extremely turbulent social environment is not conducive to the development of geographic linguistics in China。

　　Dialect Study Lay the foundation for localization of geographical linguistics

Starting in the 1980s，Bet365 app download Chinese dialects have been fully investigated and described，The historical comparison of dialects has also made great progress，These have created conditions for the new development of geographic linguistics in China。other，For a long time，Starting from Zhao Yuanren，The research of Chinese dialects is mainly based on static descriptions，Research on Dialect Examinations mainly，Social historical and geographical factors behind dialect mutations are less。but，Social requirements of language must contact non -language factors such as cultural history，Only in order to comprehensively understand Chinese dialects。So，Chinese dialects urgently need new research methods to expand、In -depth research。As a research method，Geographical Linguistics has irreplaceable value，That is, the change of language variation in regional space intuitively through the map，The relationship between language mutation and geography is highlighted，This helps to study the real state of language changes。other，Progress of Technology、Development of various map software，Provided unprecedented technical support for the study of dialect geography。

early 21st century，Shi Rujie cooperates with Japanese scholar Iwada Royal，In 2003, he translated He Dengsong's "Chinese Dialect Geography" to China，From then。This "new" research direction quickly caused a large response。Domestic scholars discussed the development of geographic linguistics in theory，and carried out a series of effective Chinese dialect geographic linguistics research。Cao Zhiyun from research content、Research method、Research purposes and other aspects of the definition of geographic linguistics，It is believed that geographical linguistics research is one of the inevitable trends of Chinese linguistics.，China is a rare fertile soil for geographical linguistics。This new direction of Chinese dialect research is mainly manifested in the combination of geographic linguistics and Chinese dialect research，Preparation of dialect maps is an bet365 best casino games important content of geography linguistics。Gao Xiaohong fully sorted out the reasons why geographical linguistics did not develop in China after He Dengsong，Conditions for re -emergence of Chinese geographic linguistics in the early 21st century，and look forward to the further development of geography linguistics。Xiang Mengbing、Cao Hui thinks，He Dengsong's research method is a narrow dialect geography，"To get a comprehensive and in -depth understanding of Chinese dialects，This method is difficult to work -at least it can be said，Difficulties are very large。Chinese dialect geography of the 21st century, although it does not exclude ‘carefully selecting a small amount of voice、Vocabulary and Language Break "，But it must be based on the systemicity of survey and research as its main features, which is different from the early Chinese dialect geography. "。The above discussion is undoubtedly significant for promoting the development of geographic linguistics in China。

While conducting theoretical discussion，Scholars have started the geographical linguistics research of Chinese dialects。Among them, it has global、The biggest influence is the "Chinese Dialect Foundation" edited by Cao Zhiyun and the "New Chinese Language Atlas" edited by Zhang Zhenxing。"Chinese dialect atlas" is the first to write on the basis of a unified field survey、Original，It is the iconic achievement of contemporary geographical linguistics in Chinese research，It has a milestone significance。It not only follows the basic requirements of Western geographic linguistics，also fully inherited the tradition of Chinese dialect research，Comprehensive、Scientifically described and showed the common language difference and geographical distribution status of important language phenomena in Chinese dialects，strongly promoting the construction and development of the discipline of geography linguistics in China。The "New Chinese Language Atlas" edited by Zhang Zhenxing and others is based on the 1987 edition of "Chinese Language Conclusion"bet365 Play online games ，Supplement based on the new achievements of Chinese dialect surveys in the past 20 years、Revised for，It is of great significance to comprehensively understand the distribution of Chinese language and Chinese dialects。

，The results of regional research have also emerged，Run Peng Zerun、Wang Wensheng、Richard vanness Simmons (Shi Haoyuan)、Shi Rujie、Gu Qian、Xu Yue、Li Yongxin and others all have written works。Geographical Linguistics shows a booming development in Chinese dialect research。

　　Discovering the reality of Chinese and the essence of Western theoretical essence

Geographical Linguistics is a linguistic theory produced in the context of Western language，If you copy it over and apply it on Chinese，It is inevitable that there will。He Dengsong's research has been put on hold in China for a long time，It is closely related to the actual Chinese and Chinese academic traditions with him。He Dengsong once strongly opposed the Chinese study that only focused on classical literature.，Principles to study alive language。This view is unspeakable，But in the era of He Dengsong, it is not easy to be recognized。

Chinese is a language of syllables，It is obviously different from the characteristics of Western languages ​​in terms of vocabulary，This makes Chinese geographic linguistics different from the Western research content。Chinese research in the modern sense of China is affected by the theoretical method of Western language，And have experienced the localization road of Western linguistics theory。Rudo Chinese grammar research began in 1898 "Ma's Wendong"，It mainly borrows the Western grammar framework。With the deepening of research，Many grammar phenomena in Chinese are difficult to explain in Western theories，Therefore, began to explore the actuality of Chinese and absorb Western theoretical essence，Skimmy that is suitable for Chinese characteristics to study localized roads。Chinese dialect research is also the same，Start from Gao Benhan，Although it has also borrowed Western historical linguistics bet365 live casino games theory，But the characteristics of the meaning of Chinese syllables from the beginning，Based on words，Refer to the traditional Chinese phonology and rhyme，This study has a strong Chinese color，Soon in China, take root in China，Himmons。He Dengsong used geographical linguistics to study Chinese，More adherence to the theoretical framework of Western geographic linguistics，Study Chinese in the units of words，As a result, it has been obliterated in China for a long time。

Reasonably absorb Western dialect geography methods and theories，Features of Chinese language，Take the localization road，It is the only way for geographical linguistics to develop in China。In this regard，"Chinese Dialects Atlas" has taken out a key step with theoretical innovation significance，It has important theoretical value and guidance effect on the development of geographic linguistics in China。First，This atlas fully respects Chinese characteristics and research tradition，Start with a single word survey，Select words from the "Dialect Examinement Form" based on the rhyme cutting system，The setting of the figure reflects the changes in the dialect in dialects since the Middle Ages。Next，On the basis of a single voice survey，Survey of vocabulary and grammar。Different degrees of existence of the voice system of different dialects，If you only remember the word，Differences of the word shape without Chinese characters，Different words may be attributed together，Or separate the words of the same source。So，The classification of the vocabulary of the album is basically not only based on words，At the same time, take care of the word shape，It is obviously different from He Dengsong's simply memorizing words，The "Chinese Dialect Interpretation Map" edited by Iwada Royal is mainly based on the word form recorded by Chinese characters。

With the continuous deepening of research，The connotation of the research method itself of the geographical linguistics is constantly changing。j. K. Chambers and P. Trudgill focuses on the research on the bet365 Play online games language variant，Research method using social linguistics to study geographic linguistics。

　　Chinese Dialect Research Traditionally helps to expand language geography theory

For Chinese dialect research，New development of geographic linguistics，Further localization is the only way for its continued development。Through the combination of research with Chinese dialect research，Classic language geography theory and methods to conform to the actual transformation of Chinese dialects and research tradition，Connotation of continuously enriching Chinese language geography theory，Supplement to build the theory of language geography that is in line with Chinese language，To promote the study of geography in Chinese dialects to continuously deepen。

Specifically，Research can be carried out in the following aspects。One，Traditional Chinese Research and Chinese Research Tradition，Follow the basic principles of geographical linguistics，Inheritance of Zhao Yuanren and other predecessors, the effective dialect survey research mode，Continue to conduct geographical linguistics research based on single pronunciation as the starting point。On this basis, vocabulary grammar research，Pay attention to the systemicity of investigation and research，Explore the history of the evolution of Chinese dialects、Evolution level and evolution mode。Its two，Facing the vast area of ​​Chinese dialect、Facing the vast area of ​​Chinese dialect，Vigorously carry out macro、Middle view、Microscopy and other levels of geographic linguistics research，Actively promote the drawing of major dialect areas and regional dialect maps。Three，According to the theoretical requirements of classic geographical linguistics，Adapt to the new development of geographic linguistics，Combined with social and cultural factors，With the help of history、Geography、Sociology、Research results in other fields such as economics，Further study the way of changes and evolutionary causes of Chinese dialects。Four，bet365 live casino games Combined with network technology and big data platform，Based on the extensive investigation and research，Construction of the geographical information system of Chinese dialect。

　(This article is the State Social Science Foundation "Shanxi Jin Dialect Foundation" (13BYY055) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of International Education, Hangzhou Normal University)